Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave1thatnormal‐weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.3amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan4ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater5isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined6bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI7bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,8,canbedividedintomoderayobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballyers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminNegativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti‐obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MiceObamalaunchedahigh‐visibilityn_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]、【答案】Bconcludeddenied(否認)與意義相反，doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠，ensured(確保)不符合題意，因為研究不能確保后面的事實，只能得出后面的事實作為結論。所以正確答案為B。[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient、【答案】A【解析】題干中，對于某些健康情況，超重事實上是有。根據(jù)前文研究的結論，超重能減少罹患疾病的風險，說明超重具有一定的保護作用。Dangeroussufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻煩，不符合題意，所以正確答案為A。[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]、【答案】C 一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞語。A選項instead表示逆接意為同樣地;也，而且。因此正確答案為C。[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]、【答案】A【解析】本句話中，，一定程度上超重，經(jīng)常是健康的。AA。[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]、【答案】D relevance(相關性);C、assistance(輔助);D、concern(關注)。前文已經(jīng)說到肥胖事實上有利健康，但是又一個問題，到底如何去定義肥胖，因此需要更加關注的是對肥的定義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為D。[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]in、【答案】Ainterms【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常體質指數(shù)，或稱為BMIA、intermsof來取代，D、inrespectofA。在醫(yī)學研究和臨床測試中經(jīng)常使用[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]、【答案】CBMI體重除以身高的平方，這里是用文字敘述了BMI出的方法，也就是一個數(shù)學，所以equal符合題意。Ameasure(測量)、Bdetermine表示確定;Dmodify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]in、【答案】Cin 分地)。本句是將肥胖依次分級，所以正確答案為C。[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]、【答案】DAcomplicatedA因此正確答案為D。 10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]【答案】B 其他人有較低的指數(shù)，可能BMI有轉折的含義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為B[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]、【答案】A【解析】本題可以簡化為：Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor.不[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]12、【答案】B有些專業(yè)運動員是肥胖的，"開始"不符;"處在"也不符合句意;"退休"內容無關;"被認[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]、【答案】C除A、B;D屬中性，且不符合句意，C(正常的)契合，為正確答案。[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]、【答案】D【解析】本題解題關鍵是后半句：tostigmatizeobesity(抵毀肥胖)，作為劃線部分面一句也進一步證實了(出現(xiàn)在中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]、【答案】b的意思應該是污蔑肥胖，四個選項中，跟相關系的詞匯只有bpicture意思為刻[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]、【答案】D 望值不高?？崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸瑁狈σ庵玖蛯Τ晒Φ钠谕挡桓叨际桥c肥胖相關的表只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系，相關符合句意。[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]、【答案】A 分析四個選項，只有Aeven即使符合題意。[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]、【答案】D 肥胖，是基于對健康的關注，分析四個選項，能夠表達此意思的詞匯，只有選項D[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]、【答案】D個語義場的詞匯，比如hospitalsystembanmanyemployersinstitute,指向的意思[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]、【答案】B在句講到已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個名度 項，只有Bagainst符合題意。SectionIIReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextWhatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnew esold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatching evision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayear ng,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’ideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpur[A]Abig[B]Aspecial[C]Astylish[D]Arich、【答案】BAspecial【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips…"，意思是"花錢消費在經(jīng)歷方面更好……，比如說有趣的旅行……"，由此可以得知答案是B選項"一場特別的旅行"。Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTV、【答案】A【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayearng,andishardlyjollierforit"，意思是"普通美看電視的態(tài)度是A選項"的"。Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowconsumersaresometimespopularityusuallycomesaftermarketingtricksareafterraritygenerallyincreases、【答案】Draritygenerallyincreases證明的論點是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly"，大意是"有節(jié)制地消費奢侈品最令人愉悅"，D選項正是這句論點句的同義替換。Accordingtothelastparagraph,Happyhasleftmuchroomformayprovetobeaworthwhilehaspredicteda egapinthemaygiveitsreadersasenseof【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhile【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent"，大意是"大多數(shù)人看完這本書后，認為物有所值"，因此可以推知B選項是正確答案。Thistextmainlydiscusseshowbalancefeelinggoodandspendingspendlargesumsofmoneywoninobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyemorereasonableinspendingon【答案】Abalancefeelinggoodandspending答案定位在A選項。TextAnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.edefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)werengsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceof aldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethe inthepictureasthemselves,therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,inlectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemseAccordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefound ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyillusorysuperiorityisbaselessourneedforleadershipisself-enhancingstrategiesare、【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealistically知，我們對自己評價過高。故答案為[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh。Visualrecognitionisbelievedtoberapidconsciousintuitiveautomaticself-【答案】Cintuitive自動的心理過程，這個過程依靠快速發(fā)生，且并不是故意的。"由此可知，視覺識別被認為是人們的反應。故答案為[C]intuitiveresponse。Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedunderestimatetheirbelieveintheircoveruptheiroversimplifytheir【答案】Bbelieveintheir那些認為自己的形象高于標準的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人，故答案為[B]believeintheirattractiveness。Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaning 【答案】[A句講到"許多人討厭中的自己，從某種層面上說，他們甚至不承認中的人是他們自 "由此可知，viscerally在本句中是"本質上地"意思，故答案為[A]instinctively。Itcanbeinferredthatisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan.presenttheirdishonestdefinetheirtraditionallifesharetheir lectualwithholdtheirunflattering【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflattering【解析】題干問"我們可以推理出臉書()之所以是一個自我拔高者的，是形象。"故答案為[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides。TextCryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeel forubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheoutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefiniyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayyadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(藥物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybe fortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedyses.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraph sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstocryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultincryingusuallywinssympathyfromotheronewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeWhatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referCryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforTheembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheThetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostoptheLinkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionof“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans havingnoeffectatleadingtoproducingdisastrousharmfultoWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutItisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheItmusthavearoletoyinman’sItismeanttogetattentionandItusuallyproducesthedesiredWhatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesofEmotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingExposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionalEmotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomeEnvironmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionalTextWhentheernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityfortheernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayucemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocal canborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothe ernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbe intheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingnsifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousinghasattractedmuchinvolvescertainpoliticalshoulderstoomuchhaslostitsrealvaluein【答案】[BinvolvescertainpoliticalACshouldertheblame，DItcanbelearnedthataffordablehousingincreaseditshomeofferedspendingsufferedernmentdisappointedthe【答案】[C]sufferedernmentputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采取一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsborne allowgreaterernmentdebtforstoplocalfrombuildingpreparetoreducehousingstockreleasealiftedGDPgrowth【答案】[A]allowgreaterernmentdebtfor【解析】根據(jù)人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知，此人將會讓當?shù)赜脕韮斶€建房借貸Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironment lowerthecostsofregisteredlessentheimpact ernmentcontributetofundingnewrelievetheministersof【答案】[C]contributetofundingnew"fundnewdevelopments";C"contributeto"(haveasignificantimpact(意思是有重要影響)，符合正解的同義復現(xiàn)原則，所以是正確選項。Theauthorbelievesthatafter ernment implementmorepoliciestosupportreviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicrenewtheaffordablehousinggrantsstopgenerousfundingtothehousing【答案】[DstopgenerousfundingtothehousingrenewDSectionIIITranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswou mend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdo