FascinatingChumashpeopleusedfishhookshundredsofyearsago.TheChumashpaddledtheircanoessofaroutintheoceanthatsometimestheylostsightofland.Chumashhuntersusedwoodendecoystohuntducks.ComprehensionMainIdeaandISBN0-328-14852-ScottForesmanSocialISBN0-328-14852-

ì<(sk$m)=beifcd<+^-?-U-?-UEditorialEditorialOffices:Glenview,Illinois?Parsippany,NewJersey?NewYork,NewSalesOffices:Needham,Massachusetts?Duluth,Georgia?Glenview,IllinoisCoppell,Texas?Sacramento,California?Mesa,ArizonaTigerLee獨家推出，獲取專業(yè)服務支持，請通過TigerLee淘寶 Inthisbook,youwillreadabouttheChumashpeople.TheChumashlivedinsouthernCaliforniaandonagroupofislandsofftheCaliforniacoast.Theywereamongthefirstpeopletoliveintheregion.ISBN:0-328-14852-Copyright?PearsonEducation,Inc.All .PrintedinUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thispublicationorpartsthereof,maybeusedwithappropriateequipmenttoreproducecopiesforclassroomuseonly.12345678910V0G1141312111009080706todescribethefirstpeoplewholivedinthisland.YoumayhaveheardoftheNavajo,theApache,theCheyenne,andtheSioux.Thesearewell-knownAmerican ngroups.The ChumashlivedinCalifornia.Theircultureyedamajorroleinthesettlingofearly

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cesintheUnitedStateshaveAmerican nnames.YoumayhaveheardthenamesMassachusetts,Delaware,andHuron.ThesearethenamesoftwostatesandaGreatLake.Allthreeofthesenamesare n0MEXICO0MEXICO 200ThismapofcoastalCaliforniashowswheretheChumashlived. BeforetheSpanisharrivedinCalifornia,theChumashlivedalongthesouthcentralcoastofCalifornia.Theylivedinaconnectedgroupofvillages.TheyhadcontactwithotherTheveryfirstChumashvillageshadonlyafewhousesandcontainednomorethansixtypeople.Astimepassed,thepopulation

AVillageEachvillagehadachief.TheChumashhadaclasssystem,andthetitleofchiefwashereditary.ItwaspasseddownfromatoaAchiefwasexpectedtobehonest,strong,goodathuntingandfishing,andabletogetalongwithpeople.Thechiefoftenhadtosettlearguments.Asthevillagesbecamelarger,itwassometimesnecessaryforachieftodeclarewar. TigerLee獨家推出，獲取專業(yè)服務支持，請通過TigerLee淘寶 TheChumashatemeat,fish,andwild parts.OaktreesprovidedtheChumashwithacorns.Allofthe ntpartsusedbytheChumashforfoodweregathered,notgrown.TheChumashwerenotfarmers.Aftertheygatheredtheacorns,Chumashwomenwouldgrindthenutsintoflour.Acornflourwasusedtomakedifferenttypesoffood,suchasbreadlikeloaves.

TheChumashhadusesfor nts. dugupa ntcalledsoaproot.Theyuseditasashampooandforwashingtheirskinandclothing.Theyalsomadebrushesoutofit.Thesebrushescouldbeusedastoolsforpreparingfoodorforcavepainting.Bestofall,theyateit.Afterbeingroastedinanoventhebulbsmadedelicioustreats.TheChumashhadusesforeverypartofastems,leaves,seeds,roots,andbulbs. MostChumashmenwerefishermen.Sometimestheyfishedfromtheircanoeswithahookandline.Othertimestheyusedfishtraps,spears,clubs,andnetstocatchfish.TheChumashhuntedanimalssuchasdeer,elk,an ope,rabbits,andsquirrels.TheChumashwereveryquiethunters.WearinganimalskinsoftenhelpedChumashhunterstocloseinontheirpreywithoutbeingnoticed.TheChumashlivedonthe andontheChannelIslands.Theyneededawaytogobackandforthbetweenthe andtheTheChumashbuilttomols.Theboatwasmaddriftwood.Thethejointsweresealedwithpitch,ortar.Athecanoeswerefinished,theywerepaianddecoratedwithseas9TigerLee獨家推出，獲取專業(yè)服務支持，請通過TigerLee淘寶 TheChumashlovedcelebrations.Thewintersolstice,ortheshortestdayoftheyear,wasthemostimportantcelebration.ThreepeoplehadspecialdutiesatChumashcelebrations.Theywerethechief,theshaman,orreligiousleader,andthepaxa.Oneofthechief’smaindutieswastomakesurethattherewasenoughfood.Thepaxawasinchargeofthefestival.Thepaxachosethesiteforthespecialdances.Hemadesurethateverythingwentsmoothly.

Ashamanwasareligiousleader.Thiscanbeseenintherockpaintingsthathavebeenfoundinmountaincaves.Becauseofthepaintings’locations,manybelievethatonlyashamanwasallowedinthecaves.TheChumashcavepaintingshavemanydifferentpatterns.OneChumashpaintingshowsaship.Otherslooklikefiguresbasedonheavenlybodies.ThisisanexampleofaChumashcave TheChumashmadesomeofthefinestbasketsevercreated.Thebasketsweremadeusing similartotallreeds.TheChumashwovedesignsintothefibers.Thesebasketshavelastedforcenturiesandcanbeseeninmanymuseums.TheChumashmadeinterestingtools.Theymadeknives,scrapers,andarrowheadsbygrindingandsharpeningdifferenttypesofstone.Fishinghooksweremadefromthes sofclamsandother Chumashartisans,orskilledworkers,carvedwoodtomakebowlsandmusicalinstruments.TheseareexamplesofChumashTheChumashInthemid-1700stheSpanishbeganbuildingmissionsinCalifornia.ThiseventmarkedtheendoftheChumashwayoflife.ThemissionariescapturedmanyChumash dthemtoworkatthemissionPoorfood,badtreatment,anddiseasekilledthousands.ManyChumashrevolted,buttheycouldnotescape.

TheoftheIn1775,asthemissionarieswerejustbeginningtoarrive,theChumashpopulationwasabout22,000.In1885,100yearslater,onlyeighty-fourremained.By1906onlyforty-twowerestillalive.TheChumashlandsbecamepartofaUnitedStatesterritoryin1848.TheChumashtosuffer.Bytheearly1900stherewereveryfewChumashleft.Bythe1970stherewerenofluentspeakersoftheChumashlanguageToday287ChumashliveonthesmallSantaYnezReservationinCalifornia.About2,000peopleclaimChumashancestry. cultureculturethewayoflifeofaparticularpeopleincludingcustoms,religion,ideas,inventions,andtoolshereditarypasseddownfromparentstochildrenmissionasettlementsetuptoteach missionarya sentbyareligiousgrouptospread