SectionⅡ

Usinglanguage要點(diǎn)精研·探究學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法新知·對(duì)接課堂語(yǔ)法探究·核心突破課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)·隨堂自測(cè)要點(diǎn)精研·探究學(xué)習(xí)1.annoyedadj.惱怒的，煩惱的，生氣的(教材原句)PreventedfromplayingherroleinRiley'semotionaldevelopment,Sadnessfeelsannoyed.“悲傷”由于無(wú)法在萊莉的情感發(fā)展中起作用，她感到煩惱。?Iwasannoyedwithhimbecausehekeptinterrupting.我對(duì)他煩透了，因?yàn)樗煌５卮驍辔业脑挕?Ibetshewasannoyedathavingtowriteitoutagain.我敢說(shuō)她對(duì)不得不把它重寫一遍感到惱火。?I'mabitannoyedthathedidn'tphoneme.Hepromisedmehewould！他沒(méi)給我打電話，我有點(diǎn)生氣。他答應(yīng)我會(huì)打的！[歸納探究]be/getannoyedwithsb.生某人的氣be/getannoyedat/aboutsth.因某事生氣be/getannoyedthat...因……生氣annoysb.withsth./bysth.因(做)某事使某人煩惱[單詞積累]

annoyingadj.令人氣惱的annoyvt.使惱怒，使生氣annoyancen．煩惱，惱怒；令人煩惱的事物Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn'tgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.這真的很煩人，我無(wú)法訪問(wèn)你推薦的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。[即學(xué)即練]用annoy的正確形式填空①Hegotvery________withmeaboutmycarelessness.②How________！

Ileftmywalletathome!③Shewas________withDuncanforforgettingtophone.annoyedannoyedannoyed2.adjustv．適應(yīng)，(使)習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)(教材原句)WhenRileymovestoanewcity,shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings.當(dāng)萊莉搬到一個(gè)新的城市，她很難適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。?ItwastheculturethatmadeithardforhimtoadjusttothenewsurroundingsinAmerica.正是這些文化使他很難適應(yīng)美國(guó)的新環(huán)境。?Wemustadjustourselvestothenewlifeassoonaspossible.我們必須盡快適應(yīng)新生活。?Whenachildisstudyingabroad,hemustlearntoadjusttolivingonhisown.當(dāng)孩子出國(guó)留學(xué)時(shí)，他必須學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)獨(dú)立生活。?Shemadeafewminoradjustmentstothemachine.她對(duì)這臺(tái)機(jī)器作了一些小小的調(diào)整。?Theheightofthechairisadjustable.椅子的高度是可調(diào)節(jié)的。[歸納探究]adjustto(doing)sth.適應(yīng)(做)某事adjustoneselfto(doing)sth.使自己適應(yīng)(做)某事adjuststh.tosth.調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……makeanadjustmentto...對(duì)……作出調(diào)整[單詞積累]

adjustmentn．適應(yīng)，調(diào)整adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的，可調(diào)節(jié)的[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thecompanymadean_________(adjust)totheworkers'salary.②Rachelhopedthathersisterwouldsoonadjust________(she)totheuniversitylife.③Therewasnolightintheroomandittookmeafewsecondstoadjust________thedarkness.④Kidsneedhelptoadjustto________(have)anewbabyinthehouse.adjustmentherselftohaving3.forgivev．原諒，寬恕(教材原句)Trytoforgivesomeonewhentheyapologise.當(dāng)別人道歉時(shí)，盡量原諒他們。?Pleaseforgivemeformybeingunabletokeepyoucompanytothebookstore.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫也荒芘惆槟闳辍?Inaddition,it'sbestforyoutoforgiveandforget.此外，你最好還是不計(jì)前嫌。?Headmittedhehaddoneherwrongandaskedforforgiveness.他承認(rèn)冤枉了她，并請(qǐng)求原諒。[歸納探究]forgiveme請(qǐng)?jiān)彛瑢?duì)不起forgivesb.sth.原諒某人某事(后接雙賓語(yǔ))forgivesb.for(doing)sth.原諒某人(做)某事forgiveandforget不念舊惡，不記仇[單詞積累]

forgivenessn．原諒，寬恕askfor(sb.'s)forgiveness請(qǐng)求某人的原諒[圖形助記](méi)

[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Idon'tthinkI'lleverforgiveDavid________thewayhetreatsme.②________(forgive)bythewholeclassforwhathedid,Tonyfinallycheeredup.③Later,inthehospital,Hendersonsawhisfriend.Heapologisedandaskedfor_________(forgive).forForgivenforgiveness4.embarrassmentn．尷尬，難為情(教材原句)Thiscancauseembarrassment.這會(huì)導(dǎo)致尷尬。?Incommunication,misunderstandingofgesturesorfacialexpressionstendstocauseembarrassment.在交流中，對(duì)手勢(shì)或面部表情的含義的誤解往往會(huì)引起尷尬。?Muchtoherembarrassment,sherealisedthateverybodyhadbeenlisteningtohersinging.她意識(shí)到大家一直在聽(tīng)她唱歌，感到很不好意思。?Itembarrassedhertomeetstrangemeninthecorridoratnight.夜里在走廊上遇見(jiàn)陌生男人使她感到很不好意思。?Hewasembarrassedtoadmitmakingamistake.他尷尬地承認(rèn)犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)。?Sometimeshewasmadeinanembarrassingsituationbecausehewasalwaystoooutspokeninhiswork.由于他在工作中總是太坦率，有時(shí)他處于一個(gè)尷尬的境地。[歸納探究](1)toone'sembarrassment使某人尷尬的是(2)be/feelembarrassedabout/at因……而感到尷尬/窘迫beembarrassedtodosth.因做某事而感到尷尬/窘迫anembarrassedsilence尷尬的沉默(3)anembarrassingquestion/situation令人難堪的問(wèn)題/處境anembarrassingincident尷尬的事件[一言助記](méi)

Maryfoundherselfinanembarrassingposition,andthereforeshefeltratherembarrassed.瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一種很窘迫的境地，因此，她感覺(jué)相當(dāng)尷尬。[單詞積累]

embarrassv．使尷尬，使窘迫embarrassedadj.尷尬的，窘迫的embarrassingadj.令人尷尬的[即學(xué)即練]用embarrass的正確形式填空①Kengavemean__________(embarrass)smilewhenIaskedwherehe'dbeen.②Whenyou'reinan___________(embarrass)situation,aslongasyouarenotembarrassed,itistheotherpersonwhoisembarrassed.③Herfaceturnedredwith___________(embarrass)whenIaskedwhenshewouldmarry.④Themore___________(embarrass)thesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.⑤Hewas__________(embarrass)toadmitgivingusfalseinformation.embarrassedembarrassingembarrassmentembarrassingembarrassed5.ensurev．保證，確保(教材原句)Worriedabouther,JoyandSadnesstrytoworktogethertoensureshegetshercorememoriesback.出于對(duì)她的擔(dān)心，“快樂(lè)”和“悲傷”盡力合作，以確保她找回自己的核心記憶。Toensurethatyourresumeworksforyou,Irecommendwritingitmorelikeaproposalthanajobdescription.為了確保你的簡(jiǎn)歷起到作用，我建議你寫得更像一個(gè)議案，而不是職位描述。[聯(lián)想拓展]

en可以作前綴，表“使……”，把原來(lái)的名詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。enrich使豐富 enlarge擴(kuò)大encourage鼓舞 enable使能夠ensure確保

endanger危及；危害[即學(xué)即練]句型轉(zhuǎn)換/完成句子①Theteacherssparednoefforttoensureanequalchancetoallstudents.→Theteacherssparednoeffortto__________allstudentshadanequalchance.→Theteacherssparednoeffortto___________allstudentshadanequalchance.②_________________(為了確保食品安全)，thegovernmenthaspromisedtoreducetheamountofchemicalsusedinfoodproduction.ensurethatmakesurethatToensurefoodsafety6.byaccident偶然，意外地?ItwasbyaccidentthatIfoundthenovelwrittenbyYangJiang.我是無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了楊絳寫的這本小說(shuō)。?Doyouthinkthebuildingwasburntdownbyaccidentorbydesign？你認(rèn)為這棟建筑是被意外燒毀的還是故意燒毀的？[歸納探究]bychance偶然，意外地bydesign有意地，故意地bymistake錯(cuò)誤地bynoaccident絕非偶然bynature天生地bytheway順便說(shuō)，順便問(wèn)一下bynomeans絕不，一點(diǎn)兒都不byallmeans當(dāng)然可以；無(wú)論如何bymeansof借助……手段，依靠……方法[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①ImetoneofmyclassmatesinSeniorHigh________accidentinthetrainyesterday.②I'vetakensomeoneelse'sbag________mistake.③Idon'tknowwhethertheydiditbyaccidentor________design.bybyby熟記下列重要短語(yǔ)①tellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話②takethelead帶頭③haveahardtimedoingsth.做某事有困難④lookdownon看不起⑤beseparatedfrom與……分開(kāi)⑥playarole起作用⑦settledown安頓下來(lái)⑧l(xiāng)ookonthebrightside看到光明的一面語(yǔ)法新知·對(duì)接課堂過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)一、語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象感知①Seenfromthepagoda,thesouthfootofthePurpleMountainisaseaoftrees.②Abitfrightened,hestoodstill.③Hehurriedtothehall,followedbytwoguards.④Givenanotherchance,I'lldoitmuchbetter.⑤Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.⑥Themanwilldieunlessoperatedatonce.⑦Ifunited,westand;ifdivided,wefall.二、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則理解1．由第①句可知，Seenfromthepagoda為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作_______狀語(yǔ)。2．由第②句可知，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作_______狀語(yǔ)。3．由第③句可知，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)followedbytwoguards在句中作____________狀語(yǔ)。4．由第④句可知，givenanotherchance在句中作_______狀語(yǔ)。5．由第⑤句可知，過(guò)去分詞wounded在句中作_______狀語(yǔ)。6．由第⑥⑦句可知，分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可在其前加上一定的_______，使?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)表示的意義更加明確。時(shí)間原因方式或伴隨條件讓步連詞微點(diǎn)撥

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的一部分，與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，過(guò)去分詞和主語(yǔ)或所修飾的詞之間往往是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但有時(shí)無(wú)被動(dòng)意義，只是表示一種狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成，分詞在句中可作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果、目的、讓步等狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法探究·核心突破過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步等。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)多放在句首，也可放在后面或插在中間。?Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.由于出生于貧寒家庭，納迪亞只上過(guò)兩年學(xué)。(表原因)?Whenaskedaboutherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.當(dāng)問(wèn)到未來(lái)的計(jì)劃時(shí)，這個(gè)女孩說(shuō)她想成為一名教師。(表時(shí)間)?Somemedicines,ifwronglytaken,cankillaperson.有些藥如果誤服的話可以使人喪命。(表?xiàng)l件)?Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.盡管受到了父母的鼓勵(lì)，他仍然沒(méi)有信心克服困難。(表讓步)?Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse.那個(gè)病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。(表方式)?Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.那個(gè)女孩過(guò)馬路時(shí)出了事故，頭部受了傷。(表結(jié)果)微點(diǎn)撥

過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)前面可用一個(gè)連詞，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，常用的連詞有：when，

while，

if，

unless，

though，

evenif等。Ifwellread，

thebookwillgiveyoumuchtothink.,如果細(xì)心讀的話，這本書會(huì)給你許多值得思考的東西。Whendefeated，

theywithdrewintothevalley.,被打敗后，他們撤退到一座山谷里。二、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句；表示方式、結(jié)果和伴隨時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列分句。?Givenalotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.→Afterhewasgivenalotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.給他許多錢后，他的日子過(guò)得好多了。?Thefilmstarsteppedoutofthetrain,surroundedbyherfans.→Thefilmstarsteppedoutofthetrainandshewassurroundedbyherfans.那位電影明星走下火車，被她的粉絲團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住。三、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)需注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1．過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。2．過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致?Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解出這道題。?Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.從山頂上看，這座城市顯得更漂亮。3．過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可改為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式，二者都可表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theplanwascarriedoutatlast.在討論了許多次之后，這個(gè)計(jì)劃最終被執(zhí)行了。微點(diǎn)撥

（1）有些過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞（短語(yǔ)），在句中作狀語(yǔ)或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。如lostin，

absorbedin，

concernedabout，

seatedin等。Absorbedindeepthought，

hedidn'thearthesound.,因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾校运麤](méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。(2)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，但有些過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞或連詞，不再受此規(guī)則的限制。Shemaycomewithusprovided(that)shearrivesintime.如果她及時(shí)到達(dá)，她可能會(huì)和我們一起來(lái)。四、過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表示被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)。巧學(xué)助記：分詞作狀語(yǔ)記憶口訣分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是問(wèn)題。前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)找出后，再來(lái)判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用-ing，被動(dòng)用-ed。?Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去陳舊。?Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(主謂關(guān)系)在使用這本書時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有用。課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)·隨堂自測(cè)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．We________(批評(píng))youbecausewewantedtohelpyou,notinordertofindfaultwithyou.2．Althoughitwasan________(意外事件),weensuredthatsimilarincidentsdidnothappenagain.3．Theplayercouldn't________(適應(yīng))tothetrainingbecauseofitscomplexity,sohegaveup.4．TheheadteachercriticizedRichard,whichmadehimvery________(煩惱).5．Tomyembarrassment,myparentshavenever________(原諒)meformyfault.criticizedaccidentadjustadjustforgiven6．Ifeelitmy________(責(zé)任)topullmyweightandhelpthemout.7．Davidwasgoodat________(拳擊)andwaschosenasaboxerbyaccident.8．Herecognizedhisfaultand________(確保)thathewouldnevermakethesamemistakeagain.9．_____________(尷尬)isthefeelingthatyouhavewhenyouareembarrassed.10．Therearetwostrategiestoresolvethat,buttheywillincreasethe________(復(fù)雜性)ofthetest.dutyboxingensuredEmbarrassmentcomplexityⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空l(shuí)ookdownon/upon,bepreventedfrom,beannoyedwith,adjustto,byaccident,settledown,getalongwith,forgive...for...,criticize...for...,toone'sembarrassment1．Youhaveto________thenewenvironmentandgetalongwellwithyourteammates.2．__________________，

shecouldn'tremembertheanswerandwascriticizedbyherteacher.3．JackwasannoyedwithAlicebecauseshe________________him.4．Assoonasthey___________，

thetravellerssentoutasignaltellingtheirparentsnottobeconcernedaboutthem.adjusttoToherembarrassmentlookeddownon/uponsettleddown5．—How________you______________yourboxingtraining?—Quitewell.Wearesuretowinthematch.6．They___________bythemanager_______failingtodotheirduties.7．Ifyourteachercriticizesyou,youshouldn't____________himorher.8．Cansomeaccidents______________happeningbyhumanbeings?9．Tomyfurtherembarrassment,mygirlfriend________me_______myfault.10．Thisfaultoccurred____________.Therefore,weshouldnotcriticizehim,butforgivehim.arege