淺析《紫色》中的女性主義摘要：二十世紀(jì)美國(guó)黑人作家對(duì)美國(guó)文學(xué)的發(fā)展做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)，他們的作品極大地豐富了美國(guó)文學(xué)，同時(shí)也對(duì)世界文學(xué)的創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。進(jìn)入七十年代以后，黑人女作家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)文學(xué)潮流，掀起了第三次美國(guó)黑人文學(xué)高潮。艾麗絲?沃克是當(dāng)代美國(guó)最杰出和最具影響力的黑人女性作家之一。她對(duì)黑人命運(yùn)問(wèn)題的研究探討，引起文壇矚目，被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)黑人作家中的后起之秀，有“女才子”之譽(yù)。小說(shuō)《紫色》是她文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的最高成就。本文主旨意在分析《紫色》中的女性主義。第一章簡(jiǎn)要地介紹了愛(ài)麗絲?沃克的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷及作品《紫色》。第二章論文的理論基礎(chǔ)—女性主義的含義和它的發(fā)展階段。第三章是本文的主體，以小說(shuō)的主旨及其寫(xiě)作技巧—書(shū)信體形式兩方面為切入點(diǎn)來(lái)分析《紫色》中所體現(xiàn)的女性主義。最后本文得出女性如果要獨(dú)立、自尊、自強(qiáng)，需通過(guò)自己不懈的努力，戰(zhàn)勝重重困難，最終才能取得與男性平等的社會(huì)地位與權(quán)力的結(jié)論。這也正是愛(ài)麗絲·沃克想要表達(dá)的女性主義的真正內(nèi)涵。關(guān)鍵詞：《紫色》美國(guó)黑人女性女權(quán)主義雙重壓迫尋求獨(dú)立AnAnalysisofFeminisminTheColorPurpleLiYixuanAbstract:Afro—AmericanwritershavemadegreatcontributiontoAmericanliteraturinthe20century.thTheirworkshaveenormouslyenrichedAmericanliteratureandexertgreatinfluenceonliterarycreationintheworld.Blackwomenwritershavesetoffanewupsurgeofliteraturesincethe1970s.Thisiscalledthethird—ARenaissancemericanofAfrliterature.AliceWalkerisoneofthemostremarkableandinfluentialAfro—American1

writersincontemporaryAmericanliteraryworld.HerfamousTheCnovelolorPurpleisthesummitofherliteraryachievements.ThethesisisintendedtoexploretheFeminismnovelTheColorPurple.ChapteronegivesabriefintroductiontoAliceWalker’spersonaexperienceandhernovelTheColorPurple.Chaptertwoshowsthetheoreticalfoundationofthethesis—Feminism,thedefinitionandthedevelopmentofit.hrChapteree,isthemainbodyofthethesis,dealswiththeanalysisofFeminisminthisnovelanditswritingtechnique—epistolarystyle，usethesetwoaspectsasastartingpointtoanalysisthefemiwhichembodiedinthisnovel.Theendofthispaperwhichconcludedifwomenwanttoindependence,self—esteemandself—reliance,theonlythingtheycandoistotryeveryeffortandtoovercomethenumerousdifficultiestogainthesethings.Andfinallygetthesocialstatusandsocialrightswhichisequaltomen.ThisisexactlywhatAliceWalkerwantstoexpressthetruemeaningoftheFeminism.Keywords:TheColorPurple;Afro—Americanwomen;Feminism;doubleoppression;independenceContents承諾保證書(shū)…….…….…….……….………..I摘要…….….…….…….………….…………IIAbstract…….………….……IIIIntroduction………………….………………1I.ABriefIntroductionofAliceWalkerandHer—NovelTheColorPurple………….…21.1ABriefIntroductionofAlice…Walker………..………21.2AliceWalker’sLiteraryWork—TheColorPurple……32

II.TheoreticalFoundation……….…………52.1TheDefinitionofFeminism………………….…………52.2TheDevelopmentofFeminism…………5III.AnAnalysisofFeminisminthe—NovelTheColorPurple……………83.1TheThemeoftheNovel……………….…..…………83.1.1SexualOppressionuponBlackWomen…….….…...………83.1.2FightingforIndependence……….…………….………..……113.2TheWritingTechniqueandRhetoricMethodofthe……Novel……143.2.1EpistolaryStyle………………143.2.2Metaphor………………..……15Conclusion…………….……17References…………….……183

IntroductionTheAfro-AmericanliteratureisoneoftheimportantpartsoftheAmericanliteratuanditundergoesaverylongdevelopmentanddifferentperiodsofdevelopment.Intheearlierstageofthe20thcentury,Afro-AmericanliteratureexpressestheprbymiddlestagewritersfocusontheexposureofracismandthepovertyofAfro-Americansandrevealthewriters’anxietyabouttheAmericandream.Inthelaterstage,femalewritersrepresentedbyWalkerhavebeenturnedoveranewleafThisthesisisabriefanalysisofAliceWalkerandherThfamouseColorworkPurple.InthisnovelWalkermainlydiscussedthecontradictionbetweenmenandwomen.Disclosetheoppressioninsidetheblackcommunity.ThoughtellingthestoryofCelie—anordinaryblackwomaninthesouthernvillageinAmerican—frominsensitivetobeartheoppressionfromtheblackmalestorealizetherealityandfforherself.Theauthordeeplydisclosethelife—AwhichmericaAfronwomenweresufferedandexquisitedepictedtheCelie’ssufferings.UseWalker’swords:Thisnoveldescribestheemotionofsocialoppressionandthespirit’ssubstancesarealltoldbyablackwomanwhosufferedafrustratedlife.—CWhileeliefsheinallyfoundawayout.Shefinallyfoundajob,gotherfriendship,loveahernddownignity.”ThegreatplaceofthisnovelisthatitnotonlydisclosethemiseryofAfro—Americanwomen,butalsodiscussedhowtohelpthosewomentogetridofthe“theproblemofrecoveroneself”traditionally.4

I.ABriefIntroductionofAliceWalkerandHerNovel—TheColorPurple1.1ABriefIntroductionofAliceWalkerAliceWalkerisoneofthemostimportantcontemporaryAfro—Americanwomenwriters,bornin1944.Sheisanovelist,ashortfictionwriter,apoet,acriticalSheistheeighthchildofasharecropperfamilyinEatonton,Georgia,wherethetenantfarmersystemkeptmostblackfamiliesperpetuallyindebt.ShealwayslivedverypoorlifeandatthattimeeducationwasnottakenveryWseriously.alker’sButmotherinsistedthatherchildrenshouldgotoschool.AfterhertryingWalkerstarschoolatfouryearsoldandprovedtobeanexcellentchild.In1961WalkerwasawardedascholarshiptoSpelmanCollege,asmallblackwomenschoolinAtlanta.InthefollowingyearsshewasselectedtoattendtheYouthWorlPeaceFestivalinFinland.ItwasalsowhenshefirstheardaboutDr.MarinLutherKinginherfreshmanyearatSpelman.In1964,shetransferredtoSarahLawrenceCollegeinBronxvile,NewYorkwhereshemajoredinliteratureandhasadeepstudyinLatinpoetryandhistory.AftergraduatingfromSarahLawrencewithabachelor’sdegree,WalkerreturnedtotheSouthandwasactivelytoparticipateintheCivilRightsMovement.HerworkinGeorgiaputhercloselylinkedtothepoorestandlowest—educatedAmericanAfrosandallowedhertohaveanattentiontotheimpactofpovertyontherelationshipsbetweenblackmenandwomen.In1970,shewroteherfirstnovel,TheThirdLifeofGeorgeCopeland;hersecondcollectionofpoems,RevolutionaryPetuniasandOtherPoems(1973);herfirstshortstoriescollection,InLoveandTrouble:StoriesofBlackWomen(1973).Walkerbecamealeaderofspokespersonfortheblackfeminism.5

By1979,hernextnovelbeganforminginhermind.Shethoughtshemusttowritethenovelinwhichthecharactersaretryingtocontacther,tospeakthroughher.SosoldherhouseandmovedtoCalifornia,settlinginthecountrysideofSanFrancisco,placethat“l(fā)ookedalotlikethetowninGeorgiamostofthecharacterswerefroAndtherethethingswhichinhermindcamefreelyandthenovelTheColorPurpleflowed.AliceWalkerwasacivilrightsadvocatorandactivelytotakepartintheCivilRigMovementofthe1960’s.Shewasaspokeswomanforthewomen’smovement.ThehonorsandawardswhichshegainedcludeBreadLoafWriters’ConferenceScholarin1966,MerrillWritingFellowin—11966967,theAmericanAcademyandInstituteofArtsandLettersRosenthalAwardin1974forInLoveandTrouble,thePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAwardin1982TheforColorPurple,andsoon.SheisclaimedtobeoneofthemostfamousblackwomenwritersintheAmericanliteraryhistory.1.2AliceWalker’sLiteraryWork—TheColorPurpleThebackgroundofthenovelisinasouthernAmericanvillageroughlybetween1916and1942,aperiodduringthestatusofblacksremainedunalteredintheDeepSouthTheprotagonistCeliesufferedamiserablelife,atfirstshekeepssilentaboutwhathappenedonher,butthisdoesn’tstopbadthingshappeningermonother.diHes,hertwochildrenaretakenaway,leavingheralonewonderingwhethertheyhavebeensoldorevenkilled.Celieisvictimizedphysicallyandmentallybyherfather.Uttaloneandoutofdesperation,shehasnochoicebuttowritetoGodtoexpresshersufferingsandfeelings.Celieliveslikeaslave.Infact,thelifewithAlbert,herhusband,isthecontinhernightmare.Intheweddingday,Harpo,theoldestsonofAlbertwelcomesCelie6

witharocklayingherheadopenandtherunbloods.Hetorturedher.Hisdadtellshimnottodothat.AndherapesCeliewithherheadblooding.Actually,AlbertmarriesCelienotforlove,justbecauseheisinneedofaservanttotakegoodcarhisthreechildrenandCeliejustfitthis.ToCelie,themostdesperatethingisthatshenevergetsloveandcarefromhermother,instead,mherotherwhodoesn’tknowthetruthalwaysscreamstortuandreher.Aftershedies,Nettie,themostintimateinCewomanlie’slife,isseparatedfromCeliebyMr.Albert.Sincethen,Celiegetsnomessagefromherandthoughtshehasdied.Readingthroughtheoldletters,CelieMr.Aknowslbert’sevildeedswithNettieandherfamily’struth.Sheknowsthatherfather,whorapesher,isn’thernaturalfather;hernaturalfatherhasbeendeadbecauseheissucceedinginthefinancialbusinessinthewhitebusinessworld.CelieisangeredbyallthatGodhasallowedhappentoher.ShewritesherlastlettertoGodretellinghersufferingsandaccuGodofbeingsilence.Sheistotallydesperatetowhathashappenedonher.AsCeliecursesonMr.Albertforwhathehasdonetoher,shefindssomethingwhichshehasneverbeenawareof.Shehaslearnedthatthequalityoflifemustnotdepeontheoutsideworld;tobesurvived;tofindone’svalue;iswhatcolorpurplemeansfor.Celiecansurroundherselfinpurple,forsheisincontrolofKingdom.II.TheoreticalFoundation7

2.1TheDefinitionofFeminismFeminismreferstoamajorwoman’sexperiencesasthesourceandmotivationofsocialtheoryandpoliticalmovement.Critiqueofsocialrelations,manysupportersfeminismalsofocusontheanalysisofgenderinequalityandpromotewomen'srights,interestsandissues.Itrefalsoerstoasocialtheoryandpoliticalmovementwiththefemaleexperienceforitssourceinthesocialrelationsoutsidecriticism,manywomsocialistsupportersalsofocusesontheanalysisofthegenderinequalityandpromowomen'srightsandinterestsissuesoffeministtheoryaimstounderstandthenaturetheinequality,emphasisongender,politicalpowerrelationsandsexconsciousness(sexuality)onthethemeoffeministinquiry,includingdiscriminationstereotypematerialized(especiallyaboutsexandchemical)bodyhouseworkdistributionoppressionsandtheoppressionformthepatriarchy.Andinmyopinion,theFeminismwhichAliceWalkerdiscussedhasadeepermeaning.Itisacomprehensiveprotesttoallkindsofoppressionsystem(sexualoppressionandracialoppression).2.2TheDevelopmentofFeminismFeminisminthenineteenthcenturygraduallychangedtotheorganizedsocialmovementbecausemoreandmorepeoplebelievethatwomeninapatriarchalsocietyshouldtreatedequally.ThefeministmovementisrootedintheWesternprogressive,especiallythenineteenthCenturyreformmovement.Earlyfeministsandearlyfeministmovementisoftencalledthefirstwave,andaft1960feministcalledthesecondwave.Thereisalsotheso-calledthethird-wave,bfeministsforitsexistencenecessity,contributionandconceptdisagree.Thereasonwhytheseperiodsarecalledisbecausetheylikethewaves,oneafteranother;nevdiscontinuous,laterusedtheformerWalker'scontributionandresources.8

TheWesternFeminismcanbemainlydividedintothreegenerations:ThefirstgenerationofWesternFeminism:WesternFeminismoriginatedinFrancebourgeoisrevolutionandenlightenmentmovement,thesecondhalfofthenineteenthCenturytheemergenceofthefirstgeneration,andtheindustrialrevolutioninEuroistherepresentativeoftheBritishHarrietFrTylerenchfMill.emalewriterGorein1790issueda“DeclarationontheRightsofWomen”,17women'srights.Declarationlaterbecameaprogrammaticdocumentofthefeministmovement.M.Wollstonecraft,Britishwriter,publishedabook“DefenseforWomen'sRights”,in1792,proposedthatwomenshouldenjoyequaltreatmentwithmenineducation,employmentandpolitics.Until1920,theUnitedStatespassedabilltoprotectwomentherighttoTheinitialappealofwomenineducationandlegislationshouldbeequal.IntheUnitedStates,ElizabethCadyStantonNationalWomanSuffrageAssociationrepresented(NWSA)repeatedlyrequestedthefederalCongresstoallowwomentoparticipateinpoliticalpollingrepeatedlyrefusedtoencounter,eventuallyintheNineteenthAmendment(1920).Duringthisperiod,feminismisnotelevatedtotheleveloftheory,ismainlyanumberofpracticalandactivities“March8.InternationalThesecondgenerationofWesternFeminism:ThesecondstageisthemostimportantphaseoffeminismintheWeststage.Thefeministsfoundthatalthoughthewomeninthefieldofpoliticalandeconomicfightforequalityandeffortstoachisignificantresults,buttheunequalstatusofwomeninsociallifehasnotbeenfundamentallyimproved.Forexample,groupsofwomengettherighttovoteinpoliticsisstillainlowposition,occupationalsegregationandcareerdevelopmentprospectsofpoorhighlights,thecaseofequalpayforequalwork,equalemploymenbasicallyguaranteed.Thiscontradictionpromptedfeministthinkingindepth,forminauniquefeministtheory.Fromearly20thuntil1960s,theworldexperiencedtwoworldwars.Duringthisperiod,—AAfromericanwomanstillunderthecontrolofthe9

malesociety.Thechallengewhichtheyfacedisthepatriarchalsociety,challengesThethirdgenerationofWesternFeminism:PostmodernFeminism.PostmodernFeminismbeganinthelastcentury60-80age,herresultingpresumablytothefeministthought,hasbroughtnumerousfamilybreakdown,singlemothersandtheAIDSepidemic,sopeoplebegantoreflect:especiallyintheeliminationofbinaWhilerecognizingtheachievementsofthefeministmovementtoprotectwomen'srights,italsoquestionedtheotherhand;feministshavetriedtosubvertthetradifamilymodel.Post-modernfeminismisstillagrowthstage.Tryingtoeliminateinequalitybetweenmenandwomenonthebasisoftherecognitionofgenderdifferences,emphasizingthesocialnatureofgenderroles,theideaofequalitybetweenmenandwomenasaproductofpatriarchy.Thus,postmodernfeministemergeasthetimesrequire.10

III.AnAnalysisofFeminismintheNovel—TheColorPurple3.1TheThemeoftheNovelThecolorpurpleisafeministBildungsroman.IttellshowAfro—AmericanwomenfindthemselvesandfightforthemselvesthoughdescribingthesufferingsofwhatCeliehadexperienced.Whilerevealingpatriarchy’soppressionuponAfro—Americanwomen,feministspointoutthatwhiledisclosingtheoppressions,—AwhatmericAfroanmendonehadconsequentlydeepensAfro—Americanwomen’ssuffering.AsHrustonstatesTheirinEyeswereWatchingGod:“Sodewhitemanthrowdowndeloadandtelldeniggermanthuspickitup.Hepicksitupbecausehehasdoeto,sn’butttoteheit.Hehandittohiswomanfolks.Deniggerwomanisdemuleoftheworldssofarasahcansee.”AliceWalkertriestodisclosetheseoppressionsinherThenovels.ColorPInurple,Walkeralsoshowsushowracismexacerbatestheseoppressions—AmineriAfrocanfamily.Blackfeministwritersrevealracial,genderoppressionsbetweenthesexesimprovethegenderbinaryoppositionbetweenmenandwomen,longingforanideal,genderrelation.ThroughouttheseoppressionsthattheAfro—Americanwomensuffers,themainoppressionswereracialoppressionandsexualoppression.SexualOppressionuponBlackWomen3.1.1SexualoppressionhasagreatinfluencetotheAfro—Americanwomen.Theblackhasconsciouslyinthefaceofmodernsocietyofsexualdiscrimination.Comparedwithmen,blackwomen’sstatusesarelower.Theirmarginalizedstatusisnotonlycausedbyracialdiscrimination,butalsofrommalesocialgenderdiscrimination.11

AliceWalkerwrites:“Blackwomenarecalledinthefolklorethatsoaptlyidentifone’sstatusinsociety‘themuleoftheworld’,becausewehavebeenhandedtheburdensthateveryoneelserefusetocarry.”theColorInPurple,theonlychoiceforagirllikeNettietomakeis“eithertomarrysomebodylikeherhusbandorwindupinsomewhiteladykitchen.”(CP1987:17)Inapatriarchysociety,womenarethemainlaborforcebothathomeandinthefields.Althoughblackwomenarethemainlaborforceoftheblackfamily,theyhavenorightstheydeserve.Onthecontrary,theyareconstantlybeatenbytheirhusband.MX—Celie’shusband,instructshisson:“Wivesislikechildren.Youhaveolettknowwhogottheupperhand.Nothingcandobetteranagothodsoundbeating.”(CP1997:34)Mr.XbeatsCelie“l(fā)ikeherbeatthechildren.Ceptrhaherdlcontybeaevetthem.Hesay,Celie,gitthebelt.Thechildrenbeoutsidetheroompeekingthrougthecrack…”(CP1987:22)ThemenwhoexploitandoppresswomenareactingoutwhatDianaE.H.Russelltermsthe“masculinitymystique”—“Towin,tobesuperiortoconquer,andtocontroldemonstratemasculinitytothosewhosubscribetocommonculturalnotionsofmasculinity.”SincecoHarponfusedisbytheperfectcontrolthathisfatherexertsoverCelie,hefeelslessthanamanbecauseofhisinabilitytochiswifeSofia.Followinghisfather’sinstruction,HarpoingkeepsSofiaonanbeatdthisfinallyleadstotheirseparation.Exceptfortheheavyburdenandphysicalhurts,blackwomenaresexuallyabused.Inblackmen’seyes,blackwomenareheonlyinsttrumentsforthemtoreleasetheirbadmood.Theyjustenjoytheirownhappinessandtheonlythingleftforwomenistheuntoldsufferings.IntheColorPurple,inordertocontrolwomenundertheirpower,blackmenconstantlyimposetheirownconceptuponblackwomen.Celiehas“alwaysbeenagoodgirl.”(CP1987:3)Sheisso—goodnaturedevenhisstepfatherhastoadmitthat“shegoodwithchildren…Neverheardhersayahardwordtooneofthem.”(CP12

1987:12)SheselflesslyhelpstotakecareofShugwhensheisseriouslyill,althosheisherhusband’smistress;sheisalsoacleverstudentinschoolpraisedbyherteacher,shesaysthat:“l(fā)ongasshebeenateachersheneverknownobodytowantlearnbad”asher.Butherstepfatheresalwaysher.HabuseintroducesCelietoMr.X:“Sheain’tfresh…Shespoiled.Sheugly…SheistoooldtobelivingherathoAndshehasabadinfluenceonmyothergirls…Sheain’tsmarteither…Andanothething—shetelllies.”(CP1987:10)Inhiseyes,Celieis“evilandalwaysuptonogood”and“hecan’tstand”hrno19more.87:5)(CPShugisalsoagoodwoman.Shefollowsoneofthefewprofessionsopentoblackwomen:bluessinger;sheisindependenteconomicallybyhardworking;shesafeguardsherselfhood;sheassertsherownvalue;shedisplaysawisdomlearnediherworkinglivestoteachthegirlsshelovesnottoallowotherstouseorrevileindividualityandtellsthemenwhatshethinksoftheirweaknesses.Onethingthatcanfigureoutisthatoneofthestrategiestheblackmenemploytotakewomenundetheircontrolistodecrytheirreputationanddeprivethemoftheirconfidence.Ttryallthemeanstoletthewomenbelievethattheythemselvesarebadinnatureainborn,sotheydeserveanykind—trofeatillmentsblackmenexertonthem.InAfrica,men,evensomewomen,don’thinkgirlneedtobeeducated.WhenNettieasksamotherwhyshethinksso,shesaid,“Agirlisnothingtoherself,onlytohrhusbandcanshebecomeomsething.”(CP1987:132)WhenTashi,alittlegirlfriendofOlivia,Celie’sdaughterinAfrica,learnssomeknowledgefromOliviaandbecomesquietandthoughtful,herpatentsevengetupsetforbeingafraidthatshewillnointovillagelife.Inaddition,womenaredeprivedoftherighttochoosethewaystheirlivesfromtheirownfreewill.Inthenovel,itisCelie’sstepfatherwhochusbandforCelie.Heisherowner.Inascenereminiscentofaslaveaction,Celiepassedlikeapieceofpropertyfromonecreelanddomineeringblackmaleintothehandsofanother:13

TheColorPurpleistoexposethedoubleoppressionenduredbytheblackwomensothatthesolutiontothisproblemexistingintheblackcommunitycanpushforwarddevelopmentofblackpeople’sunity.ThemostsignificantforAliceWalkeristhatshadvanceshertentativesolution—feminisminthehopeofcuringthesocialdiseasesofracismandsexismandpromotingthedevelopmentofsociety.WalkerthroughthedescriptionofablackwomanseekingherdualidentityrevealstousthatonlyifblackwomenintheUnitedStatesintegratedblackblood,dothemastersoftheirowndestiny,hecreateshisown,cantheygetridofedgeposition,obtaintheirownidentity.3.1.2FightingforIndependenceAlthoughtheAfro—Americanwomenunderthecontrolofthepatriarchalsocial,theynevergiveupstrugglingfortheirownindependence.Theirindependencecanbediscussedmainlyfromthesetwoaspects:familialindependenceandsocialindependence.Inthepatriarchalfamily,womenarethelaborforcebothinsidethehouseandoutsiinthefield.Howevertheydidn’tgetwhattheydeservetoget,suchasequality,andrespect.Onthecontrary,theysufferedpainandmentaltorture.Whattheyhadexperiencedalsosowedtheseedsforthefutureoftheirresistance.Socialindependenceimpliesblackwomen’sindependenceinthesociety,includingeconomicalandpoliticalindependence.InAmerica,manyAfro—Americanwomenhavetodependonblackmenmainlyduetotheirmainstatusineconomy.Theyaregenerallydegradedtoobjectsandbecamethesecondarygenderinthesociety.Soexplorationforsocialindependenceisverysignificantforblackwomentochangetheirsocialstatus.IntheColorPurple,thefeministexplorestogainsocialindependencemainlybyusingthe—AfroAmericanwoman’spotentialability,which14

alsodisclosesthefeministicviewpoint—tomakefulluseofblackwomen’sstrongviewpointsandrealizingtheimportanceofgainingtheirownsocialindependence.NumberoneisCelie’s-iselfdentityandwomen'ssocialistmentalhealth.Identity,isoneofthemajorcontentsinwesternliterarycriticism,itadvocatesaccentedliteratureclassic,thethoroughanalysiscolonialhegemonyandmalecentraculturalrewritinghistorybetweenmenandwomenincolonialconflictstory.IfCeliecontinuetomaintainacallouslife,resigned,muddydisturbancetospendhlifego,then,thenthecharacterswillfallintothetraditionalliterature'smisHowever,Walkerdoesn’twanttofallintoformality.She,inaninterviewsaid:loveandlifeLiveunremittingpursuit,pourintotoliteraryworks,Celiefromdecayedtraditionalthoughttoemancipateherself,helpedherselftosetupthelifoptimismattitude,tobreakthetraditionalliteratureinthedescriptionofblackwFalseimage,namelyandtherealityofblackwomendidnotfitwiththeimage,Shapinganewblackwomen'simage.NumbertwoisCelie’sexploration:fromtherebellioustorebirth.InCeie’smindGodisomniscientandomnipotent.Afterthesesufferings,Godisthonlylistenerandsaviortoher,however,aftersent55letterstoGodandwithoutanswersbacktoher,Celiecouldnolongerbearit,sheevensaid:“WhatdidGodforme?—Heisabigdevil,hisbehaviorisjustlikeanyothermanIknow:frivolouforgetfulandcontemptible.”Thissentencerepresentsthefirstleapofhercharacdevelopment.ShenotonlychallengestheauthorityofGod’sbutalsochallengesthpatriarchy’sthought.15

Independentwomen,whorunawayfromherfamilyandthenreturntoitagain,willhaveadifferentfeeling.Afterthesuccess,sheforgivesherhusbandwhomonceabusedher,andthentheybecomeverygoodfriends.Althoughshedon’twanttorebuildherfamily,butinheropinion,herhusbandwasnotasdisgustingasbeforHerconcernaboutpersonaldestinycaresaboutgroupdestiny,fromthethinkingabouttheindividualvalue,personalsurvivalsignificancetoallmankindpainandliberationexploration.Shestoodattheheightofthehumanlife,overlookinghumalifeandrethinksthelife.Thishumanityspiritandhighlyresponsibilityreallymatorethinkonandtakeexampleby.NumberthreeisfromCelie’sheartjourneytoseeWalker’swomensocialistconnotationCelie’sselfidentityandwomen'ssocialistspiritismeaningful;ithastheidealwomanismoftheauthor.TheColorPurpledescribesagroupofblackwomenwhomrepresentativeisCelie,theypursueforequalrightsandpersonalidentity,struggenlargetheattentionrange.Walkerwrotetheblackwomanwhominthelowestsociallevel,what’smoreimportant,onthebasisofracialandsexualoppression;Walkeraddedtothenaturalelementandcombinesthemtogether.Committedtoachieveinterpersonal,manandnatural’sharmonioussurvivalmode.Moreover,Celie'stolerantandmindisuniversalloveiswhatWalker’sSocialistsoulplaces.Intheprocessofdifficultself-identityconstruction,pursuewomen'sspirithespiritoftolerancetoforgivethoseblackmenwhohadabusedthem;Blackmalealsoabandonedtheoriginalgreatman'sdoctrinethought,throughtheself-improvement,theynotonlyrealizethespiritoftheirownsurvival,butalsopromotedothercharactersinthenovel(especiallythefemalecharacter)completelivthusbringtheblackcommunitytoarebirth.16

Ineconomy,thewomanistquestsfor—reselfaizationformblackfemininehouseholdactivities,whichareusuallybelittledbyblackmalesorevenfemalesthemselvesbrelatingtorevelationsofblackwomenastheweaksexinthesociety.Thewomanistrealizesherlimitlesspotentialasablackwomaninher—thdailyewisdworkomandartisticcreativity,bywhichshegainsself—confidenceandself—support,andthusactualizesherindependenceinthesociety.Inculture,thewomanistquestsforinsocialdependencebyherownblackfemininetradition.Shepersistsinpresentinghercreativeartisticcharmasablackwomanherfemininecreativeactivities,suchasquilting,designingndWhimakinglepants.questingforblackwoman’sbeautyanditydignintheseartisticactivities,shegetsherculturalindependence.Moreover,CeliestickstospeakinghernativelanguageinsteaoftheStandardEnglish,whichalsoindicatesherpersistentexplorationforheroculturaltraditionandherculturalindependence.Attheendofthenovel,Celieachievesgreateconomicalsuccess;shesetsupherowcompanytoproduceallkindsofpantsdesignedbyher.Bymakingpants,Celiecreatesanewwaytomakeherlivingandcompletelyfreesherselffromsubordinatestatusineconomyandrealizes—herindselfpendenceinthesociety.Sheisnolongertheoppressed,exploitative,abusiveobject.Shecansaywhattossheay.wantsShefoundedherfemalesubjectivity,andeventuallybecamethewomanwhohasfullofconfidence,dignity,andpersonality.Fromthereversetostandonherown,Celieproducedverybigchange,afterawakeninghasmorestrongresistance.Sheinsistedonusingtheirownlanguagetoexpressthem,expressheranger,herjoyandherso3.2TheWritingTechniqueandRhetoricMethodoftheNovel3.2.1EpistolaryStyleEpistolarynovelisatypeofnovelinwhichtheauthoriscarryonbymeansofserofletters.Itisatraditionalfemininegenreassociatedwomenwith’svoice,feelings17

andtextualproduction.Letters,alongwithdiaries,arethedominantmodeofexpressionwhichwomenareconsideredtouseinthewest.Theletterisaformofnarrative,whichcom