2023年考研考博考博英語西南林業(yè)大學考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.問題1選項A.fulfillB.accomplishC.implementD.affect2.單選題Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.問題1選項A.projectsB.showsC.displaysD.rates3.翻譯題通過資料查閱、實地調(diào)研、數(shù)據(jù)分析和專家會商等途徑，篩選出適用于該地區(qū)的古樹健康診斷形態(tài)指標，確立各指標的分級依據(jù)，構(gòu)建古樹健康診斷標準，并依據(jù)該標準對滇中地區(qū)86株古樹（樹名暫略）的健康狀況進行診查。結(jié)果表明：古樹的健康狀況大多為良和一般，不同樹種有些許差異，其結(jié)果與古樹長勢強弱成正相關,能夠反映古樹健康的真實狀況，應用效果良好。此外，對影響古樹健康狀況的原因進行分析，并提出相應解決方法。4.翻譯題ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.5.單選題AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.問題1選項A.surelyB.eventuallyC.preciselyD.consequently6.單選題Thelossofhis______stemsfromgivingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.問題1選項A.credibilityB.cradleC.corruptionD.convention7.單選題Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.問題1選項A.dissipatedB.indulgedC.unscrambledD.took8.寫作題Inrecentyears,moreandmoreuniversitygraduatesgobacktotheirhometownintheruralareasandworkthereasteachersorvillagePartysecretaries,etC.afterobtainingtheirbachelorormasterdegrees.Somepeoplesaywhattheydogoesagainstconvention.Otherssaytheruralareasaredesperatelyinneedofskilledadministrators.Thenshoulduniversitygraduatesgotoworkinaruralarea?What’syouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteapassageonthetopicIsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaaWasteofTalent?inabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.（寫在試題冊上無效。）IsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaAWasteofTalent?9.單選題Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?”Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren'tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattenD.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage“affinityreunions”forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst“establishmentpolitics.”Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties—orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.1.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacino'sstudy___.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?3.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?4.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto___.5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?問題1選項A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffe’sstatementB.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudyC.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperienceD.foundevidenceforattendees'intensedesireforshowingoffsuccess問題2選項A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffone’srecentsuccessB.ReunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagenciesC.ClassreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusinessD.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities問題3選項A.ThevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunionB.ThespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoysC.SharedexperiencebeyondthecampusD.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus問題4選項A.introduceRonaJaffe’snovelB.presenttheauthor’scounterargumentC.serveaspreludetotheauthor’sargumentD.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions問題5選項A.AhistoricalperspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStatesB.ReasonsforpopularityandattendanceforalumnireunionsC.AlumnireunionsandAmericanuniversitytraditionsD.Alumnireunionanditssocialandeconomicimplications10.單選題TheHauntedAmericaCountriesarelikelittlehomes;theyhouseanation,holdideologiesandprovidesshelterandcomforttoitspeopleinhopesthattheoccupantswillnurturebetterideasforthemselvesandfurtherflourishhumanity.Suchareprimarydesiresandgoalsofmostcountriesonthissmallplanet.Americaisnoexception.Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.ThebestandbrightestoftheworldgravitatedtothegreatUSAinsearchofgoldenopportunities;inhordestheycame,andenmassetheysettleD.Americabecamethenationwhichacknowledgedgreatnessandprovidedthedrivingforcetoallowthedreamsofsmall,ordinarypeopletotakeformandflourish.Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（質(zhì)樸的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽靈）andunexplainablesignshaveemergeD.Thisplanet,likeanoldstreet,isalreadyfullofsuchhauntedhouses,whichattimesseemabandoned,lifelessandunabletogiveorreceiveneighborlywarmth;factorssocriticalforanycountryontheglobalscene.CanthisbadlydamagedimageofAmericabefixedtodayandbywhomandatwhatcost?Whatmustitinclude—anewcostume,anewmaskoranewheart?Theseareveryimportantunderlyingquestions,butthebiggestquestionremains—cananentirecountrybebrandedtotherestoftheworldinthesamefashionasabreakfastcerealorlaundrydetergent?Theanswerisaflatno.Onlythebranding-circuswouldcomeupwithsuchafake,superficial,logo-centric-slogan-happyattempttorebuildanationpaintedwithbannersandbillboards.Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.1.Americausedtobethoughtofas___.2.Americaisnowlikenedto___.3.Thewritersuggeststhat___.4.Accordingtothepassagethat___isNOTtrue.5.Themainrhetoricaldeviceofthispassageis___.問題1選項A.aparadisewithoutautocraticrulingB.aplaceofperfecthappinessC.alandofmarvelouschancesD.alloftheabove問題2選項A.anelegantandplainhouseB.anolddead-endstreetC.anoldhauntedmansionD.anabandonedandlifelessplanet問題3選項A.costumeandhearthavethesamefunctionB.laundrydetergentsharesthefashionofthecountry'sbrandC.historyestablishesabrandforitscountryD.logoandsloganplayakeyroleinshapingacountry問題4選項A.acountryshoulddevelopbetterpoliticallyB.depressedpeopleintheworldyearnedforAmericaC.therearemanyhauntedhousesinAmericaD.Americacannotbeidentifiedwithitstradition問題5選項A.simileandmetaphorB.parallelismC.echo-questionD.description11.單選題In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.問題1選項A.announcedB.followedC.deniedD.proclaimed12.單選題Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.問題1選項A.figureoutB.drawoutC.lookoutD.workout13.單選題Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.問題1選項A.intermsB.inthelongrunC.inviewD.invain14.單選題Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.問題1選項A.short-termB.acuteC.bitterD.long-lasting?15.寫作題Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.16.單選題Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.問題1選項A.strongB.deadC.dyingD.lethal17.單選題SusanTellertraveledandlecturedthroughoutthecountryto___educationandprofessionalskillssothatwomencouldenterthepublicworld.問題1選項A.advocateB.acquireC.proclaimD.prosecute18.單選題Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.問題1選項A.regularB.immediateC.prevalentD.temporary19.單選題McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,1itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichbrandsmadeup“l(fā)itteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“Wecondemnpeoplefordroppingthisfastfoodlitterinthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshave2messagesforthefastfoodindustry.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto3litteringbytheircustomers.”HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitter4“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduceunnecessarypackaging,headdeD.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesforthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchersorother5forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat6pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AspokesmanforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomersto7oflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereunder8inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits9forlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto10theimpactoflitteroncommunities,butitwas“stilldowntotheindividualcustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,despitehavingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptackletheissue.問題1選項A.releasingB.dischargingC.foundingD.launching問題2選項A.coherentB.pertinentC.consistentD.redundant問題3選項A.discourageB.forbidC.persuadeD.damage問題4選項A.continuedB.indicateC.remainedD.left問題5選項A.incentiveB.premisesC.stimulusD.proximity問題6選項A.convenientB.strategicC.nearD.eye-catching問題7選項A.proposeB.dissolveC.handleD.dispose問題8選項A.wayB.constructionC.pressureD.government問題9選項A.shoulderB.burdenC.turnD.responsibility問題10選項A.resolveB.dissolveC.minimizeD.dilute20.單選題TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?問題1選項A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworseB.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspectsC.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatementsD.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems問題2選項A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandrealityB.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluableC.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefiguresD.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems問題3選項A.theneedtoproduceresultsB.thelackoffinancialsupportC.theproblemofscientificresearchD.thedesiretosolveallproblems問題4選項A.influentialthemassmediacanbeB.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbeC.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefundsD.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims問題5選項A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreasesB.ItisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobeC.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconceptionD.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項fulfill“實現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”；B選項accomplish“完成；實現(xiàn)；達到”；C選項implement“實施，執(zhí)行；實現(xiàn)，使生效”；D選項affect“影響”。句意：經(jīng)理的工作不是做決定，而是執(zhí)行主管做的決定。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞makedecision（做決定），得知C選項正確。2.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項projects“計劃；設計”；B選項shows“展示，表演”；C選項displays“顯示”；D選項rates“比率；等級”。句意：他在過去五十年最好的賽車比賽中名列前茅。結(jié)合此處關鍵短語thebestcarracing（最好的賽車比賽），B，C選項意思相近可以排除，A選項projects（設計）也可排除，D選項rates（等級）最符合詞義。3.【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.4.【答案】中國夢，是習近平主席提出的指導思想。他認為，這是近代以來中華民族最偉大的夢想，這個夢想一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。中國夢的核心目標是實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興。具體來說，就是要實現(xiàn)國家富強、民族振興、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建設小康社會。只有國家全面科學發(fā)展，個人才能實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。同樣，只有每個人都充滿激情，中國夢才會美麗。5.【答案】B【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項surely“當然；無疑；堅定地；穩(wěn)當?shù)亍?；B選項eventually“最后，終于”；C選項precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。6.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項credibility“可信性；確實性”；B選項cradle“搖籃；發(fā)源地；發(fā)祥地；支船架”；C選項corruption“貪污，腐??；墮落”；D選項convention“大會”。句意：他之所以失去……，是因為他輕易地做出承諾，卻從不兌現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文givingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.（輕易地做出承諾，卻從不兌現(xiàn)）可以推測他不是一位守信的人，結(jié)合句意A選項正確。7.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項dissipated“消散；浪費”；B選項indulged“沉溺；滿足；放任”；C選項unscrambled“使……還原；譯出；理順，理清”；D選項took“拿；??；接受”。句意：我們經(jīng)?！覀兊木υ诂嵥榈墓ぷ魃?。根據(jù)單詞trivialoccupations（瑣碎的工作），可推測我們經(jīng)常會浪費我們的精力在一些瑣碎的工作上，結(jié)合此處語境，選項A為正確答案。8.【答案】略。9.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞“Sparacino'sstudy”可以定位到文章第三段中“Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattend.”，中文翻譯為：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇諾發(fā)現(xiàn)，作為高中生，參加者比那些選擇不參加的同學更受歡迎，更常被視為有吸引力，更多地參與課外活動。可以得知B選項“表明參與者往往在高中學習中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異”正確。2.細節(jié)事實題。由A選項“美國的班級聚會通常是炫耀自己最近成功的機會?！笨梢远ㄎ坏皆牡谌巍癈ertainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.”，中文翻譯為：當然，也有一些人回來向他們以前的同學展示他們做得多么好；還有一些人喜歡觀察他們同學身上發(fā)生的變化（當然，他們自己并不總是這樣）。但大多數(shù)參加班級聚會的人都是為了重溫年輕時的美好時光。因此可知A選項錯誤，符合題意。3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.”，中文翻譯為：決定參加校友聚會的校友們都有一個共同的身份，這個身份基于他們在一起度過的大學生時代。出于這個原因，那些以某種方式建立了共同紐帶的大學——例如，因為它們規(guī)模相對較小或特別有聲望——往往會吸引大量校友參加聚會?？芍狟選項“他們大學享有的特殊地位”正確。4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段“Inhernovelof‘Reunion,AmericanStyle’,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion‘ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?’”中文翻譯為：在她的小說《美國風格的重聚》中，羅娜?賈菲暗示，一次班級聚會“不僅僅是一次感傷的旅程。這也是一種回答隱藏在我們所有人內(nèi)心深處的問題的方式。他們比我做得好嗎?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.”，中文翻譯為：賈菲的觀察也許放錯了地方，但并不是完全沒有意義。判斷出C選項“作為作者論證的前奏?！闭_。5.主旨大意題。通讀全文判斷出答案為A選項“美國校友聚會的歷史視角”，D選項“校友聚會及其對社會和經(jīng)濟的影響?！睂儆谖恼碌谒亩?、第五段內(nèi)容，B選項“受歡迎和出席校友聚會的原因?！睂儆谖恼碌诙?、第三段的內(nèi)容，C選項“校友聚會和美國大學傳統(tǒng)?！睂儆谖恼碌诹?、第七段、第八段、第九段的內(nèi)容。10.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.”中文翻譯為：幾十年來，世界上有數(shù)十億人在可怕的環(huán)境中餓著肚子睡覺，經(jīng)常夢想著美國的自由和自由，他們把美國比作一塊偉大的土地，一個天堂和一個最終的目的地。以及第三段“Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.”中文翻譯為：不受限制，允許以非凡的自由發(fā)表偉大的言論，在人類歷史上沒有任何其他國家能夠在如此大的規(guī)模上匹敵。故判斷出答案選D。2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristinebutknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitionsandunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻譯為：但目前看來，這個美國國家的家園似乎開始像那座古老的宅邸，優(yōu)雅質(zhì)樸，但眾所周知是鬧鬼，坐落在那條死胡同的街道盡頭，那里出現(xiàn)了鬼魂、神秘的幽靈和無法解釋的跡象?？芍珹項正確，譯為“一所雅致樸素的房子”。3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第一段“Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.”中文翻譯為：實際上，國家不可能在如此簡單的過去過程中就打上烙印，因為國家的歷史和文化互動以及可出口的特性已經(jīng)在幾十年甚至幾百年的時間里打上烙印?？芍?，C項正確，譯為“歷史為國家樹立了品牌”。4.細節(jié)事實題。由C選項“美國有許多鬼屋”可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第三段中“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（質(zhì)樸的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽靈）andunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻譯為：但目前看來，這個美國民族的家園似乎開始像那座古舊的豪宅，優(yōu)雅質(zhì)樸，但眾所周知是鬧鬼，坐落在那條死胡同的盡頭，那里有鬼魂、神秘的幽靈和無法解釋的跡象?？芍颂幨且粋€比喻，故C選項不正確，符合題意。5.推理判斷題。A.simileandmetaphor“明喻和暗喻”；B.parallelism“平行；類似，對應”；C.echo-question“反問”；D.description“說明”。本文主要用的是比喻，因此可以推測出A選項正確。11.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項announced“宣布；宣稱”；B選項followed“跟著；聽從；繼承”；C選項denied“拒絕；拒簽”；D選項proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德國修道士馬丁?路德挑戰(zhàn)了某些天主教教義，宣布放棄對教皇的服從。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞challenged“挑戰(zhàn)”，可排除選項B，C選項不符合題意，也可排除。A選項雖有“宣布”的意思，但不夠正式，根據(jù)句意，推測馬丁?路德的宣布內(nèi)容應更為正式，得知D選項正確。12.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組。A選項figureout“了解，弄清楚”；B選項drawout“拉長”；C選項lookout“留神，小心”；D選項workout“解決出，算出”。句意：我不知道這些蔬菜怎么了，因為它們是今天早上剛摘的。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。13.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組。A選項interms“明確地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B選項inthelongrun“長遠；終究”；C選項inview“在視野范圍內(nèi)；在考慮中的；作為目標”；D選項invain“徒然；無效”。句意：當新政黨成立時，國會代表們焦急地等待來自莫斯科的賀電。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項A為正確答案。14.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項short-term“短期的”；B選項acute“嚴重的，[醫(yī)]急性的；敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；C選項bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充滿仇恨的”；D選項long-lasting“持久的；長期的，持續(xù)時間長的”。句意：我們知道，慢性疼痛會擾亂一個人的生活，導致從曠工到抑郁等一系列問題。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞chronic“慢性的；長期的；習慣性的”，得知D選項正確。15.【答案】略16.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項strong“強壯的”；B選項dead“無生命的；呆板的；廢棄了的”；C選項dying“垂死的；臨終的；瀕臨消亡的；快要結(jié)束的”；D選項lethal“致命的”。句意：判處死刑，蘇格拉底本可以逃脫但選擇喝……毒藥尋求真理。根據(jù)poison（毒藥），A，B，C項都不能與poison（毒藥）進行搭配，結(jié)合句意，選項D為正確答案。17.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項advocate“提倡，擁護；為……辯護”；B選項acquire“獲得；取得；學到；捕獲”；C選項proclaim“宣告，公布；聲明；表明；贊揚”；D選項prosecute“檢舉；貫徹；從事；依法進行；起訴；告發(fā)；做檢察官”。句意：蘇珊?泰勒在全國各地旅行和演講，宣揚教育和專業(yè)技能，使婦女能夠進入公共世界。根據(jù)句意，C選項正確。18.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項正確。19.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C第5題:A第6題:B第7題:D第8題:A第9題:D第10題:C【解析】1.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項release“釋放；放出；放走；放開；松開；使自由移動（或飛翔、降落等）；發(fā)泄；宣泄”；B選項discharge“卸貨；排出”；C選項found“創(chuàng)辦（組織）；建立（國家）；以……為基礎；熔化”；D選項launching“發(fā)射；發(fā)動；開始從事”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關鍵字newDirtyPigcampaign“新的臟豬運動”判斷出此處表達“發(fā)起……運動”，D選項正確。2.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項coherent“連貫的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B選項pertinent“相關的，相干的；中肯的；切題的”；C選項consistent“始終如一的，一致的；堅持的”；D選項redundant“多余的，過剩的；被解雇的，失業(yè)的；冗長的，累贅的”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關鍵字forthefastfoodindustry“快餐業(yè)”判斷出此處表達“和……有關的”，B選項正確。3.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項discoura