2023年考研考博考博英語北京航空航天大學(xué)考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)（）ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.問題1選項A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude2.單選題Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.問題1選項A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneously3.單選題Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（）byhiscolleagues.問題1選項A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.impracticalD.theoretical4.單選題IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay（）rolesinraisingchildren.問題1選項A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite5.單選題Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmallerscale,facespracticallyeverycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectofraisingthesortofsumneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow,andwhilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance,theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyonapermanentbasisforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntothepublic,invitingpeopletolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessisnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,andrequiresmoremoneythanisraisedthroughTheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanputintocirculationthesavingsofindividualsbothathomeandoverseas.Whenthesaverneedshismoneyback,hedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhichheoriginallyplacedit.Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbroker（證券經(jīng)紀(jì)人）tosomeothersaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney.ManyoftheservicesneededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbytheGovernmentorbylocalauthorities.Hospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,equipmentandnewdevelopment,iftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiremoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone.TheGovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthentoo,cometoTheStockExchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountrywhosejoborwhosestandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromthesavingsofthecountry.TheStockExchangeexiststoprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinance.1.Almostallcompaniesinvolvedinnewproductionanddevelopmentmust（）.2.Themoneywhichenablesthesecompaniestogoaheadwiththeirprojectsis（）.3.Whenthesaverswanttheirmoneybackthey（）.4.Alltheessentialservicesonwhichwedependare（）.5.TheStockexchangemakesitpossiblefortheGovernment,localauthoritiesandnationalizedindus-tries（）

.問題1選項A.relyontheirownfinancialresourcesB.persuadethebankstoprovidelong-termfinanceC.borrowlargesumsofmoneyfromfriendsandpeopleweknowD.dependonthepopulationasawholeforfinance問題2選項A.repaidtoitsoriginalownersassoonaspossibleB.raisedbythesellingofsharesinthecompaniesC.exchangedforpartownershipinTheStockExchangeD.investedindifferentcompaniesonTheStockExchange問題3選項A.askanothercompanytoobtaintheirmoneyforthemB.lookforotherpeopletoborrowmoneyfromC.puttheirsharesinthecompanybackonthemarketD.transfertheirmoneytoamoresuccessfulcompany問題4選項A.runbytheGovernmentorourlocalauthoritiesB.inconstantneedoffinancialsupportC.financedwhollybyratesandtaxesD.unabletoprovidefortheneedsofthepopulation問題5選項A.toborrowasmuchmoneyastheywishB.tomakecertaineverybodysavesmoneyC.toraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopmentsD.tomakecertaineverybodylendsmoneytothem6.單選題Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.問題1選項A.escapeB.refugeC.lifeD.hiding7.單選題Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.問題1選項A.prevailsB.provokesC.mediatesD.mandates8.單選題UnderethicalguidelinerecentlyadoptedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth,humangenesaretobemanipulatedonlytocorrectdiseaseforwhich（）treatmentsareunsatisfactory.問題1選項A.similarB.dangerousC.uncommonD.alternative9.單選題Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies—andothercreatures—learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”；andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological“drives”asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords，ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort，nototherwise.Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproducere-sultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements，suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren’sresponseinsituationwherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights一andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.Papousek’slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadethein-terestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthattheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem，inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.1.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich（）.2.Papouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy（）.3.InPapousek’sexperimentbabiesmadelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto（）4.Thebabieswould“smileandbubble”atthelightsbecause.（）.5.AccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflec-tionof（）.問題1選項A.aredirectlyrelatedtopleasureB.willmeettheirphysicalneedsC.willbringthemafeelingofsuccessD.willsatisfytheircuriosity問題2選項A.wouldmakelearnedresponsewhenitsawthemilkB.wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrinkC.wouldcontinuethesimplemovementswithoutbeinggivenmilkD.wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink問題3選項A.havethelightsturnedonB.berewardedwithmilkC.pleasetheirparentsD.bepraised問題4選項A.thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic“drives”B.thesightofthelightswasinterestingC.theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelightsD.theysucceededin“switchingon”thelights問題5選項A.abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworldB.thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneedsC.theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblemD.afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskills10.單選題Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan（）forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.問題1選項A.inspirationalB.educationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous11.單選題Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout“race”：howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the（1）phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.Wejudgeraceusually（2）thecoloringoftheskin：awhiterace，abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But（3）youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot（4）anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged，Thereis（5）inphysicalstructture,thebrainortheinternalorgansto（6）adifference.Therearefourtypesofblood.（7）typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe（8）?Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill（9）insize,butthisoc-curswithineveryrace.（10）doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain（11）examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak（12）Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad（13）brains.Mentaltestswhicharereasonably（14）shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.（15）equaleducationaladvantages,therewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandings,ei-theronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace（16）civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofagroupofpeople（17）enablethemtobehaveina/an（18）way.Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstances,buttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew（19）isbetterandhigherthananything（20）thepast問題1選項A.completeB.fullC.totalD.whole問題2選項A.inB.fromC.atD.on問題3選項A.sinceB.ifC.asD.while問題4選項A.speakB.talkC.tellD.mention問題5選項A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything問題6選項A.displayB.indicateC.demonstrateD.appear問題7選項A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some問題8選項A.sameB.identicalC.similarD.alike問題9選項A.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.vary問題10選項A.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.So問題11選項A.everB.thenC.neverD.once問題12選項A.healthB.bodyC.mindD.thought問題13選項A.bigB.smallC.minorD.major問題14選項A.trueB.exactC.certainD.accurate問題15選項A.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.GivenD.Following問題16選項A.makeB.causeC.moveD.turn問題17選項A.andB.butC.thoughD.so問題18選項A.ordinaryB.peculiarC.usualD.common問題19選項A.thatB.whatC.whicheverD.whatever問題20選項A.forB.toC.withinD.in12.單選題Themiserwillnotdonateanymoneytocharitybecauseheis（）.問題1選項A.greedyB.thriftyC.stingyD.careful13.單選題Whiletyping,Kathyhadahabitofstopping（）ogiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.問題1選項A.promptlyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.occasionally14.單選題Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.問題1選項A.cumulativeB.destructiveC.turbulentD.prevalent15.單選題Wearewritingtothemanager（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.問題1選項A.withtheexceptionofB.withthepurposeofC.withreferencetoD.withaviewto16.單選題Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingarewoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanim-age-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestot,butinreverse.ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotex-tiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecora-tionandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess:first,theartisttakesalockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthenrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Theoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppaperei-therbyhandorwithaprintingpress.Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyintheiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theim-geisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Anim-pressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothattheaperpicksuptheink.Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.Theword“prime”inline2isclosestinmeaningto().3.Theauthor’spurposeinparagraph2istodescribe().4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutengravingEXCEPTthatit().5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?問題1選項A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.C.Twotypesofprintmaking.D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.問題2選項A.principalB.complexC.generalD.recent問題3選項A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcenturyB.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustryC.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcutD.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope問題4選項A.developedfromtheartofthegoldsmithsB.requiresthatthepaperbecutwithaburinC.originatedinthefifteenthcenturyD.involvescarvingintoametalplate問題5選項A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.17.單選題Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparable（寓言）ofthissemi-animal,semi?humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnaturesandthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andtheli-on,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegiti-mategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthem-selvestobedeceived.1.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat（）.2.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates（）3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare（）

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is（）.5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust（

）.問題1選項A.thetruthmakesmenfreeB.peoplecanprotectthemselvesC.princesarehumanD.leadershavetobeconsistent問題2選項A.anyoneinpowerB.electedofficialsC.aristocratsD.sonsofkings問題3選項A.tootrustingB.reliantonforceonlyC.strongandpowerfulD.lackinginforce問題4選項A.admiredforhistrickeryB.nomatchforthelionC.pitiedforhiswilesD.consideredworthless問題5選項A.beprudentandfaithfulB.cheatandlieC.haveprincipletoguidehisactionsD.followthetruth18.單選題Therain（）ourspiritsbecausewewereplanningtogoforapicnic.問題1選項A.decreasedB.dampenedC.moistenedD.hampered19.單選題Ifyou（）thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.問題1選項A.takeoffB.keepoffC.getoffD.setoff20.單選題Deserts,dryareaswith（）novegetation,covermorethanone-thirdoftheEarth’slandsurface.問題1選項A.surprisinglyB.eventuallyC.permanentlyD.virtually第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】名詞辨析。句意：英語中的單詞，在曰常談話中幾乎用不到。altitude高度、海拔；latitude緯度；multitude多數(shù)；attitude態(tài)度。因此，C項符合句意。2.【答案】A【解析】副詞辨析。句意：盡管大多數(shù)的夢明顯是（）出現(xiàn)的，夢境活動也可能受到外界的影響。spontaneously自然地，不由自主地；simultaneously同時地；homogeneously同樣地；instantaneously即刻，突如其來地。因此，A項spontaneously符合句意。

3.【答案】C【解析】句意：他的想法總是被同事們認(rèn)為（）。condemn意為“譴責(zé)，反對”，表明其后的形容詞應(yīng)為貶義詞。A選項imaginative想象的，虛構(gòu)的；B選項ingenious聰明的，精巧的；C選項impractical不切實際的，不實用的；D選項theoretical理論上的。C選項impractical符合句意和邏輯。

4.【答案】B【解析】句意：在中國家庭里，（外）祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過程中充當(dāng)（）的角色。A選項incapable無能力的；B選項indispensable不可缺少的；絕對必要的；C選項insensible無感覺的；D選項infinite無限的，B選項indispensable符合句意。

5.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第一段指出：SOcompaniesturntothepublic,invitingpeopletolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureprofits（因此，公司轉(zhuǎn)向公眾，邀請人們借錢給他們，或是在企業(yè)中分一杯羹，以換取未來利潤的一份份額）。因此，D選項“依靠大眾作為資金來源”，符合題意。2.B。細節(jié)題。第一段指出：Thistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessisnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,andrequiresmoremoneythanisraisedthroughTheStockExchange（他們通過發(fā)行股票和股票來實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)）。因此B項“通過出售公司股份籌集”正確。3.C。細節(jié)題。第二段指出：Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbroker（證券經(jīng)紀(jì)人）tosomeothersaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney（相反，通過證券經(jīng)紀(jì)人出售股票給其他正在尋求投資機會的人，就可以讓資金回籠）。因此，C項“puttheirsharesinthecompanybackonthemarket”正確。4.B。推理題。第三段指出：Hospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,equipmentandnewdevelopment,iftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiremoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone（幾乎所有的服務(wù)都需要更多的資金來更好地運營，而不僅僅只是靠稅收）。因此推測，B項“不斷需要資金支持”正確。5.C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Government,localauthoritiesandnationalizedindus-tries”定位至第三段：TheGovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthentoo,cometoTheStockExchange（政府、地方當(dāng)局和國有工業(yè)因此需要經(jīng)常借錢以支撐主要的經(jīng)濟開支，然后需要轉(zhuǎn)向證券交易所）。因此，C項“籌集資金資助新的發(fā)展”正確。6.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脫；refuge避難；life生活；hiding躲藏，隱匿。句意：持不同政見者決定去國外。takerefuge為固定搭配，意為“避難，（以掩飾等手段）逃脫困境”，因此正確答案是B選項。

7.【答案】D【解析】動詞辨析。句意：政府（）在所有車中使用安全帶。prevail勝過，獲勝，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑釁；mediate調(diào)解，斡旋，居中；man-date授權(quán)，托管，強制。D選項“強制”符合句意。

8.【答案】D【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：根據(jù)國家健康研究機構(gòu)最近通過的道德準(zhǔn)則，人類的基因只有在治療方案無法滿足需求的情況下才可以改變。similar相似的；dangerous危險的；uncommon不尋常的，罕有的；alternative可供選擇的。選項D“可供選擇的”符合題意。9.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:A第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.文章第二段指出：Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.嬰兒學(xué)會做某些動作，是因為這些動作在周圍世界能產(chǎn)生成功結(jié)果，除此之外，并無其他獎勵。據(jù)此可知，嬰兒能學(xué)會做那些會給他們帶來成功的感覺的事情，C項正確。2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Papousek,studies”定位至第三段：Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure（有足夠牛奶喝的嬰兒盡管會拒絕牛奶，但仍會愉快地繼續(xù)做學(xué)會的動作）。因此，沒有得到牛奶的嬰兒會繼續(xù)做簡單的動作，C項正確。3.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段：Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights（普塞克很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果他們的動作能“打開”燈，四個月大的嬰兒也能學(xué)會左右轉(zhuǎn)頭）。因此，讓嬰兒轉(zhuǎn)頭是為了把燈打開，A項正確。4.根據(jù)題干“smileandbubble”定位至第四段：theywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthat...bringitunderintentionalcontrol（當(dāng)打開光源時，嬰兒們盡管會“咯咯笑著吐泡泡”，但他們有時不會轉(zhuǎn)過頭來緊盯燈光。普塞克推斷，讓嬰兒們感到愉悅的主要原因，并不是燈光，而是解決問題、掌握技巧獲得的成就感，是人類具有認(rèn)識世界和有意識控制世界的基本欲望）。據(jù)此可知，嬰兒會笑是因為他們成功地打開了燈，D項正確。5.根據(jù)題干定位至第四段：Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthattheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol（普塞克推斷，讓嬰兒們感到愉悅的主要原因，不是燈光，而是解決問題、掌握技巧獲得的成就感，是人類具有認(rèn)識世界和有意識控制世界的基本欲望）。據(jù)此可知，嬰兒從成功完成某件事中獲得的樂趣反映了人類想要了解和控制世界的基本欲望。10.【答案】A【解析】形容詞辨析。inspirational鼓舞人心的；educational教育的；excessive過度的；instantaneous即刻的。句意是：由于她是我的教授兼指導(dǎo)老師，不妨告訴你，她具有一種（

）力量，激發(fā)著她的學(xué)生超越自我的期望。因此，A選項符合句意。

11.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:B第4題:C第5題:C第6題:B第7題:A第8題:A第9題:D第10題:C第11題:A第12題:C第13題:B第14題:D第15題:C第16題:B第17題:A第18題:B第19題:A第20題:D【解析】1.考查上下文語義?？崭袼诰涞那耙痪涮岬絚ertainthings，因此whole（所有的；完整的）應(yīng)放在空格處與之對應(yīng)。2.考查固定搭配。句意：我們通常根據(jù)皮膚的顏色來種族。judgefrom意為“根據(jù)……作出判斷”，故B項符合句意。3.考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。句意：但是去除了皮膚，你就無法辨別一個人屬于哪個種族。B項if在空格處引導(dǎo)條件句。4.考查動詞詞義。句意：但是如果去除了皮膚，你就無法一個人屬于哪個種族。tell意為“辨別”，故C項為正確答案。其他三項中，A選項speak講，談；B選項talk說，討論；D選項mention提到，C選項tell符合句意。5.考查上下文語義。句意：去除了皮膚就無法辨別一個人屬于哪個種族，身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也差異。C項nothing意為“沒有什么”，故C項為正確答案。6.考查動詞詞義。句意：身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也沒有差異。A選項display顯示，陳列；B項indicate表明；指出；C選項demonstrate證明，顯示；D選項appear出現(xiàn)，B項indicate符合句意。7.考查上下文語義。句意：在每個種族中都可以找到血液類型，沒有哪種血型是某個種族獨有的。A選項All全部的；B選項Most大部分的；C選項No沒有的；D選項Some一些，所以A選項All符合句意。8.考查上下文語義。在每個種族中都可以找到所有的血液類型，沒有哪種血型是某個種族獨有的。因此推測空格處可能是說人腦也一樣。thesame意為“一樣，同上”，故A項為正確答案。9.考查動詞詞義。句意：大腦的大小會。A選項remain留下，保持；B選項increase增加，增大；C選項decrease減少，減??；D選項vary變化，不同。因此D選項vary符合句意。10.nor含否定意義，放在此空格處，句意為：大腦的大小和智力沒有任何關(guān)系。而且后面主謂倒置（部分倒置），故C項為正確答案。11.句意：檢測出的最大的大腦來自一個智力差的人。ever意為“曾經(jīng)，以前”，在空格處表示“有史以來”，故A項為正確答案。12.考查名詞詞義。句意：有史以來檢測出的最大的大腦來自一個差的人。A選項health健康；B選項body身體；C選項mind智力，頭腦；D選項thought思想，C選項mind符合句意。13.考查上下文語義。空格所在句的前面提到最大的大腦來自一個智力差的人，后面一句說Ontheotherhand，因此推測后面是說：另一方面，某些最杰出人士的大腦卻很小。B選項small意為“小的”，故B項為正確答案。14.考查形容詞詞義。句意：非常智力測驗表明種族間的智力沒有差異。A選項true真實的，正確的；B選項exact準(zhǔn)確的；C選項certain某一，已確定的；D選項accurate精確的。D選項accurate符合句意。15.句意：平等的教育條件，無論是哪個種族還是哪個地域的人，他們的平均排名沒有差異。A選項Provided如果；B選項Concerning關(guān)于；C選項Given如果有（機會等）；D選項Following之后，因此C項符合句意。16.考查動詞詞義。句意：每個種族的成員都會文明的倒退或進步。A選項make使產(chǎn)生，制造；B選項cause引起；C選項move移動；D選項turn使轉(zhuǎn)動，因此B選項cause符合句意。17.考查邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰涞木湟鉃椋号嘤?xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng)，使他們能夠以一種特有的方式行事。前后兩句為并列關(guān)系，故A項為正確答案。18.考查形容詞詞義。句意：培訓(xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng)，并且使他們能夠以一種方式行事。A選項ordinary普通的；B選項peculiar異常的；特有的；C選項usual常見的；D選項common共有的，普通的，因此B選項peculiar符合句意。19.考查定語從句。句意：他們總是可以重新開始或者繼續(xù)嘗試比以往更好的新事物。That在空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞something，故A項為正確答案。20.考查介詞。句意：繼續(xù)嘗試比更好的新事物。D選項inthepast意為“在過去；以往”，符合句意。12.【答案】C【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：這位吝嗇鬼是不會捐一點錢的,因為他

。greedy貪婪的；thrifty節(jié)儉的；stingy吝嗇的；careful謹(jǐn)慎的。故選C。13.【答案】D【解析】副詞辨析。句意：在打字的時候，凱西停下來梳理一下她柔順的長發(fā)的習(xí)慣。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；simultaneously同時地；eventually最終，最后；occasionally偶爾。因此，D項符合句意。14.【答案】B【解析】形容詞辨析。cumulative積累的；destructive破壞性的，毀滅性的；turbulent騷亂的，混亂的；prevalent普遍的。句意：颶風(fēng)是具有殺傷力的風(fēng)，其（）力量在于其能夠造成的物質(zhì)損壞。因此,B選項符合句意。

15.【答案】C【解析】短語辨析。句意：我們正在給經(jīng)理寫信，

近期在上述地址開展的維修工作。withtheexceptionof除……以外；withthepurposeof目的是；withreferenceto關(guān)于；withaviewto為了。因此，C項符合句意。16.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.文章開篇指出版畫的制作技法主要有木刻和雕刻兩種方式；接著在第二、三段分別介紹木刻、雕刻的起源、發(fā)展、制作過程；最后一段總說兩種方式的特點。所以，C項Twotypesofprintmaking（兩種版畫制作）正確。2.第一段指出：Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples（木刻和雕刻是版畫制作的兩種主要方式）。prime在這里指“主要的”，A項principal“主要的”正確。3.文章第二段主要講述了木刻的制作過程。C項“制作木刻的過程”準(zhǔn)確地概述了該段主旨。4.第三段指出：Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart，originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury（雕刻由金匠藝術(shù)中發(fā)展而來，發(fā)源于15世紀(jì)中期的德國和意大利北部地區(qū)）,所以A、C項正確；Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate...（圖案刻入到光滑的金屬板內(nèi)），所以D項正確。而B項在原文中沒有體現(xiàn)，所以選擇B項。5.題干問的是木刻和雕刻的共同點。最后一段指出：Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear（在原始的木塊或金屬板用壞之前，可以生產(chǎn)數(shù)百張復(fù)制品）。D項符合原文意思，因此正確。17.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.推理題。第一段指出：butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient，onemusthaverecoursetothesecond（只使用第一種方法是不夠的，還要使用第二種方法）。D選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一”符合題意。2.推理題。根據(jù)文章推斷,“Prince”指代的是A項“任何掌權(quán)的人”。3.推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ion”定位至第二段:...forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis，由此推測lion僅有力量但不能保護自己免入陷阱。因此B項正確。4.推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“fox”定位至第二段：Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.由此可知，狐貍是狡猾的，而且作者對此持肯定態(tài)度。因此A項正確。5.推理題。第二段指出：Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist…thosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest。因此作者認(rèn)為，精明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)該向狐貍學(xué)習(xí)，善于偽裝。B項正確。18.【答案】D【解析】動詞辨析。句意:下雨我們的熱情，因為我們本來要去野餐。Decreased降低，減少；dampened使...受挫；moistened弄濕；hampered妨礙。我們本來想去野餐，但是下雨妨礙了我們?nèi)ヒ安偷臒崆?。故選D。

19.【答案】B【解析】短語辨析。句意：如果你酒瓶和煙，你會更健康。takeoff脫掉，起飛；keepoff擋住，禁食，不接近；getoff下車；setoff出發(fā)，（使）開始。因此，B項keepoff符合句意，在此表示“遠離，戒掉，不接近”。

20.【答案】D【解析】副詞辨析。句意：（）沒有植被的沙漠和干旱地區(qū)，覆蓋超過三分之一的地球陸地表面。surprisingly令人驚奇地，令人吃驚地；eventually最終地；permanently永久地；virtually幾乎；事實上。D項符合句意。

第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Somejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat問題1選項A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggerationD.stimulation2.單選題Theprofessorgave（）instructionforcarryingouttheresearchproject.問題1選項A.explicitB.formidableC.afflictiveD.dominant3.單選題Somebiologistsarguethateachspecificallyhumantraitmusthavearisengraduallyanderratical-ly,andthatitisthereforedifficulttoisolatedefinite（）intheevolutionofspecies.問題1選項A.fluctuationsB.manifestationsC.predispositionsD.milestones4.單選題Themayorwasaskedto（）hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraisequestions.問題1選項A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge5.單選題Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.問題1選項A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant6.單選題Heistheauthorofthisnovelwithhigh（）inthecountry.問題1選項A.coherenceB.prestigeC.consequenceD.commitment7.單選題Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（）butfinallyapatternemerged.問題1選項A.fineB.graveC.genuineD.haphazard8.單選題Paperbacknovelsinthe1940’sand1950’softenhad

coverstoattractreaders’attention.問題1選項A.murkyB.luridC.legitimateD.pale9.單選題Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessagesthat（）welltohumanneeds.問題1選項A.adheresB.conformsC.satisfiesD.reflects10.單選題Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-steadofmechanically.問題1選項A.manuallyB.artificiallyC.automaticallyD.synthetically11.單選題Whenan'inventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible（1）ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheidea（2）,orpate