膠帶跑偏原因及糾正措施一、 導致皮帶跑偏的主要因素1、 膠帶的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型和工作條件（機架地基出現(xiàn)不均勻沉降、風霜雨雪的影響）2、 由驅(qū)動和張緊裝置所傳遞的功率和張力大小3、 膠帶接頭對準程度4、 非承載面存在灰塵和水5、 加載方向和落料點是否對中二、 各種跑偏原因及對策措施1、所有膠帶在機架的某一部位向一側(cè)跑偏。Oneormoreidlersimmediatelyprecedingtroublepointnotatrightanglestothedirectionofbelttravel.一個或多個拖輥在前述故障點上延膠帶運動方向角度不正Advance,inthedirectionofbelttravel,theendoftheidlertowhichthebelthasshifted.Squareidlers.首先延著膠帶運動方向，對膠帶跑偏的哪一側(cè)托輥進行方形校正Conveyorframeorstructurecrooked.皮帶機架彎曲Stretchstringalongedgetodetermineextentandmakecorrection.沿機架邊緣拉一條直線來判斷彎曲程度，然后進行校正。Oneormoreidlerstandsnotcenteredunderbelt.一個或多個拖輥不正Centerthem.Sameasabove.校正拖輥Stickingidlers.拖輥粘滯Cleanandlubricate.清理和潤滑拖輥Beltrunsoffterminalpulley.Checkterminalpulleyassignment.Checkalignmentsofidlersapproachingterminalpulley.Buildupofmaterialonidlers.物料粘結(jié)在拖輥表面Cleanthem.Installcleaningdevice.清洗掉物料 安裝清理設備Structurenotlevelandbelttendstoshifttolowside.機架不平導致皮帶向較低一側(cè)偏移Levelstructure.調(diào)平機架2、膠帶的某一段沿整機向一側(cè)跑偏。Beltnotjoinedsquarely.皮帶接頭不正Squareends/resplice.調(diào)正接頭Bowedbelt.皮帶彎卷Tensionitorreplace.張緊皮帶或更換3、 膠帶在較長距離一段機架位置向一側(cè)跑偏。Loadbeingplacedonbeltoff-center.落料點偏離皮帶中心Adjustchuteandloadingconditionssoastoplaceloadinthecenterofbelt.調(diào)整溜槽或落料點使物料落在皮帶中心'Conveyorframeorstructurecrooked.皮帶機架彎曲Straightenit.調(diào)直機架4、 膠帶無規(guī)律跑偏。Belttoostifftotrain.皮帶太硬無法調(diào)整Useself-aligningidlers.Increasetension/conformstocrowns.Usemoreflexiblebeltonreplacement.采用自調(diào)偏拖輥增大牽引力用柔韌性好的皮帶替換Tilttroughingidlersforward,butnotover2degrees.Usemoretroughablebelt.槽形拖輥向前翹起，但不超過2度需用更多的槽形拖輥CombinationofcauseslistedunderParagraphs2and3.Correctloadingfirst.Othercausescanthenbeidentifiedandcorrected.首先調(diào)整落料點，然后再考慮其它辦法三、整機糾偏順序Thebasic,andprimaryruleoftrackingaconveyorbeltissimply"THEBELTMOVESTOWARDTHATENDOFTHEROLLITCONTACTSFIRST撿查膠帶首要的、基本的原貝0是“膠帶朝與托輥最先接觸的一端運動”TheNORMALSEQUENCEoftrainingistostartwiththereturnrun,workingtowardthetailpulley;followingwithtopruninthedirectionofbelttravel.Startwiththebeltempty.Aftertrackingiscompleted,runthebeltwithafullloadandre-checktracking.檢查膠帶的正常順序是先從下皮帶開始，向機尾處檢查；隨后延皮帶運行方向檢查上皮帶。先空

載檢查，之后再帶載檢查。TRACKINGADJUSTMENTisdonewhilethebeltisrunningandshouldbespreadoversomelengthoftheconveyorprecedingtheregionoftrouble.Permitthebelttorunforseveralminutesandatleastthreefullbeltrevolutionsafteridlerhasbeenadjustedtodetermineifadditionaladjustmentisrequired.Ifthebelthasover-corrected,itshouldberestoredbymovingbackthesameidler,andnotbeshiftingadditionalidlersorrollers^在皮帶運行時對前述故障區(qū)域進行調(diào)整，在拖輥調(diào)整后如還需進行額外調(diào)整，皮帶應先運行至少三圈。如果皮帶調(diào)整過頭，需要及時對所調(diào)過的拖輥進行恢復，不能調(diào)整其它拖輥或輥筒。enlarge#1enlarge#2Conveyortroughingidlersareofferedinawidevarietyofstyles.Troughinganglesinclude20°,35°,&45°.Thestandsareprimarilytwo(2)typesandvarywitheachmanufacturer.皮帶槽形托輥有多種類型。槽角有20°、35。和45°。常用的主要有兩種，隨制造商不同而變化1."Straight"(over90°)Thisstandhasnotilt,andisdesignedfortheconveyorbeltstoruninbothdirections.Ithasnorealassistinbelttracking1、“直角托輥架”（90°）這種托輥架與機架垂直，不向前傾，適用于雙向運行皮帶。在皮帶調(diào)整方面沒有多大作用.enlarge#1enlarge#22."Tilted"(2°)Inthedirectionofbelttravel.Conveyorbeltsaretoruninthisdirectiononly.The2°tiltoffersgoodresultsinconveyorbelttracking.2、“帶傾角托輥架”在皮帶運行方向上，皮帶只能在傾斜方向運行。這種2°的傾角在皮帶運行時產(chǎn)生良好的效果。Straightstandscanbetilted2°forwardbyplacinga1/8"thickwasherunderthebacksideofidlerstandindicatedbyarrows.Remember,thisconveyoronlyrunsinonedirection.如圖中箭頭所示：通過在托輥后安裝一個1/8"厚的墊圈，使托輥架向前傾斜2°。注意，這種皮帶只能向一個方向運行Manytimesonreversingconveyors,thebeltrunsgreatinonedirection,onlytorunoffwhenreversed.Question?Whatareyouusing?Ifyouareusingtiltedstands,theyaregoodforonedirectiononly大多數(shù)情況下，配置這種托輥的皮帶在單一方向上運行的很好，只是在皮帶反轉(zhuǎn)時才出現(xiàn)問題。有什么問題嗎？你們用的是什么托輥？如果你們正在使用傾斜托輥架，它們只會在

一個方向運行。Onreversingconveyorswheretiltedstandsarealreadyinserviceandgivingproblems,youcanneutralizethetiltbyplacinga1/8"thickwasherunderthefrontsideoftheidlerstandoppositethesideindicatedbyarrows.Nowwiththetiltedstandsneutralized,youcanrunyourconveyorbelteitherdirection.在雙向運轉(zhuǎn)皮帶上如果安裝了這種傾斜托輥并且出現(xiàn)問題，如圖所示，可在托輥架傾斜的反方向上安置一個1/8〃厚的墊圈來調(diào)整?，F(xiàn)在隨著托輥架傾角的改變，皮帶可以進行雙向運行了。enlargeTheonlypartofthetroughingidlerthathsanytrainingeffectontheconveyorbeltisthecenterrollindicatedbythearrow.Re-readthisstatement.enlarge#3enlargeTherollersindicatedbythearrowsintheconveyorbelteither20°,35°offerloadsupport,butdonothaveeffectontheconveyorbelt.formthetrougl,or45°.Theyanytraining如圖中箭頭所示：兩側(cè)托輥的傾角有20°它們起支撐作用，但對皮帶運行無實質(zhì)影響。、35#3enlargeTherollersindicatedbythearrowsintheconveyorbelteither20°,35°offerloadsupport,butdonothaveeffectontheconveyorbelt.formthetrougl,or45°.Theyanytraining如圖中箭頭所示：兩側(cè)托輥的傾角有20°它們起支撐作用，但對皮帶運行無實質(zhì)影響。、35?；?5°#4Thisexampleaccountsforthelargestsinglecauseofconveyorbelttrackingproblems.Youwillnotetha「theconveyorbeltdoesnotcontactthecenterrollofthetroughingidlerwhichistheonlypartofthetrougingidlerthathasanytrainingeffectontheconveyorbelt.Youcanturnthistroughingidleruntilyouareblueinthefaceandyouwillseenoresults.#5 本例說明了在皮帶運行過程中發(fā)生的大量重復性問題的原因。你會注意到皮帶不接觸中心托輥，而我們說中心托輥是對皮帶運行產(chǎn)生實質(zhì)影響的部分。你可以調(diào)節(jié)托輥卻沒有任何結(jié)果，即使調(diào)到你臉色發(fā)藍也是如此。Howmanytimeshaveyouheardthissaying?MyconveyorrunsgreatemptybutwhenIputaloadonit,

thebeltgoescrazy.Well,letslookatourexampleindicatedbythearrow.Thereisnocneterrollcontactuntilyouputaloadontheconveyorbelt.Atthistimetheweightoftheloadmakestheconveyorbeltcontactthecenterrollswhichareturnedinalldirections.Nowthetrainingeffecttakesplaceandtheconveyorbeltdoeswhatitistoldtodobythecenterrollofthetroughingidler.你聽過多少次這樣的說法了？“皮帶空載時運行很好，但一旦帶載后，就會出現(xiàn)很多問題”。是的，如圖中箭頭所示，讓我們看看例子。在皮帶未帶載之前，中心的托輥沒有與皮帶接觸。一旦帶載后物料的重量使皮帶與中心托輥接觸，在此之前，中心托輥可以任意旋轉(zhuǎn)?，F(xiàn)在實質(zhì)性的影響發(fā)生了，皮帶會延著中心托輥設定的路線運行。Thisexampleshowsthecorrectconveyorbeltcontactwiththecenterrollofthetroughingidler.theconveyorbeltshouldnotjustbarelytouchthecenterrollsbutshouldtouchhardenoughtoflattentheconveyorbeltoverthewholerollsface.enlarge 本例顯示了皮帶與中心托輥的正確接觸方式。在帶載之前皮帶幾乎不與中心托輥接觸，但在帶載之后，皮帶中心平#6 展，幾乎與中心托輥緊緊貼在一起。Itmaybenecessarytoshimrollerframesseveralinchestocontactcenterrolls.Concavecurvesinconveyorshavethetendencytolifttheconveyorbeltsoutofthecurvesandthetroughingidlers,resultinginBigProblems.也許將中心托輥墊高幾英寸來使皮帶與中心接觸是必需的。這樣形成的凹曲線在運行中有使皮帶脫離槽形托輥和機架形成的軌跡，結(jié)果造成大問題。enlargeWhichwaydoweturnoradjustidlerstomoveconveyorbeltstoacorrectiveposition?Theeasiestwaytorememberistothinkofthetroughingidlerorflarollsasbeingthehandlebardonabicycle.Looka-theconveyorbeltinthedirectionofbelttravelandsteertheidlersinthesamewayasbicyclehandlebarsuntilyoumovetheconveyorbelttothedesiredenlargeposition.Thetrainingefortiscausedbythefriction#7forceofthescruffingactionoftheconveyorbeltasitpassesoverthecockedidler.#7調(diào)整托輥或皮帶應采用哪種方法呢？最簡單的辦法就是把槽形托輥或平行托輥想像成自行車車把。延皮帶運行方

向看著皮帶，就像駕駛自行車一樣駕駛著托輥，將皮帶移動到你想要到的方向。移動形成的摩擦力對皮帶進行了調(diào)整，這時可忽略托輥的存在。enlargeThisexampleshowsatroughingidlerwiththeconveyorbeltrunningtothefarright.Thecorrectadjustmentwouldbedrivingthesideofthetroughingidlerforwardasindicatedbythearrow.Smalladjustmentsshouldbemadeandtheconveyorbeltshouldmaketwo(2)revolutionsbeforemoreadjustmentsaremade.enlarge本例顯示了皮帶向右側(cè)跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是：將托輥架向圖中箭頭所指方向移動。調(diào)整時幅度要小，此時在更多調(diào)整之前皮帶可能會產(chǎn)生兩種結(jié)果。Thisexampleshowsatroughingidlerwiththeconveyorbeltrunningtotheleft.Thecorrectadjustmentwouldbedrivingthesideofthetroughingidlerforwardasindicatedbythearrow.#9Thisexampleshowstwo(2)flatreturnrollswithconveyorbeltrunningfarright(toproll)andconveyorbeltrunningfarleft(bottomroll).Thecorrectadjustmentswouldbedrivingtheendoftheflatreturnrollforwardasindicated.本例顯示了兩種平行回程托輥向右(機頭)和向左(機尾)跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是延箭頭所指移動托輥一端。enlarge#10本例顯示了皮帶向左側(cè)跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是：將托輥架向圖中箭頭所指方向移動。#9Thisexampleshowstwo(2)flatreturnrollswithconveyorbeltrunningfarright(toproll)andconveyorbeltrunningfarleft(bottomroll).Thecorrectadjustmentswouldbedrivingtheendoftheflatreturnrollforwardasindicated.本例顯示了兩種平行回程托輥向右(機頭)和向左(機尾)跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是延箭頭所指移動托輥一端。enlarge#10enlarge#11enlarge#11Thisexampleshowsatailpulleywiththeconveyorbeltrunningtothefarleft.Thecorrectadjustmentwouldbetomovethesideindicatedbythearrow.Fortrainingpurposes,thetailpulleybelongstothereturnsideorbottomsideoftheconveyor.本例顯示了皮帶運行過程中機尾滾筒向左跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是延圖中箭頭所指方向進行調(diào)整。為了訓練目的，將機尾滾筒看作皮帶的回程部分或皮帶下部。Note:Thetailpulleyshouldneverbeusedinanefforttotraintheconveyorbelt.thetailpulleyshouldbe

leftsquare.Thelastreturnrollcomingtothetailpulleyandthefirsttroughingidleronthetopsideoftheconveyordeterminehowtheconveyorbeltrunsorcentersonthetailpulley.注意：在皮帶調(diào)試時，一般不需要調(diào)整機尾滾筒。機尾滾筒是用來保持機架成方形的。靠近機尾滾筒的第一個回程托輥和靠近機頭滾筒的第一個上托輥決定皮帶的運行及機尾滾筒的中心。enlarge#12Thisexampleshowsatailpulleywiththeconveyorbeltrunningtothefarright.Thecorrectadjustmentwouldbetomovethesideindicatedbythearrow.本例顯示了機尾滾筒處皮帶向右跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是按圖中箭頭所示進行調(diào)整。enlarge#13Thisexampleshowsheadpulleywithconveyorbeltrunningtofarright.Thecorrectadjustmentwouldbetomovethesideindicatedbythearrow.Fortrainingpurposes,thteheadpulleybelongstothetopsideorcarryingsideoftheconveyor.本例顯示了機頭滾筒處皮帶向右跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是按圖中箭頭所示進行調(diào)整。機頭滾筒屬于皮帶頂部或帶載側(cè)。__%enlarge#14Thisexampleshowsaheadpulleywiththeconveyorbeltrunningtothefarleft.Thecorrectadjustmentwouldbetomovethesideindicatedbythearrow.本例顯示了機頭滾筒處皮帶向右跑偏的情形。正確的調(diào)整方法是按圖中箭頭所示進行調(diào)整。enlargeThecenteringoftheconveyorbeltasitpassesoverthetailpulleyandthecenteringoftheloadonthconveyorbeltasitpassesundertheloadingpoint,arethetwomostimportantfactorsinassuringastraightrunningconveyorbelt.決定皮帶運行平直的兩個最重要的因素是：當皮帶通過機尾滾筒時的中心以及當皮帶帶載時帶載點的中心位置。ie#15

#16enlarge#17enlarge#18Thisexampleshowsconveyorbeltrunningcenteredontheconveyortroughingidlers,buttheloadingchuteisoffcentertotherightoftheconveyorbelt.T1resultistheconveyorbeltwillstartmovingtotheleft.#16enlarge#17enlarge#18本例顯示了皮帶延中心運行，但當落料點偏離了皮帶的中心時情形。這種情形的結(jié)果是皮帶將向左跑偏。Thisexampleshowstheconveyorbeltfinallytrackingofftotheleftsideoftheconveyor,spillingmaterialtheentirelengthoftheconveyor.本例顯示了皮帶嚴重向左跑偏后的情形，物料延皮帶全長灑落。Thecorrectionwouldbetorelocatethechutetothecenteroftheconveyorbeltorbaffleanddiverttheflowtothecenter.改正的措施是將入料溜槽修正到皮帶中心或者移動皮帶的中心'。Thisexampleshowstheapproximateamountofsagoireturnrollersrequiredforgoodtracking.Sagisregulatedbytheamountofweightplacedonacounterweighttakeuportheamountofforceappliedtoascrewtakeup.Thetakeupservesfourneeds:Takeupmaintainsslacksidetensiononconveybelttopreventslippingondrivepulley.Compensatesforvariationsinthebeltlengthresultingfrombeltstretchorshrinkage.Reducesexcessivesagbetweentroughingandreturnrollers.Takeupprovideslivestorageforextrabeltingwhichcanbeusedforresplicing.本例顯示了保持皮帶良好運行狀態(tài)在回程皮帶上所需要的懸垂度。皮帶的垂度通過安裝在皮帶張緊裝置上一定數(shù)量的重物來保持或通過螺旋調(diào)整裝置來保持。張緊裝置起到四種作用：1、保持皮帶在機頭滾筒上張緊力；

2、 補償皮帶由于伸長或收縮產(chǎn)生的變化；3、 減少上下托輥之間產(chǎn)生的額外懸垂度；4、 提供皮帶在安裝時所需要的額外有效儲存。enlarge#19Concaveconveyorswillheadyourlistofproblemconveyors.Thisisduetothefactthattheconveyorbeltwillliftoffthetroughingidlersandreturnrollsasindicatedbythedottedlines.Therewillbelongdistancesofnorollercontactadlackoftraining.帶凹弧曲線段皮帶將是所有皮帶問題中的首要問題。如圖中箭頭所示，皮帶與上下托輥不再接觸，這樣導致皮帶在較長的距離內(nèi)沒有托輥。Thebeststartonsolvingthisproblemwillbereducingthecounterweight(ifpossible).Youmayalsoalternatereturnrollsoverandundertheconveyorbeltonthereturnsidetoassuregoodrollercontactandtracking.(seenextexample)解決這一問題的最好辦法是減少張緊裝置的重量(如果可能的話)。也可以將回程皮帶側(cè)的前后托輥進行替換以確保皮帶與托輥保持良好的接觸。(見下例)Genlarge#20Exampleshowsreturnrollsalternatedoverandunderconveyorbelttoassuregoodbeltcontact.Techniquecanbeuseconcavecurveswhereconveyorbeltwillliftoffreturnrollersonreturnside(seenextexample).Thistechniquemayalsobeusedonbowedconveyorbeltswhichonlycontactreturnrollsontheveryedgesoftheconveyorbelt.Thistypeofcontactmakestheconveyorbeltimpossibletotrain,butbyneutralizingthebow.theconveyorbeltcanbetrained.本例顯示將回程皮帶上下托輥替換以保持皮帶與托輥的良好接觸。在回程皮帶側(cè)皮帶脫離托輥的地方可以采用技術(shù)方法解決(參看下例)。這種技術(shù)在弓形皮帶上也有應用，這種弓形皮帶只在回程皮帶的邊緣才與托輥接觸。這種類型的接觸使皮帶有可能通過下壓弓形部分來進行調(diào)節(jié)。enlarge#21enlarge#21Thisexampleshowsaconveyorbeltthatisundertheinfluenceofexcessivecounterweight.Excessiveweightwillcausetheedgesoftheconveorbelttocurluponthetroughingidlersonthetopsideoftheconveyorandcurldownonthereturnrolsonthebottomsideoftheconveyor.本例顯示了增大張緊配重對皮帶的影響。增加配重后將使上皮帶在槽形拖輥上向上卷曲，下皮帶在下拖輥上向下卷曲。Reductionofcounterweightwillrelaxthebowing,butitmaybenecessarytoimplementthetechniqueshowninpriorexampletoreturnside.減小配重會減少卷曲，但是前例中回程皮帶的狀況表明實行這種技術(shù)是必需的。 enlarge#22Whenreducingcounterweighttorelaxconveyorbeltsinconcavecurvesorjusttogetthepropersagonrollersfortracking,itisimperativethatthedrivepulleysontheconveyorbelaggedwitha60durometerrubbermaterialtopreventslippageoftheconveyorbeltonthedrivepulley.Wateranddustactaslubricantsonthedrivepulleyandcausetrackingproblems.Chevrongroovesinthelaggingcoverwillassistwiththeirremoval.Thechevrongroovedpulleyaboveisaonedirectionalpulley.Ifitisinstalledwiththechevronsrunninginthewrongdirectionorisusedonareversingconveyor,trackingproblemswillmostlikelyoccur.Wateranddustwillbechanneledtothecenterofthedrivepulley.Onreversingconveyors,adiamondpatternofgroovesmustbeusedtoshedmaterialineitherdirectionofrunning.enlarge#22當在凹弧曲線段皮帶上減小配重或使皮帶在運行時保持必要的懸垂度時，機頭驅(qū)動滾筒需覆蓋60硬度的橡膠以阻止皮帶懸垂的影響。機頭滾筒上的水、灰塵以及潤滑劑會導致皮帶出現(xiàn)問題。滾筒包膠上的凹槽能避免皮帶的相對移動。機頭滾筒上的包膠延單向布置。如果機頭滾筒上的包膠方向錯誤或應用于雙向運轉(zhuǎn)皮帶，就很可能發(fā)生問題。水或灰塵會進入機頭滾筒上的橡膠凹槽內(nèi)。在雙向皮帶上要應用菱形花紋的驅(qū)動滾筒，這樣可使皮帶向任意方向運送物料。

Ifyouhavereducedcounterweight,andconveyorbeltslippagetakesplaceonthedrivepulley,otherstepswillhavetobetaken.Toaddthe