新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)（下）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)及句型總Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots？fewerpeople更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示否定）lessfreetime更少的空閑時(shí)間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定）intenyears10年后（in的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)用于將來(lái)時(shí)，提問(wèn)用Howsoon）fallinlovewith…愛(ài)上……例：WhenImetMr.XUforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithhimatonce.當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到許老師，我立刻愛(ài)上他。livealone單獨(dú)居住feellonely感到孤獨(dú)（比較：livealone/goalone等）Thegirlwalkedalonealongthestreet,butshedidn'tfeellonely.那女孩獨(dú)自沿著街道走，但她并不感到孤獨(dú)。keep/feedapetpig養(yǎng)一頭寵物豬上月球hundredsof+復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)百/幾百（概數(shù)，類似還有thousandsof;millionsof）thesameas和……相同AbedifferentfromBA與B不同（=Thereisadifference/ThgerearedifferencesbetweenAandB）wakeup醒來(lái)（wakesb.up表示“喚醒某人”）getbored變得厭倦（get/become是連系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞如tired/angry/excited等）goskating去滑冰（類似還有g(shù)ohiking/fishing/skating/bikeriding等）lotsof/alotof許多（修飾可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞都可以）attheweekends在周末computers在家通過(guò)電腦學(xué)習(xí)意某人（的意見(jiàn)）Idon'tagree.=Idisagree.我不同意。onapieceofpaper在一張紙上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等?？嫉降牟豢蓴?shù)名詞）onvacation度假helpsbwithsth/helpsbdosth.幫助某人做某事manydifferentkindsofgoldfish許多不同種金魚liveinanapartment住在公寓里；liveonthetwelfthfloor住在12樓liveat,ShanghaiStreet住在上海路332號(hào)asareporter作為一名記者looksmart顯得精神/看起來(lái)聰明你在騙我嗎？將來(lái)/在未來(lái)nomore=not…anymore不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)多次發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不再發(fā)生）nolonger=not…anylonger不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)不再發(fā)生）besides（除 之外還，包括）與except=but（除 之外，不包括）beableto與can臺(tái)匕?能；會(huì)（beableto用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中；haveto用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）例如：Ihavebeenableto/willbeabletospeaktwolanguages.（不可以用can）hadtostayathome/willhaveto（不可以用must）bebigandcrowded大而且擁擠beincollege在上大學(xué)station住在空間站得很隨意；casualclothing休閑服飾winthenextWorldCUp贏得世界杯；Winaward獲獎(jiǎng)cometrue變成現(xiàn)實(shí)takehundredsofyears花幾百年的時(shí)間befuntowatch看起來(lái)有趣overandoveragain一次又一次beindifferentshapes形狀不同twentyyearsfromnow今后20年本單元目標(biāo)句型：Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein1000years？Therewillbefewertrees、morebuildingsandlesspollutioninthefuture.fewer；less表示否定之意，分別修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；more二者都可以修飾。schoolNo,theywon't/Yes,theywill。futurecanbedifficult.smartformyjobinterview.dressmorecasually.HongKongonvacation,andvisitAustralia.teenagersdoforfuntwentyyearspossiblenow,butcomputers,evenelectricseemedimpossibleahundredyears將來(lái)時(shí)PredictingtheIneedtolookIwillbeabletoIthinkI'llgotoonedayImightevenWhatwillfromnow？Thatmaynotseemspacerocketsandtoothbrushesago.本單元語(yǔ)法講解：一般1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。本時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：①含tomorrow;next短語(yǔ)；②in+段時(shí)間：③howsoon；④by+將來(lái)時(shí)間；⑤bythetimesb.do…；⑥祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo；⑦在時(shí)間/條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)；⑧anotherday比較begoingto與will:begoingto表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。HeisseriouslyHeisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.begoingto含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will。如:Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I'llstaywithyouandhelpyou.掌握了它們的這些不同，你就能很好的區(qū)分begoingto與will了。一般將來(lái)時(shí)常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞①含tomorrow;next短語(yǔ)；②in+段時(shí)間；③howsoon；④by+將來(lái)時(shí)間；.祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo例：Bequick,oryouwillbelate=Ifyoudon'tbequick,youwillbelate.在時(shí)間/條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)Unit2WhatshouldIdo？tooloud太大聲outofstyle過(guò)時(shí)的instyle流行的callsb.up=ringsb.up=call/ring/phonesb.給……打電話enoughmoney足夠的錢（enough修飾名詞時(shí)不必后置）busyenough夠忙（enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)必須后置）aticketto/foraballgame一張球賽的門票注意：thekeytothelock/thekey（answer）tothequestion）/thesolutiontotheproblem.此處幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)不能用of表示所有格talkabout談?wù)搊nthephone用電話payfor付款spend…on+sth.=spend…（in）doingsth.在……花錢Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人做某事花……的時(shí)間borrow…from從……借（借進(jìn)來(lái)）lend…to把……借給（借出去）Youcankeepthebookforaweek你可以借這本書一周。（不用borrow或lend）buysth.forsb.為……買東西nottodosth.告訴某人做某事wantsb.todosth.=wouldlikesb.todo想某人做某事findout發(fā)現(xiàn)；查清楚；弄明白playone'sstereo放錄象failthetest=notpassthetest考試不及格failin(doing)sth.… 在……上失敗,變?nèi)鮯ucceedin(doing)sth.在……方面成功writesbaletter/writetosb.給某人寫信surprisesb.使某人吃驚(類似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人)toone'ssurprise使某人吃驚的是……toone'sjoy使某人高興的是……lookforapart-timejob找一份兼職的工作(不一定有結(jié)果)get/findapart-timejob找到一份兼職的工作（有結(jié)果）求/向某人要某物haveabakesale賣燒烤arguewithsb=haveanargumentwithsb.與某人爭(zhēng)吵haveafightwithsb.=fightwith與某人打架dropoff離去；散去；逐漸減少;死去preparefor…=getreadyfor…為……做準(zhǔn)備after-schoolclubs(activities)課外俱樂(lè)部(活動(dòng))be/getusedtodoing習(xí)慣做某事usedtodo過(guò)去經(jīng)常/常常做某事beusedfordoing=beusedtodosth.被用于做某事fill…up填補(bǔ)；裝滿 ；befullof裝滿returnsth.tosb.=givesth.backtosb.把某物歸還給某人geton/alongwellwith與…相處很好allkindsof各種各樣asmuchaspossible=asmuchasyoucan盡可能多takepartin=joinin參加（某種活動(dòng)/集會(huì)）abit=alittle一點(diǎn)兒（當(dāng)修飾形容詞或比較級(jí)時(shí)）abitof=alittle一點(diǎn)兒/一些（當(dāng)修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)）beangrywith…生……的氣byoneself=onone'sown某人自己/獨(dú)自地ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面Ifind/feel/thinkitdifficulttodo…我發(fā)現(xiàn)/感到/認(rèn)為做某事很難。see/hear/watchsb.doingsth.看到/聽見(jiàn)/注視某人正在做……not…until直到……才（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞）表示某人情緒有關(guān)的形容詞用法:be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed說(shuō)明：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是某人時(shí)，注意后面的形容詞一般是-ed結(jié)尾的單詞，而當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是某物時(shí)或修飾名詞時(shí)，注意后面形容詞一般是-ing結(jié)尾單詞.)例如:Iwassurprised/interested/amazedwhenIheardthesurprising/interesting/amazingnews.radioadviceprogram電臺(tái)提建議的節(jié)目beoriginal新穎的leavesomethingsomewhere把某物忘在某處sportsclothes運(yùn)動(dòng)服thesameageas=asoldas和……年齡一樣thetiredchildren疲憊不堪的孩子complainabout(doingsth.)抱怨……taketheirchildrenfromactivitytoactivity帶著孩子參加一個(gè)接一個(gè)的活動(dòng)trytodosth. 盡量干某事；trydoingsth.試著干某事beundertoomuchpressure壓力太大amotherofthree三個(gè)孩子的媽媽takepartinafter-schoolclubs參加課后俱樂(lè)部compepitionstartsfromaveryyoungage競(jìng)爭(zhēng)從很小年紀(jì)就開始了compare…with和……比較organizedactivities有組織的活動(dòng)本單元目標(biāo)句型：What'swrong(withyou)/What'sthematter？WhatshouldIdo我該怎么辦？Youcouldwritehimaletter.你可以給他寫封信。Youshouldsaysorrytohim.你應(yīng)該給他道歉。Theyshouldn'targue.他們不應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)吵。Whydon'tyoutalktohimaboutit？=Whynottalktohimaboutit=Youshould/couldtalktohimaboutit.=What/Howabouttalkingtohimaboutit.=You'dbettertalktohimaboutit.6.Theparentstrytofitasmuchaspossibleintotheirkidslives.7.Activitiesincludesports,languagelearning,musicandmathclasses.Thirtypeople,includingsixchildren(sixchildrenincluded),wenttovisitthefactory.8.Peopleshouldn'tpushtheirchildrensohard.9.Parentsaretryingtoplantheirkids'livesforthem.Whenthesekidsareadults,theymightfindtdifficulttoplanthingsforthemselves.Unit3WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived？infrontof在 的前面（外部），inthefrontof在……的前面（內(nèi)部）inthelibrary在圖書館getoutof/getinto出……之外/進(jìn)入sleeplate睡懶覺(jué)；sleepwell睡得好；gettosleep=fallasleep睡著walkdown/along沿……走takeoff（飛機(jī)）起飛；脫下（衣帽）onSundayevening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某個(gè)特定的上、下午、晚上用on）inthetree在樹上；onthetree在樹上takephotos照相atthetrainstation在火車站跑12.as+adj.原形as和……一樣……beautifulashersister.Ican（him）sth.forsb.為某人買/畫/制作上在……市在操場(chǎng)上十分鐘前（強(qiáng)調(diào)必然性）發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）happenedtoyou=What'sthematter例如：Sheis(not)asrunasfastashebuy/draw/makewalkhome走回家inhistory在歷史forexample例如inthecityofontheplaygroundtenminutesagotakeplace發(fā)生happentosth./sb.例如：WhathaswithyouWhat'swrongwithyou？certainly當(dāng)然allovertheworld=aroundtheworld遍及全世界outside/insidethestation在車站外/內(nèi)nextto相鄰，緊貼closeto接近于；在附近beillinhospital/bed生病住院/臥床hearabout/of聽說(shuō)（間接聽到）insilence沉默不語(yǔ)；keepsilent保持沉默anunusualexperience一次不尋常的經(jīng)歷havefundoingsth.干某事有樂(lè)趣；havedifficulttimedoingsth.干某事有困難havemeaningto對(duì)……有意義becomethefirstChineseastronautinSpaCe成為中國(guó)第一個(gè)太空宇航員anationalhero一個(gè)民族英雄befamousallovertheworld全世界出名forthefirsttime第一次本單元目標(biāo)句型:WhatwereyoudoingwhenIarrived/atthattime/at8:00lastnight/from9:00to10:00yesterdayIwasdoingsth.when+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句……Howabout…=Whatabout…？Whilesth./sb.wasdoingsth.,Iwasdoingsth.….當(dāng)不明飛行物著陸時(shí)，你正在干啥WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded？當(dāng)媽媽正在做飯時(shí)，我在看電視。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlandedrightinfrontofme.Youcanimagehowstrangeitwas.Ifollowedtoseewhereitwasgoing.Isn'tthatamazing!She didn'tthinkingaboutlookingoutsidethestation.Iwassotiredthismorning.Itwasdifficulttogetoutofthebed.LiuXiangwonthegoldmedalatthe2004Olympics.Beijngwasmadehosttothe2008Olympics.Peopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.Eventhemosteverydayactivitiescanseemimportant.Ourteacheraskedustostopwhatweweredoingandlisten.However,inmorerecenttimes,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.Notalleventsinhistoryareasterribleasthis,ofcourse.HisflightaroundtheEarthlastedabout22hours.本單元語(yǔ)法講解過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（PastProgressiveTense）句型S+was/were+V-ing…例1：Shewasdoingherhomeworkat8:30yesterdayevening昨天傍晚八點(diǎn)半她正在做家庭作業(yè)。例2：Wewerehavingsupperatthattime那個(gè)時(shí)候我們正在吃晚飯解說(shuō)：如例1所示，在單句中使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)時(shí)必須把該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中的時(shí)間表明清楚，否則就不合邏輯了。例如：Iwastakingabathyesterday.（錯(cuò)）（昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小時(shí)都正在洗澡嗎）所以本句應(yīng)該如例1來(lái)表達(dá)，或者用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表達(dá)如下：Itookabathyesterday.昨天我洗了澡如果由上下文的文意，或者對(duì)談中的話意可以了解“動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中的時(shí)間”，單句里就使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)是很普通的，例如：A：Icalledyouupyesterdayevening.B：DidyouAtwhattime？A：Ataroundteno'clock.大約在十點(diǎn)鐘。B：Oh,Iwastakingabaththen.哦，當(dāng)時(shí)我正在洗澡。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)在表達(dá)上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一個(gè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相搭配。請(qǐng)觀察下面的圖解說(shuō)明：過(guò)去有二動(dòng)作A和B（如圖示），在B動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)稍早發(fā)生的A動(dòng)作正好在進(jìn)行中，所以這種表達(dá)法通常都是復(fù)句（主句+副詞從句）。例如：WhenIgotupthismorning,Motherwaspreparingbreakfastinthekitchen.（今天早上我起床時(shí)媽媽正在廚房里準(zhǔn)備早餐?！癕other-、”是主句,"when…，”是副詞從句。）常用于修飾過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞：過(guò)去的某一定點(diǎn)時(shí)刻（at+過(guò)去的時(shí)刻），then（=atthattime）（那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)），all+時(shí)間，“When…/While…/As…”等副詞從句，etcUnit4HesaidIwashard-working.everySaturday每周六firstofall首先both…and…兩者都（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意對(duì)稱原則）neither…?.nor兩者都不（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意就近和對(duì)稱原則）mostof…絕大多數(shù)anexcitingweek令人興奮的一周agreeonsomething同意某人的計(jì)劃；對(duì)……取得一致意見(jiàn)agreetodosth.答應(yīng)/同意做……passon（to）傳遞besupposedtodosth.被期望或被要求做……bemadat…對(duì)……瘋狂/生氣dobetterin=bebetterat在……方面做得更好身體健康單sound/feel/smell/taste/look是連系動(dòng)詞，一般只能跟adj.做表語(yǔ)soundlike/feellike/smelllike/tastelike/looklike聽起來(lái)像……/感覺(jué)像……/聞起來(lái)像……/嘗起來(lái)像……/看起來(lái)像……+.get…over克服；恢復(fù)；原諒openup打開/展開/開發(fā)/揭露carefor照料；照顧；意愿；計(jì)較havea(surprise)partyforsb.為某人舉行一次(驚喜)聚會(huì)end-of-yearexam=finalexam期末考試not…anymore不再doahomeproject做作業(yè)besurprised/happy/excitedtodosth.做某事感到驚訝、高興、激動(dòng)be/getnervous感到緊張haveaveryhardtimewith…在……日子不好過(guò)andisappointingresult令人失望的結(jié)果take/leaveamessage捎（留）個(gè)口信haveabigfightitisagoodideaforsb.todosth.toteachinChina'sruralareasfeelluckypeoplewhoneedhelp需要幫助的人somethingwecandoforthem我們能為他們做的事thereisnodifferencebetween…and…在……和……之間沒(méi)有區(qū)別GroupsandtheworktheydoGroupsTheworktheydoGreenpeaceCaresfor“MotherEarth”DoctorsWithoutBordersHelpssickpeopleinpoorcountriesUNICEFHelpschildreninpoorcountriesWWFCaresforwildanimalsindangertheHopeProject希望工程fortunately本單元目標(biāo)句型：轉(zhuǎn)述他人話語(yǔ):Whatdidsb.sayHesaidI….Shesaidshe….Theysaid….許老師告訴我徐夢(mèng)蝶會(huì)說(shuō)二種語(yǔ)言。Mr.XUtoldmethatXUMengdiecouldspeakthreelangUages.許老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Mr.Xusaid(that)theearthturnsaroundthesun.許老師告訴我他將去北京。ShetoldmehewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.許老師說(shuō)歐洋正在做作業(yè)Mr.XusaidOUYangwasdoinghishomeworkatthattime.5.許老師說(shuō)王碩研勤奮。Mr.XusaidWangShuoyanwashard-working.在英語(yǔ)上，與聽相比，我更擅長(zhǎng)于讀。InEnglish,I'mbetteratreadingthanlistening.情況怎樣How'sitgoing？的朋友了。Shedidn'twanttobemybestfriendanymore.Isaiditwouldstartabadhabit,andthatshewoulddoherownwork.That'saboutallthenewsIhavenow.MumandDadsendtheirlove.Shesaidhelpingotherschangedherlife.TeachinghighschoolstudentsinapoormountainvillageinGansuProvincemaynotlikefuntoyou.ThePekingUniversitygraduatefirstwentthereasanvolunteeronaone-yearprogram.LifeinthemountainswasanewexperienceforLangLei.Hervillagewas2,000metereabovethesealevel,andatfirstthethinairmadeherfeelsick.YoungpeopletodayneedtoexperiencedifferentthingsSomeofthestudentsmaynotbeabletogotoseniorhighschoolorcollage.Icanopenupmystudents'eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.Shesaidshelikesbeingagoodinfluenceinthechildren'slives.ShenowworksasamathteacheratahighschoolinthecityofPingliang,GansuProvince.houseworkingonahomeworkproject.Youweresupposedtomeetatthebusstopthismorningtoreturnit,butAdidn'tcometothebusstop.AcallsyouwithamessageforC.Passonmessage,andthengiveC'sanswertoA.Whataresomethingsthathappenonsoapoperas？本單元語(yǔ)法講解直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)（一）直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語(yǔ)；用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外，還必須對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said，asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變。一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)等。例如：me,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”→Tomsaidtomethathisbrotherwasdoinghishomework.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化；根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。如：SheaskedJack,“Wherehaveyoubeen”→SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.（二）直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，都使用陳述語(yǔ)序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌宰兂砷g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。陳述句的間接引語(yǔ)：陳述句由直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，由that引導(dǎo)，可以省略?！癐wanttheblueone."hetoldus.“我想要蘭色的?！彼f(shuō)。→Hetoldusthathewantedtheblueone.他說(shuō)他想要蘭色的。Shesaidtome,“Youcan'tdoanythingnow.”她對(duì)我說(shuō)：“此刻你無(wú)法做任何事情?！薄鶶hetoldmethatIcouldn'tdoanythingthen.她對(duì)我說(shuō)那時(shí)我無(wú)法做任何事。疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)后，叫做間接疑問(wèn)句。間接疑問(wèn)句為陳述語(yǔ)序，句末用句號(hào)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)等的變化與間接陳述句相同。引述動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等間接疑問(wèn)句一般有三種：一般疑問(wèn)句由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由whether或if引導(dǎo)。如：“HasheeverworkedinShanghai”Jimasked.“他在上海工作過(guò)嗎”吉姆問(wèn)?！鶭imaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai.吉姆問(wèn)他是否在上海工作過(guò)?！癈anyoutellmethewaytothehospital”Theoldmanasked.那個(gè)老人問(wèn)：你能告訴我去醫(yī)院的路嗎？→TheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.那老人問(wèn)我是否能告訴他去醫(yī)院路。特殊疑問(wèn)句由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍由原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：“Whichroomdoyoulivein”Heasked.“你住哪個(gè)房間”他問(wèn)我?！鶫easkedmewhichroomIlivedin.他問(wèn)我住哪個(gè)房間?！癢hatdoyouthinkofthefilm”Sheasked.她問(wèn)：“你怎么看這部電影”→Sheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthefilm.她問(wèn)她朋友怎么看這部電影。選擇疑問(wèn)句由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由whether/if…or引導(dǎo)。如：“IsityourbikeorTom's”Mumasked.媽媽問(wèn)：“這是你的自行車還是湯姆的”→Mumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom's.媽媽問(wèn)這是我的自行車還是湯姆的?！癉oesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreenones”Kateasked.“你妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的”凱特問(wèn)?！鶮ateaskedwhether/ifmysisterlikedbluedressesorgreenones.凱特問(wèn)我妹妹喜歡蘭色裙子還是綠色的。3.祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)當(dāng)祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接祈使句的引述動(dòng)詞常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等，而把直接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)。如：Jacksaid,“Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,Mary.”杰克說(shuō)：“瑪麗，明天請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。”→JackaskedMarytogotohishousethenextday.杰克請(qǐng)瑪麗第二天到他家去。Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stop們說(shuō)：“不要講話了?！眛hestudentstostoptalking.了。anything.”Hesaid.“不要碰任何東西。”他說(shuō)。touchanything.他對(duì)我們說(shuō)不要碰任何東西。的變動(dòng)talking.”老師對(duì)學(xué)生→Theteachertold老師讓學(xué)生們不要說(shuō)話“Don'ttouch→Hetoldusnotto4.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和代詞等(1)某些代詞，限定詞，表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞和個(gè)別動(dòng)詞在間接引語(yǔ)中的變化規(guī)則：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)today—thatdaynow—then,atthatmomentyesterday—thedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterday—twodaysbeforetomorrow—thenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrow—twodaysafter,/intwodaysnextweek/monthetc.thenextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetc.theweek/monthetc.beforehere—therethis—thatthese—thosecome—gobring—take(2)如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，以上內(nèi)容就要有相應(yīng)變化。變化情況如下：現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去的時(shí)間(注意:如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀規(guī)律的，那么時(shí)態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) →一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) →過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) →過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) →過(guò)去完成時(shí)Unit5Ifyougototheparty,you'llhaveagreattime!attheparty在晚會(huì)上asksb.todosth.請(qǐng)某人做某事stayathome呆在家halftheclass/students一半學(xué)生getinjured受傷haveagreattime=haveawonderful/goodtime玩得高興take…away運(yùn)走，取走；putaway收起來(lái)，放好allthetime=always一直，始終makealiving(bydoingsth.)謀生inordertodosth.…為了做某事haveaparty舉行聚會(huì)gotocollege上大學(xué)因 而著稱；befamousas…作為 而出名money掙錢飾不可數(shù)名詞）toomany太多（修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）容詞/副詞太……煉。注意：exercise詞；而當(dāng)“操”“練習(xí)”是可數(shù)名詞world周游世界作褲許 進(jìn)入，嵌入keep…out不允許 進(jìn)入獲得教育befamousfor…makemoney=earninfact事實(shí)上laughat…嘲笑toomuch太多（修muchtoo+形getexercise鍛當(dāng)“鍛煉”是不可數(shù)名19.travelaroundthe20.workhard努力工21.wearjeans穿牛仔l(wèi)et…in允getaneducationtake…away拿開，拿走準(zhǔn)備考試makesomefood準(zhǔn)備食物；makedumplings做水餃；makethebed整理床鋪halftheclass一半的學(xué)生therulesforschoolparties學(xué)校派對(duì)的規(guī)則children'shospital兒童醫(yī)院jointheLions加入獅隊(duì)givemoneytoschoolsandcharities給學(xué)校和慈善組織捐錢becomeaprofessionalsoccerplayer成為一個(gè)職業(yè)的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員organizethegamesfortheclassparty為班級(jí)派對(duì)準(zhǔn)備游戲playsportsforaliving靠體育運(yùn)動(dòng)為生本單元目標(biāo)句型：you'll…. 2.I'mgoingto….3.Youshould….to… 5.Don'tyouthink…？晚會(huì)，我們將會(huì)玩得非常高興。theparty,we'llhaveagreat晚會(huì)，李老師將不會(huì)讓你進(jìn)入。jeanstotheparty,MsLiwon'tletpeople,becomingaprofessionallikeadreamfessionalathlete,youwilllivingdoingsomethingyoufessionalathletescanalsohave4.Don'tyouwant①如果李老師去參加IfMsLigoestotime.②如果你穿牛仔褲去Ifyouwearyouin.FormanyyoungathletemightseemIfyoubecomeabeabletomakeaHowever,manyproblems.9.Ifyouarefamous,peoplewillwatchyouallyoueverywhere.Thiscanmakelifedifficult.Ifyoubecomerich,youwillhaveadifficulttimeknowingwhoyourrealfriendsare.Infact,manyfamouspeoplecomplainthattheyarenothappy.本單元語(yǔ)法講解if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子叫條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示假設(shè)或條件，意思是“如果……的話”，用法如下：表示假設(shè)，表示將會(huì)發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進(jìn)行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：If+句子（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），+主句（主語(yǔ)will/may/can）+動(dòng)詞）Ifyoufinishyourhomework,youcangooutandplay.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,Iwillgototravel.真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義、民間諺語(yǔ)等，句型是：If+句子（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），+主句（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）.例：Ifyoustudyhard,youaresuretosucceed.Ifyouputiceinawarmplace,itturnsintowater.Ifaglassfallsonthefloor,itusuallybreaks.Ifyoucookabanana,itbecomesverysoft.Ifaplantdon'tgetenoughlight,itgrowsverytallandthin.Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells？raisemoneyfor籌錢collectstamps集郵runoutof…用盡bytheway順便說(shuō)一下to…在……的路上beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣morethan=over超過(guò)flykites放風(fēng)箏startclass開始上課startasnowglobecollector'sclub開辦雪球儀收集者俱樂(lè)部themostcommon(unusual,interesting)hobby最普通的愛(ài)好listentomusicvideos聽音樂(lè)碟片organizeatalentshowtoraisemoneyforcharity為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢而舉辦的才藝展示extraEnglishlessons額外的英語(yǔ)課haveproblemswiththelanguage語(yǔ)言方面有問(wèn)題thecapitalofHeilongjiangProvince黑龍江的省會(huì)citywithacolorfulhistory一個(gè)有著豐富多彩歷史文化的有趣的城市threeandahalfyears=threeyearsandahalf三年半apairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲Howmuchisapairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans？=Howmuchdoesa(this)pairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeanscost？Howmucharetheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans？=Howmuchdotheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeanscost？本單元目標(biāo)句型：beenskating你滑冰有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了I'vebeenskatingsincenineo'clock/sinceIwasfouryearsold.我從九點(diǎn)一直滑到現(xiàn)在/我從四歲一直滑到現(xiàn)在。I'vebeenskatingforfivehours.我一直滑了五小時(shí)。ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesehistory,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.我對(duì)中國(guó)的歷史了解得越多，我就越喜歡住在中國(guó)。WasthisyourfirstskatingmarathonNo,Iskatedinamarathonlastyear.Whendidyougetyourfirstpairofskates？Alisonwasthefirstonetostartandhasbeenskatingforthewholefivehours.Alison是第一個(gè)開始并且已經(jīng)滑了整整5個(gè)小時(shí)。fromtheHilltopSchoolSkatingMarathon.Foreveryhourtheyskate,eachstudentraisestenyuanforcharity.每滑一個(gè)小時(shí)，每位學(xué)生可為慈善事業(yè)籌集10元錢。Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.InfactIthinkit'sprobablymyfavorite.謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實(shí)上，我想它可能是我的最愛(ài)。MymomsaysIhavetostop,becausewe'verunoutofroomtostorethem.媽媽說(shuō)我必須停止了，因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)沒(méi)有地方來(lái)存放他們了。ThefirstoneIevergotwasabirthdaycakesnowglobeonmytwelfthbirthday.我得到的第一個(gè)雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。loveglobeswithanimals.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.我特別喜歡動(dòng)物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話，請(qǐng)告訴我們。Bytheway,what'syourhobby？I'minterestedinthejobasawriter.Theschoolnewspaperneedsawriter.Wewillgiveyoudifferenttopicstochoosefrom.Togetthejob,pleaseanswerthesefourquestions.校報(bào)需要一個(gè)撰稿人。我們會(huì)給你一些不同的話題來(lái)選擇。要得到這份工作，請(qǐng)回答這樣四個(gè)問(wèn)題。HowmanyChinesedynastiescanyouthinkof你能想起多少中國(guó)朝代？CanyouthinkoffamouscharactersfromthecountriesMakealist.從其他國(guó)家歷史中，你能記起一些著名人物嗎列個(gè)表。Infact,thefirstJewsprobablycametoKaifengmorethanathousandyearsagoandwerewelcomedbytheSongEmperor.事實(shí)上，第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來(lái)到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。ThereissomeEuropeaninfluenceinthecity,andsomeoftheoldbuildingsinHarbinareinRussianstyle.這個(gè)城市有歐洲文化的影響，而且哈爾濱的一些老建筑還是俄羅斯風(fēng)格的。Foraforeignerlikeme,themoreIlearnaboutChineseculture,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.對(duì)于一個(gè)像我一樣的外國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我對(duì)中國(guó)文化了解越多，我就越喜歡住在中國(guó)。livequitefarfromBeijing,I'mcertainIwillbeherefortheOlympicGamesin2008.盡管我住得離北京很遠(yuǎn)，但我相信2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)我一定在這兒。本單元語(yǔ)法講解現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里一直在延續(xù)的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+been+doingIhavebeenwritingthelettersincethen.從那時(shí)起我一直在寫這封信。（動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）Ihavebeencollectingstampsfortenyears.自從10年前我就收集郵票了（動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直現(xiàn)在還在收集）。Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere你在這兒已經(jīng)住了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。（“居住”動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性；如果沒(méi)有時(shí)間強(qiáng)調(diào)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不適用于表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則可。Unit7Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic？turn…down/turn…up關(guān)小聲/調(diào)大聲音（電器）turn…on/turn…off打開/關(guān)閉（電器）movethebike移動(dòng)自行車inaminute/rightaway/innotime立刻；馬上belateforschool/class=arrivelateforschool上學(xué)/上課遲到waitinline=standinline排隊(duì)等候cutinline=jumpaqueue插隊(duì)getmad/annoyed變得生氣happentosb.發(fā)生在……身上時(shí)atfirst首先atlast=intheend=finally最后allowsb.todo/nottodosth.允許某人做/不做某事beallowedtodo/nottodosth.某人不被允許某人做/不做某事inpublic當(dāng)眾地；公開地；公然地inpublicplaces在公共場(chǎng)所breaktherule不遵守規(guī)則pick…up撿起put…out熄滅droplitter扔垃圾keepthevoicedown控制聲音dothedishesputonanotherkitchenmakesomepostersclothingstorefollow…aroundwanttobepolitestandinthesubwaydoorcutinlinestandcloseto…h(huán)avedifferentideasabout34.feeluncomfortableinallsituationsinpublicplaces本單元目標(biāo)句型：Wouldyoumindcleaningtheyard你介意打掃院子嗎？Notatall.I'lldoitrightaway.一點(diǎn)也不。我馬上就掃。Wouldyoumindnotplayingbaseballhere.你介意不要在這打棒球嗎？Wouldyoumindgivingmeasmallerone？Sorry,we'llgoandplayinthepark.對(duì)不起，我們到公園去打。Couldyou(please)makedinner請(qǐng)做晚飯好嗎？That'snoproblem.沒(méi)問(wèn)題。Couldyou(please)notfeedthedog=Wouldyoumindnotfeedingthedog？=Wouldyou(please)notfeedthedog=Pleasedon'tfeedthedog,willyou？請(qǐng)不要喂狗好嗎？Ifyoufinishthesetasks,wecangotoamovietonight.Yourbarbergaveyouaterriblehaircut.Thestoreclerkgaveyouthewrongsize.broughtyouthewrongfood.didn'twork.hamburgerwithFrenchfriesbutpeoplewhatannoyedthem.Here'swaitinginlinewhenashoptelephoneconversation.allthetimeintheschoolfutureIshouldtrynottobebehaveisdifferentinandsituations.ofetiquettearethesameYouorderedaonlygotahamburger.Weaskedsomewhattheysaid.Idon'tlikeassistanthasalong17.Thishappenstomelibrary.Perhapsinthesopolite.ThewaypeopledifferentculturesSometimes,rulesalmosteverywhere.asksomeonetobehavemorepolitelyifweseethembreakingaruleofetiquette.22.Etiquettemeansnormalandpolitesocialbehavior.23.Thismayseemlikeadifficultwordatfirst,butitcanbeveryusefultounderstand.24.Infact,weshouldalsotakecarenottocoughorsneezeloudlyinpublicifpossible.25.Peopledon'tusuallyliketobecriticized,sowehavetobecarefulhowwedothis.26.看到有人抽煙你可以說(shuō)：Couldyoupleaseputoutthatcigarette?27.看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說(shuō)：Wouldyoumindpickingitup?28.看到有人插隊(duì)你可以說(shuō)：Sorry,wouldyoumindjoiningtheline?常見(jiàn)動(dòng)名詞、分詞的習(xí)慣用法總結(jié)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如：①HeiswatchingTVintheroom.②Theyweredancingatnineo'clocklastnight.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.在havefun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：WehavefunlearningEnglishthisterm.Theyhadproblemsgettingtothetopofthemountain.在介詞后面。如：Thanksforhelpingme.Areyougoodatplayingbasketball？What/Howaboutdoingsth做某事怎么樣Iaminterestedinplayingfootball.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中sth.喜歡做某事sth.完成做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事（原來(lái)的事）forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事（原來(lái)的事）rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事likedoingsth.喜歡做某事find/see/hear/watchsb.doing發(fā)現(xiàn)/看到/聽到/觀看某人做trydoingsth.試圖做某事needdoingsth.需要做某事preferdoingsth.寧愿做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事doingsth.練習(xí)做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事wastetime/moneydoing浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做……keep讓……始終/一直做……stopsb.(from)doing阻止某人做某事preferdoingBtodoingB=likeAbetterthanA喜歡做A更喜歡做B“dosome+doing”短語(yǔ)如：dosomeshopping/dosomewashing/dosomereading/dosomepracticing/dosomecleaning/dosomespeaking23.“godoing”短語(yǔ)去做某事(主要指文娛活動(dòng)等)如goshopping/gofishing/goswimming/gogocamping/goskiing雪）/goboating/gohunting（打獵）分詞的常見(jiàn)搭配:excited/surprised/amazed/pleased/worried/lostaboycalled/namedTomgetherascarf？分發(fā)愿……而不是，勝于thando寧愿……不愿做hiking/goskating/

（滑注意動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去Ifeel（am/was）

interested/tired/

keep…closed；Unit8Whydon'tyoufallasleep入睡give…away贈(zèng)送；ratherthan寧woulddo…ratherhearof…聽說(shuō)makefriendswith和……交友人化notinteresting/special/creativeenough不夠有趣makeaspecialmeal做一頓特別的飯an8-year-oldchild一個(gè)六歲的孩子thesedays最近not…atall根本不differentkindsof不同種類makeherhappy使她高興someoneelse別人(else總是后置)improveEnglish提高英語(yǔ)indifferentways以不同的方式encouragesbtodo鼓勵(lì)某人做make(great)progress取得進(jìn)步takeaninterestin/beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣twentiethbirthdaygoldfishcalledConniesingingpopularEnglishsongsgroupswomen'scompetitionEnglishmorefromtheOlympicCommitteewaystolearnEnglishanativespeakerofEnglishlearntolearnEnglishagoldfish-twoapignamed/fromacrossChinaenteratestbycomefromallagethewinnerofthewintheprizetrytospeakaspokespersonhearofmanyotherfunmakefriendswithfindagoodwayto本單元目標(biāo)句型：mymomforherbirthday我應(yīng)該為我的媽媽買什么？Whydon'tyou/Whynotbuy/Whataboutbuying/Howaboutbuyingascarf？為什么不買條圍巾呢？What'sthebestgiftyouhaveeverreceived你曾收到的最好禮物是什么？Whataluckyguy!多幸運(yùn)的家伙!Ithinkadogisagoodpetfora6-year-oldchild.ReallyIdon'tagree.Dogsaretoodifficulttotakecareof.Whatareadvantagesanddisadvantagesofkeepingsuchapet？Thetrendiestkindofpetthesedaysisthepot-belliedpig.makethebestpets.withapigisn'talwaysperfect.tosleepinthehouse,soIhouse.boring.IfellasleephalfwayisenoughtomakeherverydifferentindifferentbegivenawaytosomeonepeopleasktheirfamiliesandtocharityratherHowever,lifeNowsheistoobigmadeheraspecialpigThemoviewasthroughit.Aleaffromatreehappy.Giftgivingiscountries.Thesamegiftmayelse.IntheUSA,somefriendstogivemoneythanbuythemgifts.somethingforsomeoneisthebestgift.Peopledon'tneedtospendmoney.Instead,makingamealishostforthe2008OlympicspeopletrytoimproveEnglishindifferentways.holdthe….singerssangveryclearly,an