可持續(xù)發(fā)展的煤炭利用Transforming

Coal

for

Sustainability國(guó)合會(huì)能源專題組TFEST

of

CCICED第一頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。中國(guó)目前的能源系統(tǒng)是不可持續(xù)的The

energy

system

in

China

is

unsustainable將來(lái)面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：過(guò)度依賴石油進(jìn)口環(huán)境狀況迅速惡化溫室氣體減排代價(jià)高昂China

will

become

overlydependent

on

oil

imports

as

aresult

of

rapidly

growingdemand

for

liquid

fuelsSevere

environmentdamages

caused

by

directcombustion

of

coalChina

will

not

be

able

tomake

its

contribution

tomitigating

greenhouse

gas(GHG)

emissions

under

lowcost.第二頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。中國(guó)一次能源將來(lái)仍將以煤炭為主The

coal

is

the

main

part

of

primary

energyin

China第三頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。以合理成本降低上述風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方案To

mitigate

these

risks

at

reasonable

cost中國(guó)能源模型分析表明，面對(duì)這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)方案無(wú)法解決問(wèn)題。通過(guò)采用煤炭現(xiàn)代化利用的戰(zhàn)略能夠以合理的代價(jià)降低上述風(fēng)險(xiǎn)The

business

as

usual

modecan’t

solve

the

abovementioned

problem

.Through

modernization

ofcoal

utilization,

the

abovementioned

problems

couldbe

solved

with

reasonablecost.第四頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。煤炭現(xiàn)代化利用的含義Meaning

of

Modernization

of

coal

utilization煤炭的現(xiàn)代化是指通過(guò)煤氣化技術(shù)來(lái)生產(chǎn)熱能，電力，運(yùn)輸用清潔燃料，炊事用燃料等，即多聯(lián)產(chǎn)能源系統(tǒng)。Modernization

of

coal

utilization——large

scalegasification

of

coal

and

coproduction

of

liquidfuels(methanol,

dimethyl

ether,

etc),

other

value-addedchemicals

and

electric

power.

If

necessary,

syngas

andheat

for

residential

use

could

also

be

provided.

It

is

so-called

polygeneration

system.第五頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。采用先進(jìn)技術(shù)方案的效果The

effect

of

Advanced

TechnologiesScenario成本與傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)方案相當(dāng)煤炭開(kāi)采量與傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)方案相當(dāng)SO2的排放從1995年的

2370萬(wàn)噸下降到2020年的1620萬(wàn)噸、2050年的880萬(wàn)噸。石油與天然氣進(jìn)口量限制在總消耗量的30%左右。累計(jì)CO2排放量少于660億噸碳Provides

the

same

energyservices

at

about

the

samecost

as

the

Base

technologiesstrategySO2

emissions

arereduced

from

23.7

Mt

in1995

to

16.2

Mt

in

2020

and8.8

Mt

in

2050Imports

of

oil

and

natural

gasare

limited

to

30%

ofconsumption

of

oil

and

gasover

the

long-term66

Gt

C

caps第六頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤炭現(xiàn)代化利用戰(zhàn)略刻不容緩Urgent

Action

by

China’s

Leadership

is

Required要增加到2020年的小康水平，中國(guó)的煤電裝機(jī)增量約為5億kW若不早做安排，新建煤電會(huì)全部采用直接燃燒的方式，左右今后30年煤炭利用格局需要國(guó)家總體調(diào)控下，在總量中安排部分以煤氣化為核心的多聯(lián)產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目。For

modernization,

rapidlygrowth

of

electricity

isneeded.large

investments

areplanned

for

electricity

overthe

next

decade

that

willlock

in

the

mode

of

coal

useof

China

through

2020

andfor

many

decadesthereafter.It

is

extremely

necessary

tohave

strategies

programmedto

arrange

the

polygenerationplants

just

from

now第七頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤炭現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略刻不容緩(一)Urgent

Action

by

China’s

Leadership

is

Required

(1)今后20年燃煤發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量預(yù)測(cè)Projection

for

Coal

Power

Plant

Capacity第八頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤炭現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略刻不容緩(二)Urgent

Action

by

China’s

Leadership

isRequired

(2)如果延誤過(guò)渡到以氣化為基礎(chǔ)的多聯(lián)產(chǎn)技術(shù)的時(shí)機(jī)，將會(huì)：顯著增加將來(lái)中國(guó)治理空氣污染的成本；難以控制未來(lái)石油進(jìn)口大大增加減排溫室氣體的成本。Delaying

the

start

of

thetransition

to

coalgasification-basedpolygenerationtechnology

wouldsignificantly

increase:the

costs

to

China

ofair

pollution

damages,the

costs

of

oilimports,the

costs

of

reducingGHG

emissions.第九頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。增加空氣污染的治理成本The

costs

of

air

pollution

damages我國(guó)環(huán)境已經(jīng)非常惡劣酸雨面積占國(guó)土面積的40％大氣污染主要是燃煤排放城市污染主要是汽車尾氣按現(xiàn)有技術(shù)，能耗總量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，將對(duì)環(huán)境與公眾健康造成非常大的損害（損失占GDP13%）The

environment

of

China

is

seriouslybadThe

majority

of

air

pollution

comesfrom

direct

combustion

of

coalThe

main

cause

of

urban

area

airpollution

is

the

emission

ofcarSevere

additional

public

healthand

environmental

damages

willoccur

in

China

with

very

largeeconomic

consequences(projected

to

grow

from

over

7%ofGDP

to

13%

of

GDP

in

2020)第十頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。我國(guó)液體燃料短缺現(xiàn)象日趨嚴(yán)重Shortage

of

liquid

fuel

and

energy

security預(yù)計(jì)到2020年，進(jìn)口量將超過(guò)總消費(fèi)量的50%以上，這將嚴(yán)重影響我國(guó)的能源安全。加強(qiáng)石油勘探開(kāi)采，實(shí)施走出去戰(zhàn)略，多渠道進(jìn)口石油是主要措施從我國(guó)比較豐富的煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化為車用液體燃料是一個(gè)重要的戰(zhàn)略The

import

oil

percentageby

the

year

of

2020

will

bemore

than

50%.the

enhancement

ofexploitation

of

thepetroleum

is

the

mainmethod.the

production

of

liquidfuel

from

the

relativeabundant

coal

reverse

inchina

is

strategicallyimportant.第十一頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。我國(guó)煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化為車用液體燃料戰(zhàn)略Production

of

liquid

fuel

from

coal直接液化基本投資大，所得油品質(zhì)量低間接液化能量轉(zhuǎn)換率低最重要的是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上無(wú)法和石油煉制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)是較好選擇the

quality

of

fuel

is

bad(direct

liquefaction)The

energy

transformationratio

is

low

(indirectliquefaction),economically

unfeasibleThe

poly-generation

is

agood

option第十二頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。增加溫室氣體減排成本Increase

the

costs

of

reducing

GHG

emissions我國(guó)在1995年所排放的CO2

總量達(dá)30億噸，占世界總排放量的13.6%我國(guó)的CO2

排放遲早會(huì)受到限制常規(guī)技術(shù)的燃煤電站減排CO2

非常困難The

CO2

emission

of

China

in1995

is

13.6%

of

totalemission

in

the

worldThe

CO2

emission

will

belimited

sooner

or

later.mitigating

greenhouse

gas(GHG)

emissions

inconventional

coal

power

plantwill

lead

to

high

cost.第十三頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)（一）The

advantage

of

modernization

coal

utilization

（1）污染排放水平接近天然氣聯(lián)合循環(huán)，滿足最嚴(yán)格的環(huán)保要求可以生產(chǎn)清潔液體燃料，緩解石油進(jìn)口壓力和城市污染與IGCC相比，經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，發(fā)電成本接近帶脫硫脫銷裝置的燃煤蒸汽電站合成氣制造二甲醚：性質(zhì)類似LPG，解決農(nóng)村分散用能The

pollution

of

coal

power

generationwill

be

lower

down

to

the

level

ofnatural-gas

fired

combined

cycle

power

plants.Polygeneration

can

provide

cleantransportation

fuels,

which

are

muchbetter

than

petroleum

derived

gasolineand

diesel

fuels

from

them

the

point

ofview

emission,thus,

to

reduce

thepetroleum

import

significantly.Not

like

“pure”

integratedgasification

combined

cycle

(IGCC),polygeneration

based

on

coalgasification

can

make

the

cleanpower

generation

economicallycompetitive.Produce

DME

(similar

as

LPG),solve

the

distribution

energy

serveproblem

in

rural

area.第十四頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)（二）The

advantage

of

modernization

coal

utilization

（2）將會(huì)使我國(guó)汽車工業(yè)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造業(yè)走出具有中國(guó)特色的道路，實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式前進(jìn)清潔地利用高硫煤，解決相關(guān)問(wèn)題。為低成本實(shí)現(xiàn)CO2減排提供可能A

very

prospectiveopportunity

for

Chineseautomobile

industry

to

haveown

intellectual

propertyand

to

realize

the

leap-frogmovement

forward.Use

the

high

sulfur

coalcleanly.Provide

the

probability

of

lowcost

mitigation

of

CO2

in

thelong

term.第十五頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。煤炭現(xiàn)代化的前景Vision

for

Modernized

Coal第十六頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。煤炭現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展階段Three

Step

of

Coal

Modernization近期，生產(chǎn)多種清潔合成燃料中期,聯(lián)產(chǎn)城市煤氣、二甲醚、電力等多種能源載體來(lái)供應(yīng)城市和農(nóng)村的各種能量需求。在遠(yuǎn)期，以最低廉的成本實(shí)現(xiàn)CO2近零排放的氫能生產(chǎn)。Near

term,

product

of

variousclean

alternative

liquid

fuelMedium

term,

town

gas,methanol,

F-T

liquids,

andDME

would

be

produced

inpolygeneration

facilitiesProduce

hydrogen

atrelatively

low

costs

with

nearzero

emission第十七頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略的政策建議（一）The

recommendation

for

implementation

of

polygenerationsystem(1)充分認(rèn)識(shí)以煤氣化為核心的多聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)在我國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能源系統(tǒng)中的重要戰(zhàn)略地位。在充分論證的基礎(chǔ)上，由國(guó)家牽頭，制定詳細(xì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，建立專門的研究組對(duì)多聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)做出詳細(xì)的可行性分析。Fully

recognize

the

strategicimportance

of

themodernization

coal

utilization

inthe

sustainable

energy

systemof

China.A

detailed

planning

should

befigured-out

under

theguidance

of

centralgovernment.第十八頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略的政策建議（二）The

recommendation

for

implementation

of

polygeneration

system(2)立即進(jìn)行兩個(gè)地區(qū)（東部富煤地區(qū)和西部）規(guī)模為20萬(wàn)噸甲醇和300～400MW發(fā)電

的煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)示范工程可行性研究.這些工程應(yīng)由電力、化工、煤炭行業(yè)和當(dāng)?shù)卣?lián)合操作，爭(zhēng)取在5～7年內(nèi)完成Conducting

immediately

thefeasibility

study

of

demo-plants

in

two

areas(

one

in

eastChina,

and

one

in

west

China,)The

scale

could

be

200tht/a

ofmethanol

and

300~400MWpower.These

plants

are

desirable

to

be

constricted

within

5~7years,

under

the

joint

effort

ofpower,

chemical

and

coalmining

sectors.第十九頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略的政策建議（三）The

recommendation

for

implementation

of

polygeneration

system(3)在示范工程的基礎(chǔ)上規(guī)劃今后20～30年、甚至到2050年（每5年為一階段）煤炭現(xiàn)代化利用的容量和這種利用方式占煤炭總消耗量的比例。在多聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)成熟階段（5～10年）內(nèi)，應(yīng)在稅收、貸款利率、國(guó)債資金使用等方面給予一定優(yōu)惠。On

the

base

of

demo-plants,Government

should

defined

thecapacity

and

portion

ofmodernization

of

coal

utilization

inthe

total

amount

of

coalconsumption

in

coming20~30years,

even

up

to

2050.In

the

“l(fā)earning”

period,

theprivileges

in

tax,

low

interestloan,

funding,

should

beconsidered.第二十頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略的政策建議（四）The

recommendation

for

implementation

of

polygeneration

system(4)多聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的推廣必須與電力部門緊密合作，或是共同投資、共同經(jīng)營(yíng)，效益共享。電網(wǎng)必須以合理的價(jià)格收購(gòu)多聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的電力，這是最為重要的。The

implementation

anddeployment

of

polygenerationsystem

must

be

developed

in

the

circumstance

of

closecooperationwith

power

sector,for

instance,

joint

investment,joint

operation,

joint

sharing

ofthe

profits.Electric

grid

must

purchase

theelectricity

generated

bypolygeneration

systems

atreasonable

price,

it

is

the

mostimportant

issue第二十一頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略的政策建議（五）The

recommendation

for

implementation

of

polygenerationsystem(5)在近期（5～10年左右）大力推廣使用摻混甲醇的M15燃料（含甲醇15％）在汽車上的應(yīng)用，大力推廣二甲醚作為液化石油氣的替代。中期(10~15年)逐步推廣二甲醚替代柴油，可以從公共汽車和卡車起步。In

the

near

term(5~10years),

wide-spreadutilization

of

15%

methanolblended

gasoline

(15%,

M15)

should

be

taken

placefor

motor

vehicles,

DMEshould

be

used

asalternative

of

LPG.In

the

intermediate

term(10~15years),

step

by

stepdisseminate

the

DME

asalternative

of

diesel

fuel.第二十二頁(yè)，共二十五頁(yè)。實(shí)施煤氣化多聯(lián)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略的政策建議（六）The

recommendation