MajorsymptomsandsignsofrespiratorydiseasesMajorsymptomsandsignsofre大葉性肺炎

Lobarpneumonia大葉性肺炎

Lobarpneumonia大葉性肺炎大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎SymptomTriggers:“cold”,fatigue,alcoholismOnset:acuteCinicalfeatures:Generalized:chillsandfever(39~40oC,enecia),headach,myalgia,Pulmonary:chestpain,tachypnea,coughandsputum(rusty)SymptomTriggers:“cold”,fatigSignandphysicalexaminationInspection視診Faceflushing,naresflaring,dyspnea,cyanosis,chestexpansionreducedontheaffectedside

Palpation觸診thevocalfremitusPleuralfrictionfremitusSignandphysicalexaminationIPercussion叩診thepercussionnoteisdullorflatovertheaffectedarea.Auscultation聽診breathsoundsisincreasedbronchialbreathsoundsmoistralesvocalresonanceincreasedpleuralfrictionrubifanacutepleuritisexistsPercussion叩診SignsoflobarpneumoniaSignsoflobarpneumoniaPulmonaryemphysemaPulmonaryemphysema呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎Emphysemaisalong-term,progressivediseaseofthelungsthatprimarilycausesshortnessofbreath.Inpeoplewithemphysema,thetissuesnecessarytosupportthephysicalshapeandfunctionofthelungsaredestroyed.ItisincludedinagroupofdiseasescalledchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseorCOPD.Emphysemaisalong-term,progEmphysemaiscalledanobstructivelungdiseasebecausethedestructionoflungtissuearoundsmallersacs,calledalveoli,makestheseairsacsunabletoholdtheirfunctionalshapeuponexhalation.EmphysemaiscalledanobstrucEtiologySmokingIndoorandOutdoorAirPollutionInfectionOccupationalDustsandChemicalsSocioeconomicStatusEtiologySmokingPathologyPathology呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎SymptomsChroniccoughSputumproductionExertionaldyspneaSymptomsChroniccoughSignsInspectionA“barrelchestdeformity”Thechestisonaninspiratoryposition,withtheribshorizontal.Theapexbeat心尖搏動oftheheartisnotvisible.SignsInspectionPalpation：

Thetactilefremitusisdiminishedoverbothsideofthechest

呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎Percussion：

hyperresonance

過清音theareaofcardiacdullnessisdiminishedTheupperlimitofliverdullnessisloweredPercussion：Auscultation：

thebreathsoundsdiminishedinintensityoralmostinaudibleExpirationiscommonlyprolongedRhonchi/wheezesormoistcracklesmaybehearedAuscultation：BronchialasthmaBronchialasthmaSymptomsOnset:childhood/adolencenceFeatures:recurrentattack,seasonalsymptomsTriggers:allergenexposurewithallergicrhinitisDyspneawithwheezing,Coughwith/withoutsputumResolutionwith/withoutmedicationsSymptomsOnset:childhood/adolSignsRapidshallowbreathingProlongedexpirationOrthopneaSweatingCyanosisrespiratorymevementvocalfremitusHyperresonanceDiffusedwheezing,expiratorySignsRapidshallowbreathingPLEURALEFFUSIONPLEURALEFFUSIONPleuraleffusionisexcessfluidthataccumulatesinthepleura,thefluid-filledspacethatsurroundsthelungs.Excessiveamountsofsuchfluidcanimpairbreathingbylimitingtheexpansionofthelungsduringrespiration.Pleuraleffusionisexcessflu呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎SymptomsPleuriticchestpain,relievedonlyingDrycoughDyspnea,ifthefluid>500mlCyanosis,hypotensionFever,heartfailure,edemaSymptomsPleuriticchestpain,

Inspection

：decreasedmovementofthechestontheaffectedsidetheintercostalspacesmayactuallybulgePalpation

：ThevocalfremitusisabsentormarkedlydiminishedpleuralfrictionrubSignsSignsPercussion

：stonydullnesstopercussionoverthefluidThecardiacbordermaybechangedPercussion：Auscultation

：ThevocalresonanceisdiminishedorabsentThebreathsoundsarediminishedorabsentovertheareaoftheeffusion

BronchovesicularbreathsoundsareoftenheardattheupperlimitofthefluidApleuralfrictionrubmaybeheardAuscultation：PneumothoraxPneumothoraxPneumothoraxPneumothoraxisacollectionofairorgasinthepleuralcavityofthechestbetweenthelungandthechestwall.PneumothoraxPneumothoraxisaCausesDiseasesoftheairways:COPD(especiallywhenemphysemaandlungbullaearepresent),acutesevereasthma,cysticfibrosisLunginfectionsInterstitiallungdiseasesCancerendometriosisinthechesttraumaticCausesDiseasesoftheairways:呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病-大葉性肺炎SymptomsTrigger:holdbreath,heavytaker,exercise,coughChestpainanddyspneaThesymptomsofapneumothoraxaredeterminedbythesizeoftheairleakandthespeedbywhichitoccurschestpaininmostcases:suddenonsetofunilateralchestpainSuddenshortnessofbreathinmanydrycoughSymptomsTrigger:holdbreath,Inspection

：Theaffectedsideofthechestmaybehyperexpandedandshowdecreasedmovement,withincreasedmovementontheothersidecyanosisPalpation

：Thevocalresonanceandtactilefremitusisdiminishedorabolishedovertheaffe