高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)提升訓(xùn)練第18頁(yè)共18頁(yè)高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)提升復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練第一部分動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Look!It______(rain)hard.Itseldom______(rain)duringthismonthofayear.2.He__________(break)hislegwhenhe_________(play)inafootballmatchagainstanotherschool.3.Idon’tknowwhenSuzan______(return),butwhenshe______(return),I_____(let)youknow.4.We______(send)foradoctorifyou_________(benot)betterthisafternoon.5.Shefelthappy,forshe_______(begiven)agoldmedalforwhatshe________(do)forthecountry.6.Thefireman_______(go)towardsthefire,which______still______(smoke)then.7.Whilemyfather____(look)throughtheeveningpaper,hesuddenly_____(let)outacryofsurprise.8.Myuncle________(come)toseeus.He__________(arrive)hereafewdaysago.He___________(leave)forSydneytomorrowmorning.9.WhenI_____(enter)theroom,he____(notsee)me.Forhe____(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.10.Wefoundthetask___________(be)muchharderthanwe___________(expect).11.Mysister________(learn)Englishsinceshe_________(be)achild.She________(speak)Englishveryfluently(流暢)now.12.IamsorryI______(keep)youwaitingsolong.Itisallright.I_____(read)thenewspapers.13.Theypromisedthatthey____(bring)usallthenecessarybooksassoonasthey____(have)achance.14.Ican’tfindmyglasses.______you____________(see)them?Yes.You_______(leave)theminthecaryesterday.15.PleasewakemeupifI______still_______(sleep)whenyou_______(come)home.16.I_________(notsee)youforages!Where______you_____(be)I___________(be)toScotland.17.Ican’topenthedoor.I__________(lose)mykey.I_________(lose)itwhileI__________(be)out.18.CCTV_________(broadcast)Englishprogramseversince1977.二、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.learn:a.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______anything,healwaysworkshard.b.Youdon’thavetomakePaul_______anything,healwaysworkshard.2.do:a.Whatwillyou___________next?b.Whatwill____________byyounext?3.say:a.She____________thatMikewasillinbed.b.It____________thatMikeisillinbed.c.Mike_____________tobeillinbed.4.hold:a.Theywill____________theparents-meetingnextMonday.b.Theparents-meetingwill____________nextMonday.5.discuss:a.They____________thequestionsfrom5to6yesterdayafternoon.b.Thequestions______________from5to6yesterdayafternoon.6.putoff:a.Wehadbetternot_______________thesportsmeeting.b.Thesportsmeetinghadbetternot________________.7.cross:a.Inoticedanoldlady___________thestreetjustnow.b.Anoldladywasnoticed______________thestreetjustnow.8.repair:a.Weareto_______________themachinethisafternoon.b.Themachineisto________________thisafternoon.第二部分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)句子中，“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”即是不充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。另外，還有獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。一、動(dòng)詞不定式：1、動(dòng)詞不定式（動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)）的功能：動(dòng)詞不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：It’sgreattoseeyouallhereagain.(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，此處it是形式主語(yǔ))Tocompletethetallbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.(動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ))Hewanttogoshopping.(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ))Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace.(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ))Myhopeistoreceiveyourletters.(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))Thepurposeoftheorganizationistogreetallnewcomerstothecity.

(動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ))Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.(動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，限定room的范圍)Hewenttogoshopping.(動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示went的目的)Heaskedyoutocallhimatteno’clock.(動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ))2、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用：（1）一般式：todo(主動(dòng)式）；tobedone(被動(dòng)式）Ihavemanyclothestowash.（不定式towash作定語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)式，因?yàn)槠渲髡Z(yǔ)是人）Manyclothesaretobewashed.（不定式tobewashed作表語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)式，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是物）Therearemanyclothestobewashed.（不定式tobewashed作定語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)式，主語(yǔ)是物）（2）進(jìn)行式：tobedoingTodaywehavechatrooms(網(wǎng)聊室),textmessaging(手機(jī)短信),e-mailing…,butweseemtobelosingtheartofcommunicatingface-to-face.（不定式的進(jìn)行式，作seem的表語(yǔ)）（3）完成式：tohavedone（主動(dòng)式）；tohavebeendone（被動(dòng)式）ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.（主動(dòng)完成式，作who的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）Theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdleracewasreportedtohavebeenbrokenbyLiuXiang.（被動(dòng)完成式，作Theworldrecord的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式（動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞）：1、動(dòng)名詞的作用：Dancingismyfavorite.（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，It是形式主語(yǔ)）Haveyoufinishedwritingyourletter?（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)）MyjobislearningEnglish.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)）Thiscompanyhasaswimmingpool.(動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，限定pool的范圍)WeareinterestedinlearningEnglish.（作in的賓語(yǔ)，一般主動(dòng)式）Shecametomyweddingwithoutbeinginvited.（作介詞without的賓語(yǔ)，一般被動(dòng)式）Idon’trememberhavingborrowedmoneyfromyou.(作remember的賓語(yǔ)，完成主動(dòng)式)MaryforgetshavingbeingtakentoBeijingwhenshewasveryyoung.（作forgets的賓語(yǔ)，完成被動(dòng)式）Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?(動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ):物主代詞/名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞)IrememberTom’splayingwiththemthatday.(動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，同上)有些動(dòng)詞后面常常接“動(dòng)名詞”，不接動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Sheenjoysreading.這些動(dòng)詞可以歸納為：“keep,delay(延誤),imagine(想象)+mecarfeps”?！癿ecarfeps”的讀音是“霉咖啡不吃”，它包含這些動(dòng)詞：mind(介意),enjoy,can’thelp,avoid/appreciate,risk,finish,excape,practice,suggest(建議)/stand(忍受)Iappreciateyourmakingefforttocome.你能盡力趕來，我很感激。（yourmaking是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作appreciate的賓語(yǔ)）Daveescapedbeingdrowned.Dave逃脫了，沒有被淹死。（beingdrowned作賓語(yǔ)）Weshoulddelayholdingthesportingmeeting.我們應(yīng)該延遲舉辦運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。（holdingthesportingmeeting作delay的賓語(yǔ)）有些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義不一樣。(1)forget,remember,stop,regret這幾個(gè)個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面接不定式表示還沒有做某事，接動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)做了某事：Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworktomorrow.不要忘了，明天把作業(yè)帶來。Iforgetborrowingabookfromthelibrarylastweek,soIborrowanotherone.我忘記了上周在圖書館借了一本書，于是又借了一本。(2)goondoing繼續(xù)做同一件事情；goontodo接下來做另一件事情(3)trydoingsth.試著做某事；trytodo盡量做某事；managetodo做成了某事2、現(xiàn)在分詞的作用（現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行之意）：Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.(作定語(yǔ)，限定man的范圍表,進(jìn)行)Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(被動(dòng)式，作定語(yǔ)，限定film的范圍,表進(jìn)行)Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(作表語(yǔ)，表示film的特點(diǎn)，有主動(dòng)之意)Thepresentsituationisinspiring.當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)鼓舞人心。(作表語(yǔ)，有主動(dòng)之意)Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?(作賓補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充her的動(dòng)作,有主動(dòng)之意)Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。(作賓補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充car的動(dòng)作)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。(作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以改為：Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.)Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。(作方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ))(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。(作條件狀語(yǔ)，可以改為Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.)Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎(作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。(作讓步狀語(yǔ)，該句=Thoughitrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.)Seeingfromthetopofthehill,theyfoundthetownbeautiful.（作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有主動(dòng)之意）3、現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：Singinganddancinghappily,theyenteredtheclassroom.（一般主動(dòng)式，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)）Beingaskedtoansweradifficultquestion,shedidn’tknowwhattosay.（一般被動(dòng)式，作原因或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）=When/Asshewasaskedtoansweradifficultquestion,shedidn’tknowwhattosay.Nothavingheardfrommyparents,Iwrotealetteragain.(完成主動(dòng)式，否定式，原因狀語(yǔ)）=AsIhadn’theardfrommyparaents,Iwrotealetteragain.Havingbeengivenathirdchance,Imustvalueit.（完成被動(dòng)式，原因狀語(yǔ)）=BecauseIhavebeengivenathirdchance,Imustvalueit.三、過去分詞（過去分詞有被動(dòng)或完成之意）：1、過去分詞的作用：過去分詞和它后面的附帶成分一起叫過去分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.（作定語(yǔ)，限定leaves的范圍）Shelookedpuzzled.（作表語(yǔ)，表達(dá)she的表情）Shefoundhermoneystolen.（作賓補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)hermoney的狀況）Heated,watercanchangeintosteam.（作條件狀語(yǔ)，可以改為Ifitisheated）2、過去分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，只有一般式。Ifoundthedooropened.（作賓補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)thedoor的狀態(tài)，有被動(dòng)之意）Inspiredbywhathesaid,Ideterminedtoworkharder.（作原因狀語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)之意）=AsIwasinspiredbywhathesaid,Ideterminedtoworkharder.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.（作時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)之意）=When/Ifitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.四、分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)：如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致，可采用分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.

沒有出租車，我們只好步行。(原因狀語(yǔ))=As/Becausetherewerenotaxis,wehadtowalk.（從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致)Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.冬天來了，天氣越來越冷了。(原因狀語(yǔ))=AsWinterhascome,itgetscolderandcolder.(從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致)Classbeingover,thechildrenwenthome.下課了，學(xué)生們回家去。(原因/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))=After/Astheclasswasover,thechildrenwenthome.(從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致)Nobodybeingintheroom,Ididn'tgoin.由于房間里沒有人，我沒有進(jìn)去。(原因狀語(yǔ))=Asnobodywasintheroom,Ididn’tgoin.(從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致)Weatherpermitting,we'llstarttomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天動(dòng)身。(條件狀語(yǔ))=Iftheweatherpermits,we'llstarttomorrow.(從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致)Hewenttothefrontdoor,hissonfollowinghim.他走向前門，他的兒子跟在后面。(伴隨狀語(yǔ))Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.

她干完了活，坐下來喝茶。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）=Afterherworkhadbeendone,shesatdownforacupoftea.(從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致)Moremoneygiven,wewillsendmoreemployeestothemothercompanytogettrained.（條件狀語(yǔ)，句中“money”和“give”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞）=Ifmoremoneyisgiven,wewillsendmoreemployeestothemothercompanytogettrained.（如果多有些資金的話，我們將把更多的員工送到總公司去培訓(xùn)）有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立成分一般已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示說話人對(duì)說話內(nèi)容所持的態(tài)度或看問題的態(tài)度，如：Generallyspeaking,wedon'tagreewithyou.一般說來，我們不同意你的看法。Consideringhisage,thechildreadsquitewell.鑒于他的年齡，這個(gè)孩子讀得相當(dāng)好。Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.根據(jù)你所說的來看，他應(yīng)當(dāng)成功。五、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的形式是“with+名詞+分詞”，在句子中也是作狀語(yǔ)。Withthecomputerbroken,Mr.Greencouldn’twork.（原因狀語(yǔ)）Hewentintothecavewiththecandleburning.（方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ)）Theyfellasleepwiththedooropen.（方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ)）六、如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作完全同時(shí)發(fā)生，常常用“when/while+現(xiàn)在分詞”形式，此時(shí)它不是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，而是“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即省去“主語(yǔ)+be”如：Becarefulwhen/whilecrossingthestreet.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)一、用所給動(dòng)詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空：1.see(1)_________fromthetopofahill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.(2)_________thedogcameover,littleJackranaway.(3)_________fromthetopofahill,andyou’llfindthecitymorebeautiful.(4)_________moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.2.examine(1)Tomsaidtothedoctor,“Idon’twant__________.”(2)Tomsaidtothedoctor,“Idon’twantyou___________me.”3.repair(1)I’llhavemybrother_________mycomputertomorrow.(2)I’llhavemycomputer___________tomorrow.4.knock(1)WewerewatchingTVwhenweheardthedoor___________.(2)WewerewatchingTVwhenweheardsomeone__________atthedoor.5.do(1)Afterashotrest,wewenton__________theexperiment.(2)Afterwehadthemeeting,wewenton___________theexperiment.6.hear(1)Theteacherspokeloudlysoastomakehimself__________.(2)_________thebadnews,thegirlcriedwithsadness.7.understand(1)Heexplainedagainandagaintomakehimself____________.(2)I’msorryIcan’tmakeyou___________me.8.send(1)Theyoungmanaskedthegovernment__________himtoworkinXinjiang.(2)Theyoungmanasked____________toworkinXingjiang.9.hold(1)Theorganizersexpectedthemeeting_________nextweek.(2)Theorganizersexpected__________themeetingnextweek.10.invite(1)Hewenttoapartywithout__________.(2)Hewenttoapartyalonewithout___________anyoneelse.11.follow(1)___________bysomechildren,weenteredthecanteen.(2)____________ourteacher,weenteredthemeetingroom.(3)____________theguide,andwe’llentertheparkeasily.12.make(1)Theteacheraskedusangrilywhetherwewereusedto______noiseinclass.(2)MyfriendJimaskedmewhetherIusedto_________noiseinclass.(3)Woodisstillusedto_________fireinsomevillages.13.talk(1)Classhasbegun,stop_________witheachother.(2)WhenImeethim,Ioftenstop__________withhim.14.cross(1)Doyounoticetheboy_________thestreetnow?(2)Didyounoticetheboy__________thestreetjustnow?15.discuss(1)Thequestion_________nowatthemeetingisveryimportant.(2)Thequestion_________atthemeetinglastweekisveryimportant.(3)Thequestion_________atthemeetingnextweekisveryimportant.16.follow(1)Theprofessorwentout,___________bysomestudents.(2)Hecamein,withtwolittledogs___________.17.heat(1)When__________,icewillchangeintowater.(2)Whenwe_________theice,itwillchangeintowater.18.carry(1)Theoldmanmadeawoodenbasin__________water.(2)Hemadetheboy__________thewaterwithabasin.19.giveup(1)Whatabout________________smoking?(2)Hehasmadeuphismind__________smoking.20.invite(1)Shewastheonlygirl_________togotothepartylastweek.(2)Someofthegirls__________togotothepartynextweekend.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)二、高考2015年高考題選講。1.【2015·湖南】30.Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkled(皺紋，起皺紋)inanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,________whethertostayorleave.A.wonderingB.wonderC．towonderD．wondered2.【2015·北京】21._____theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.A.Catching. B.Caught. C.Tocatch.D.Catch3.【2015·北京】23.Theparkwasfullofpeople,____themselvesinthesunshine.A.havingenjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.toenjoy4.【2015·北京】31.If___forthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted5.【2015·重慶】6.____inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.Beingraised B.Raising C.Raised D.Toraise6.【2015·重慶】11.Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway____thesunandthestars.A.used B.havingused C.using D.use7.【2015·浙江】18.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit__________liveisquiteanother.A.perform B.performing C.toperform D.beingperformed8.【2015·天津】8.______fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.A.Towork B.Worked C.Tobeworking D.Havingworked9.【2015·天津】5.______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.A.Toabsorb B.Tobeabsorbed C.Absorbed D.Absorbing10.【2015·陜西】17.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton________allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.A.tothankB.thankingC.havingthankedD.tohavethanked11.【2015·陜西】18.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother__________goodcareofathome.A.takingB.takenC.takeD.betaken12.【2015·福建】28._________moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.A.Learn B.Learned C.Tolearn D.Tobelearning13.【2015·福建】33.InrecentyearsanEnglishword"infosphere"hasappeared,_______thesenseof“information”and"atmosphere".A.combine B.combinedC.combiningD.beingcombined14.【2015·江蘇】24.Muchtime_____sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.spending15.【2015·安徽】27.______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Havingignored16.【2015·湖南】34.SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents________whatisbotheringthem.A.totalkoverB.talkedoverC．talkoverD．havingtalkedover非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)二、“高考2015年高考題選講”解析：1.A.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主句的主語(yǔ)she與動(dòng)詞wonder構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用v.-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故選A。句意：當(dāng)那個(gè)小職員看到一張善良的面孔泛起皺紋并歉意地一笑時(shí)，她像生了根一樣站在那兒，不知道是走還是留。2.C.句意：為了趕上早班的飛機(jī)，我們提前叫了出租車并且起得很早。這里邏輯主語(yǔ)是we，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示提前叫出租車并且早起的目的。3.C考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這里是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)。此類題需要先判斷邏輯主語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，然后看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序。4.D.句意：如果錄用你了，我們將很快通知你。本句條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)you，與accept構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞accepted。本題暗含了狀語(yǔ)從句的省略和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，并牢記現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成，不定式表將要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作的原則。做好此類題需要牢記句子中省略，還有主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。5.C.句意：他在格拉斯哥最窮的地方長(zhǎng)大，要想成為足球明星還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。根據(jù)句意可知raise這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是he，他在這個(gè)地方長(zhǎng)大，兩者之間是主謂關(guān)系.從選項(xiàng)看，不定式表示目的和將來；動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，兩個(gè)句子是否共用一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，再者還要注意判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系，從而得出答案來。6.C句意:象古代的水手，鳥能利用太陽(yáng)和星辰來找到他們的路。Using是伴隨狀語(yǔ)或方式。7.D.句意：在家里面聽音樂是一回事，去到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽又是另一回事。hearsb/sthdoing表聽到某人某物做某事。由于音樂是被演奏的，所以需要被動(dòng)形式，所以選D。A是動(dòng)詞原形，B是非謂語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞形式，C是非謂語(yǔ)的不定式，D是非謂語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)形式。8.D。句意：工作了兩天，Steve成功的按時(shí)完成了他的報(bào)告。句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)為Steve，與work之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，這里用havingworked，表示動(dòng)作的完成形式。9.C。句意：全神貫注于繪畫中，約翰沒有注意到晚上到了。短語(yǔ)beabsorbedin全神貫注于，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C。10.A.句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角后，AnneBenedict繼續(xù)感謝所有幫助她演繹生涯的人。goontodo繼續(xù)做不同的事情，goondoing“繼續(xù)做相同的事情”的區(qū)別。11.B.句意：在非洲醫(yī)療援助兩年回來后，Dr.Lee很高興看見媽媽被照顧得很好。hismother和takecareof是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以選B。12.C.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。該句意思為：為了更多了解到中國(guó)文化，杰克決定選擇中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)音樂作為選修課。13.C.句意：最近幾年，一個(gè)叫做infosphere的英語(yǔ)單詞出現(xiàn)了，結(jié)合了“信息”和“氣氛”這兩個(gè)單詞。這里的“結(jié)合”與前面新出現(xiàn)的單詞"infosphere"的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，所以故選C。14.C。上班族們坐在辦工座桌前太久，一般會(huì)受到健康問題的困擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和后面主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，應(yīng)該用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞主語(yǔ)“muchtime”和分詞動(dòng)作“spend”之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作已完成，故用過去分詞，故選C。15.B，考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)?！皐illbe”前面的“______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings”是主語(yǔ)部分，動(dòng)詞原形和過去分詞不能直接作主語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。且you和ignore是主謂關(guān)系，此處是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這里表示同時(shí)發(fā)生，而非先后發(fā)生，因此不用分詞的完成式。16.A。句意：有時(shí)我充當(dāng)了傾聽同學(xué)們談?wù)摕┬氖碌膶?duì)象。此處不定式表示目的，故選A。第三部分復(fù)合句復(fù)合句是指含有狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句和定語(yǔ)從句的句子，所有從句中要用陳述語(yǔ)氣和陳述語(yǔ)序。第一節(jié)狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,since,assoonas,till,once；themoment,thefirsttime,bythetime等I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasImethim.Wewaitedtillhehadfinishedthiswork.Theywon’tgountiltheclassisover.IrecognizedyoutheminuteIsawyou.ThefirsttimeIclimbedontotheGreatWall,Ifeltnervous.小竅門：可以把theminute、thefirsttime等替換成when來理解，這樣，它們引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句就容易理解了。另外注意兩點(diǎn)：1、when/while/as：When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可以接時(shí)間段，又可以接時(shí)間點(diǎn)；while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)接時(shí)間段（動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的）；as常常表示“隨著……；一邊……一邊……”。另外，when常常表示“突然；正在那時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于“atthattime;suddenly”；while常常表示“然而”。例如：Mybrotherfellwhen/whilehewasridinghisbicycle.（“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，是一個(gè)“時(shí)間段”）Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.（“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，是一個(gè)“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”）Wegetwiseraswegetolder.（“隨著……”）IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardsomeonecalledhelp.（“正在那時(shí)，突然”）Theteachercouldnotworkouttheproblemwhilethechildcould.（“然而”，引導(dǎo)并列句）2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)。IwilltellhimaboutitwhenIseehim.（用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示一般將來時(shí)態(tài)）Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.（在賓語(yǔ)從句中，該用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)就用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)）二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有where,wherever,everywhere,nomatterwhereHewillworkwherevermoneyiseasilymade.Hefoundhiscomputerwherehehadleftit.Herdogfollowshereverywhereshegoes.Nomatterwhereyoustudy,youcanimproveyourself.三、目的狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有sothat,inorderthat,incase以防,forfear(that)以免Theystudyhardsothattheycangotocollege.Inorderthathemightgetajob,hewenttoliveintown.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Heputhismoneyintheboxforfearthatit(should)bestolen.（從句中用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣）四、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有so…that,such…that,sothat,withtheresultthat等Thestoneissoheavythatnobodycouldmoveit.Heissohonestthateveryonebelievesinhim.=Heissohonestamanthateveryonebelievesinhim.=Heissuchanhonestmanthateveryonebelievesinhim.Sarawasn’tatschoollastweek,withtheresultthatshemissedanimportanttest.五、原因狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有because,since,as,nowthat=sinceBecause語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，可以用來回答why提出的問題，since和as語(yǔ)氣較弱。Iboughtseveralpensbecausetheywerecheap.Sincetheweatherhasimproved,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasplanned.六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有if如果；unless(不用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣)；incase萬一，如果；onconditionthat在……的條件下；as/solongas只要；once一旦條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。IfitisfinenextSunday,wewillgoforaspringouting.Onecannotlearnaforeignlanguageunlesshestudieshard.PleaseaskhimtowaitforamomentincasehearrivesbeforeIgetback.Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatweshouldreturnitbeforetheweekend.Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytosolveit.Onceyouhearthestory,youwillneverbeabletoforgetit.七、方式狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有as像……一樣；asif/asthough好像，仿佛PleasedoasItellyou.Thechildactasifhewereaman.（是虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.（事實(shí)是：要下雨了，是陳述語(yǔ)氣，不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣）八、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有though,although,eventhugh/evenif,whoever,nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等Though/Althoughheis60yearsold,(yet)helooksquiteyoung.(用了though,就不用but)Whichever/Nomatterwhichbookyouborrow,youmustreturnininaweek.第三部分復(fù)合句第一節(jié)狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題：選擇最佳答案。1.(a).______heheardthis,hegotveryangry.(b).ImetLucy_______Iwaswalkingalongtheriver.(c)._______achild,helivedinthecountry.A.whenB.whileC.AsD.When/While/As2.(a).Wewereabouttoleave_______itbegantorain.(b).ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.A.whenB.whileC.AsD.When/While/As3.(a).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_______greatitis.(b).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.(c).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______difficultyitis.(d).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_____difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever4.(a).Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores_______hewenttotown.(b).Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,_________happens.(c).Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.(d).I’llgivethebookto_______likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however5.(a).Itwillbeyears_______wemeetagain.(b).It’stenyears_______Icametothistown.(c).It’stenyearsago______Icametothistown.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since6.(a)._______latehegoestobed,healwaysgetsupearly.(b).I’dliketogowithyou,__________,myhandsarefull.A.howeverB.HowC.NomaterhowD.but7.(a).Tomfailedintheexamination_________hehadn’tworkedhard.(b).Itrainedlastnight,_______thegroundiswet.(c)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.A.becauseB.forC.Since8.(a).Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_______youleftit.(b).Youarefreetogo_______youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when第二節(jié)名詞從句名詞從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。一、主語(yǔ)從句：一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，該句子就叫主語(yǔ)從句。Thattheearthgoesroundthesunisknowntousall.=Itisknowntousallthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，that不能省略）Whathesaidisimportant.(從句中what是主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，作主語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ))Whenandwherehewasbornisasecret.(when和where是作主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmatteralot.(從句中的whether是引導(dǎo)詞，表示疑問語(yǔ)氣)二、賓語(yǔ)從句：一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，該句子就叫賓語(yǔ)從句。分為三種類型：1、由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，that常?？梢允?。（它在直接引語(yǔ)中原來是一個(gè)陳述句）Shesaid(that)itwasverycoldinMoscow.(that是引導(dǎo)詞，在賓語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分，可省)2、由whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。（它在直接引語(yǔ)中原來是一個(gè)一般疑問句）Henryaskedwhether/iftheywouldcomethenextday.(whether/if是引導(dǎo)詞，表示疑問語(yǔ)氣)3、由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。（它在直接引語(yǔ)中原來是一個(gè)特殊疑問句）Doyouknowwhathewilltellus?(what引導(dǎo)的從句作know的賓語(yǔ))Canyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?(where引導(dǎo)的從句作tell的直接賓語(yǔ))關(guān)于賓語(yǔ)從句的補(bǔ)充說明：(1)在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常常用形式賓語(yǔ)it來替換賓語(yǔ)從句：IthoughtitnecessarythatIshouldstayintheroomtillhecameback.(2)表示“請(qǐng)求、命令、建議”的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，其中，should常常被省略。這類動(dòng)詞可以歸納為：“Idropcaps”：Iinsist,ddemand,rrequire/recommend,oorder,ppropose,ccommand,aadvise,ssuggest.例如：Histeacherinsistedhe(should)giveupplayingonlinegames.Wesuggestedthathefinishthetaskwithintwodays.Weproposedshegotothehospitalatonce.TomsuggestedthatLucy(should)begiventherighttoexpressheropinion.但是注意：如果insist不是“堅(jiān)持要求”，而是“申明某事”，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而是用陳述語(yǔ)氣；同樣，如果suggest不是“建議”，而是“暗示、表明”，也不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳述語(yǔ)氣：Tominsiststhathedidnothingwrong.(因?yàn)榇颂幍摹癷nsist”意思是“堅(jiān)持申明”，不是“要求、建議”，所以它后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳述語(yǔ)氣)Thesmileonherfacesuggests(that)sheisveryhappy.(因?yàn)榇颂幍摹皊uggest”意思是“表明、暗示”，不是“建議”，所以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳述語(yǔ)氣)三、表語(yǔ)從句：一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，該句子就叫表語(yǔ)從句。ThisiswhathedidlastSunday.(引導(dǎo)詞what作表語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ))ThatishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.(引導(dǎo)詞how作表語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ))Whatpeopleareworriedaboutiswhetherwewillbeabletobuildbetterfuture.下列結(jié)構(gòu)常?？闯杀碚Z(yǔ)從句：Itappearsthat…似乎……Itseemsthat…好像……Itturnedoutthat…結(jié)果是……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itappearsthattheyareinneedofmoney.Ithappenedthattheyhadnomoneyonthem.四、同位語(yǔ)從句：一般作某些抽象名詞news,promise,fact等的同位語(yǔ)。Thenewsthathehadbeenkilledsurprisedpeople.（that引導(dǎo)的句子作news的同位語(yǔ)，that在從句中不作任何成分，但that不能省，下同）Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesaroundthesun.ThefactthattheGreatBritainiscomposedof3countriesisunknowntothem.Wordcamethatthegeneralhimselfwouldcometothefront.（word：消息）Hemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)bebroughttoanend.該句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句：Hesuggested(that)themeetingbebroughttoanend.Thecommandergaveanorderthatthearmy(should)advancetenmiles.該句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句：Thecommanderordered(that)thearmy(should)advancetenmiles.Atthemeeting,therewasarealquestionwhetherthegovernmentwouldtakeanaction.（whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句作question的同位語(yǔ)）第三部分復(fù)合句第二節(jié)名詞從句練習(xí)題（2015高考題選解）1【2015湖南】26.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.A.what B.that C.where D.who2【2015北京】33.Itrulybelieve______beautycomesfromwithin.A.that B.where C.what D.why3【2015安徽】25.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot______shipsarebuiltfor.A.what B.whom C.why D.when4【2015浙江】6.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate_________isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.A.what B.who C.that D.whoever5【2015重慶】8.Wemustfindout____Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.A.when B.how C.where D.why6【2015四川】8.Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which1.【答案】Cknow后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。句意：如果你已經(jīng)計(jì)劃好去那里的最佳方案，你必須知道你將要去哪里。2.【答案】A句意：我很相信美麗源自于內(nèi)心!本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句，從句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到連接作用，也可以省略。3.【答案】A句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟從句作表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)從句中的for后缺少賓語(yǔ)，用what引導(dǎo)，what與for連用，表示目的。故選A。4.【答案】A句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，請(qǐng)確定查看水面下有什么？通常總有一些石頭或樹枝藏在水里。這個(gè)句子是由investigate引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閺木洳糠謎s前面缺少主語(yǔ)，5.【答案】A句意：我們必須弄明白Karl什么時(shí)候來，因此我們才能給他預(yù)定房間。Findout后面跟著賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意選when。6.【答案】B本句考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。賓語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，故選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)D擔(dān)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，也錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)意思：這個(gè)展覽告訴了我們，我們?yōu)槭裁匆Ｖ箍諝馕廴径皇俏覀冊(cè)谀膬和Ｖ箍諝馕廴?，故選擇B。第三部分復(fù)合句第二節(jié)名詞從句練習(xí)題：2011-2013年高考名詞從句試題1【2011北京卷22】_________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom2【2011北京卷31】Theshockingnewsmademerealize_________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.what B.how C.that D.why3、【2011上海卷35】Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpret(口譯，說明)isbodilypain. A.what B.if C.how D.that4、【2011上海卷38】Themessageyouintendtoconvey(傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸)throughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_____othersactuallyunderstand. A.why B.that C.which D.what5、【2011山東卷26】Iam