\o"2022屆高考英語閱讀理解解題策略專題五篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題學(xué)案"\t"s://zxxk/docpack/_blank"2024屆高考英語閱讀理解解題策略專題三話題類—天氣、自然、周圍的環(huán)境學(xué)案話題類閱讀解題策略——天氣、自然、周圍的環(huán)境一、專題介紹在高考英語閱讀理解題中，天氣、自然、周圍的環(huán)境是一個熱點話題，其實在寫作中也是一個熱點話題。在我們當今賴以生存的生存的地球上，水資源匱乏、大范圍的旱災(zāi)、江河湖海的污染、動植物生存環(huán)境的破壞，這一切一切都不斷的侵蝕著我們賴以生存的星球，生態(tài)的失衡已經(jīng)為人類的生存敲響了警鐘。作為青少年更應(yīng)該關(guān)注我們的生存環(huán)境，身體力行去為環(huán)境保護貢獻自己的一份力量。二、基本策略和技巧1.熟悉該話題文章的特點 構(gòu)建人與自然和諧關(guān)系是一個永恒不變的話題，人于自然環(huán)境的關(guān)系涉及到方方方面，與人們的生活息息相關(guān)。因此此類文章考查的范圍較廣，如全球變暖、亂伐森林、節(jié)能減排、新能源開發(fā)、大氣和水污染、核輻射和白色污染、生活垃圾處理、瀕臨滅絕動植物保護等。文章多采用說明文、新聞報道或者作者親身經(jīng)歷的敘述等。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)一般是:①列出現(xiàn)象（需要解決的問題）→分析原因→列舉解決辦法（采取措施）；②列出環(huán)保項目→介紹具體內(nèi)容→敘述實施過程→總結(jié)實施的效果或存在的問題等。2.具有相關(guān)話題的詞匯儲備conservev.（conservationn.）保護，保存；ecologicaladj.生態(tài)的；environmentalistadj.環(huán)保論者；environmentallyfriendly環(huán)保的；balancetheecology生態(tài)平衡；recyclableadj.可循環(huán)的；白色污染

white

pollution

（nondegradable

white

plastics）；保護生存環(huán)境

protect

natural

habitats；城市垃圾urban

refuse；二次污染物secondary

pollutant；二氧化碳carbon

dioxide；防風治沙

check

wind

and

control

sand；封山育林

set

apart

hills

for

forestry；國家環(huán)保總局

SEPA

（

State

Environmental

Protection

Administration）；海洋生物

marine

life；化害為利；變廢為寶turntheharmfulintothebeneficialandwasteintovaluable；環(huán)保產(chǎn)品

environmentfriendly

products；環(huán)保意識

environmental

awareness；交通噪音traffic

noise；可再生資源renewable

resources；綠色能源

green

energy

resource

（e.g.

the

solar

power

如：太陽能）；清潔能源

clean

energy；全球變暖global

warming；熱帶風暴tropical

storm；人工降雨artificial

rain；森林覆蓋率forest

coverage；沙塵暴dust

storm;

sand

storm；生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)ecoagriculture；受災(zāi)地區(qū)disaster

affected

area；水土流失

water

loss

and

soil

erosion；死亡人數(shù)death

toll；酸雨

acid

rain；

太空垃圾space

trash；溫室氣體

greenhouse

gases；無公害蔬菜"green"

vegetable；珍稀瀕危物種rare

or

endangered

species；自然保護區(qū)natural

reserve;

natural

preservation

zone；氣象學(xué)

meteorology；攝氏

centigrade;

Celsius；華氏

Fahrenheit；雷

thunder；雹

hailstorm；霜

frost；霧

fog；天氣

weather；氣候

climate；氣候?qū)W

climatology；季風

monsoon；地中海氣候

Mediterranean

climate；秋老虎

Indian

summer3.掌握試題特點和不同題型的解題技巧我們必須運用好解答閱讀理解題的基本策略和技巧，提高答題的速度和準確率。根據(jù)詞義理解、細節(jié)理解、主旨大意、推理判斷等題型特點運用跳讀、略讀、推理等閱讀策略。三、典題回放【典題回放1】DSittingonthepeacefulcoastofGalapagosIslands,Ecuador,watchingthesunmovequietlyintothesea,youshouldn’tforgetthatCharlesDarwin(18091882)arrivedherein1835.Hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeks,observingvariousanimals.Thisfinallyinspired(啟發(fā))hisfamouswork,OntheOriginofSpecies.YoucancertainlyfollowDarwin’sfootstepsandenjoyatripfromfourtosevendaystotheislands.Theislandsarecertainlyaparadise(天堂)forwildlife,astherearenonaturalkillersontheislandsandthenumberofboatsandvisitorsisundergovernmentcontrol.ThoughyoucannotwalkfreelyasDarwindidabout200yearsago,eachdayisasimpressiveasitcouldbe.ThemostwellknownanimalsoftheGalapagosisthegianttortoise(巨型海龜),whichcanbeseenmovingslowlyaroundthehighlandsofSantaCruz,thesecondlargestislandinthearchipelago(群島).SomeofthesecreaturesaresooldthattheymighthavebeenseenintheiryouthbyDarwinhimself.Despitestrictcontroloveractivitiesandtiming,yourstayontheGalapagoswillberememberedasachainofinparablepictures:divingwithsealionsthatswimandplaywithininchesofyou;feelingsmallsharkstouchyourfeetasyouswim;and,mostmagically,seeingawhaleandherbabysurfacewithagreatbreathofair.TravellingbetweentheislandsandobservingthewildlifethatsoinspiredDarwin,youwillfeelasthoughyouaregettingaspecialviewofanuntouchedworld.Atnightyouwillsleeponboardtheship,leavingthewildlifeinpleteoccupationoftheislands,whichareasundisturbednowastheyhavebeensincethebeginningoftime.68.WhatdoweknowaboutDarwin’svisittotheislands?A.HestudieddifferentcreaturesontheislandsB.HepletedhisfamousbookontheislandsC.HewastouchedbythegeographyoftheislandsD.Hewasattractedbywellknownanimalsoftheislands69.Whichofthefollowingplaysaroleinmakingtheislands“aparadiseforwildlife”?A.Animalsontheislandsfeedongrass.B.Localgovernmentforbidskillingwildlife.C.Peoplecannotvisittheislandsastheywish.D.Touristsarenotallowedtotouchtheanimals.70.Yourstayontheislandswillbemostimpressivemainlybecauseof.A.ThebeautifulseaviewsB.Darwin’sinspiringtripC.acloserviewofanimalsD.variousdaringactivities71.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AUniqueAttractionforwildlifeLoversB.CalapagosasaParadiseforAdventuresC.CharlesDarwinasasymbolofGalapagosD.AsuccessfulExampleofwildlifeprotection【答案解析】導(dǎo)語：本文介紹了GalapagosIslands的景點，這是一個冒險家的樂園，達爾文曾在這兒受到啟發(fā)寫出了《物種起源》一書，同時。由于這兒環(huán)境保護得很好，生態(tài)環(huán)境沒有遭到破壞，直到現(xiàn)在依然是旅游的好去處。68.A。細節(jié)理解題。由文中第一段的Hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeks,observingvariousanimals.可知達爾文在這兒觀察了各種各樣的動物。故選A。69.C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段astherearenonaturalkillersontheislandsandthenumberofboatsandvisitorsisundergovernmentcontrol和第四段strictcontroloveractivitiesandtiming...可知原因是當?shù)氐膰栏窆芾?。故選C。70.C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)yourstayontheGalapagoswillberememberedasachainofinparablepictures:…可知，在Galapagos島上能與動物親密接觸。inparable意思是“無與倫比的美，無法比擬的”。故選C。71.A。主旨大意題。這篇文章主要是向我們推薦GalapagosIslands，重點介紹島上的野生動物。題目要具有醒目的特點，方能達到吸引讀者眼球的目的。故選A?！镜漕}回放2】BItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthAmericahavebeenarguingaboutthebenefitsanddangersofwolves.Somegroupsbelievewolvesshouldbekilled.Otherpeoplebelievewolvesmustbeprotectedsothattheywillnotdisappearfromthewilderness(荒野)ForKillingWolvesInAlaska，thewolfalmostdisappearedafewyearsago，becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.However,lawswereestablishedtoprotectthewolvesfromsportsmenandpeoplewhocatchtheanimalsfortheirfur．Sothewolfpopulationhasgreatlyincreased.Nowtherearesomanywolvesthattheyaredestroyingtheirownfoodsupply．Awolfnaturallyeatsanimalsinthedeerfamily.Peopleinthewildernessalsohuntdeerforfood．Manyoftheanimalshavebeendestroyedbytheverycoldwintersrecentlyandbychangesinthewildernessplantlife．Whenthedeercan’tfindenoughfood，theydie．Ifthewolvescontinuetokilllargenumbersofdeer，theirprey(獵物)willdisappearsomeday．Andthewolveswill,too．Sowemustchangethecycleoflifeinthewildernesstobalancetheecology．Ifwekilledmorewolves，wewouldsavethemandtheirpreyfromdyingout．We’dalsosavesomefarmanimals．Inanothernorthernstate，wolvesattackcowsandchickensforfood．Farmerswantthegovernmenttosendbiologiststostudytheproblem．Theybelieveitnecessarytokillwolvesinsomeareasandtoprotecttheminplaceswherethereisasmallwolfpopulation．AgainstKillingWolvesIfyouhadlivedlongago，youwouldhaveheardmanydifferentstoriesaboutthedangerouswolf．Accordingtomoststories，hungrywolvesoftenkillpeopleforfood．Eventoday，thestoriesofthe”bigbadwolf'＂willnotdisappear．Butthefactiswolvesareafraidofpeople,andtheyseldomtravelinareaswherethereisahumansmell．Whenwolveseatotheranimals，theyusuallykilltheveryyoung,orthesickandinjured.Thestrongestsurvive.Nokindofanimalwouldhavesurvivedthroughthecenturiesiftheweakmembershadlived．Andhasalwaysbeenalawofnature.Althoughsomepeoplesayitisgoodsensetokillwolves，wesayitisnonsense!Researchershavefoundwolvesandtheirpreylivinginbalance．Thewolveskeepthedeerpopulationfrombeingtoolarge,andthatkeepsabalanceinthewildernessplantlife．Therealproblemisthattheareaswherewolvescanlivearebeingusedbypeople．Evenifwildernesslandisnotuseddirectlyforhumanneeds,thewolvescan’talwaysfindenoughfood.Sotheytraveltothenearestsource,whichisoftenafarm．Thenthereisdanger．The“bigbadwolf”hasarrived!Andeveryoneknowswhathappensnext．60．Accordingtothepassage，somepeopleinNorthAmericafavorkillingwolvesforallthefollowingreasonsEXCETthat．A．therearetoomanywolvesB．theykilllargenumbersdeerC．theyattackcowsandchickensforfoodD．theydestroythewildernessplantlife61．Somepeopleareagainstkillingwolvesbecause．A．wolveshelptokeeptheecologicalbalanceinthewidenessB．thereistoosmallawolfpopulationinthewildernessC．therearetoomanydeerinthewildernessD．wolvesareafraidofpeopleandneverattackpeople62．Accordingtothoseagainstkillingwolves，whenwolveseatotheranimals，．A．theynevereatstrongandhealthyonesB．theyalwaysgoagainstthelawofnatureC．theymighthelpthiskindofanimalssurviveinnatureD．theydisturbtheecologicalbalanceinthewilderness63．Thelastsentence“Andeveryoneknowswhathappensnext”impliesthatinsuchcases．A．farmanimalswillbeindangerandhavetobeshippedawayB．wolveswillkillpeopleandpeoplewillinturnkillthemC．wolveswillfindenoughfoodsourcesonfarmsD．peoplewillleavetheareaswherewolvescanlive【答案解析】導(dǎo)語：傳說中的狼的形象并非善類，但是作為地球上的一員狼有充分的生存理由，生態(tài)需要平衡。由于人類侵蝕了狼的生存環(huán)境，為了生存狼就會做出一些危害人類利益的事情，甚至威脅人的生命。對狼是捕殺還是保護，不同意見在本文交鋒。60.D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中小標題Forkillingwolves第一段第三行“sothewolfpopulationhasincreased”第三段第一句和第四段第一句話，AgainstKillingWolves第三段的andthatkeepsabalanceinthewildernessplantlife也表示選項D不是原因。不選D。61．A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)小標題AgainstKillingWolves中第三段最后一句Thewolveskeepthedeerpopulationfrombeingtoolarge,andthatkeepsabalanceinthewildernessplantlife．由1和2段知道D項neverattackpeople太絕對，顯然錯誤，不符合題意。故選D。62．C。推理判斷題。小標題Againstkillingwolves中第二段最后兩行可知強者生存，弱者淘汰是自然法則。63．B。推理判斷題。文中最后一段可知狼居住的地方被人類占據(jù)，它們就會跑到就近的農(nóng)場等地吃人，那么人類就會反過來殺死它們,就會發(fā)生人狼大戰(zhàn)。三、鞏固練習Choosethebestanswers:AItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrog’slegs.However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogsoftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplace.Thisseemedlikemoneyfornothing.Thereweremillionsoffrogsinthefieldsaround,andtheywerenousetothevillagers.Alltheyhadtodowascatchthem.Agreementwasreached,andthechildrenweresentintothefieldstocatchfrogs.Everyweekatruckarrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney.Forthefirsttime,thepeoplewereabletodreamofabatterfuture.Butthedreamdidn’tlastlong.Thechangewashardlynoticedatfirst,butitseemedasifthecropswerenotdoingsowell.Moreworryingwasthatthechildrenfellillmoreoften,and,thereseemedtobemoreinsectsaroundlately.Thevillagersdecidedthattheycouldn’tjustwaittoseethecropsfailingandthechildrengettingweak.Theywouldhavetousethemoneyearnedtobuypesticides(殺蟲劑)andmedicines.Soontherewasnomoneyleft.Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadn’tbeenuseless.Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjobeatinginsects.Nowwithsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases.Now,thepeoplearestillpoor.But