課時分層作業(yè)（十二）

I.完形填空

（2021?陜西省教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測）Bytheendoftheyear,HayleyArceneauxwillbe

theyoungestAmericaninspaceandoneofthefirsttouriststoenterorbit

unaccompaniedbyprofessionalastronauts.Itisagreat1,becausesheovercame

achildhoodcancerthat2the29-year-oldgirl'sdreamof3anastronaut

herself.

Duetothebonecancershe4，Arceneauxhassteelnailsinherleft

5_?JaredIsaacman,ayoungAmericanbillionairewitha6loveforspace

exploration,hiredaSpaceXrocketathisown7anddecidedtotakethree

peoplewithhim,includingArceneaux.

“Igotaphonecall8inearlyJanuary,anditasked,'Doyouwanttogoto

9_?'"ArceneauxtoldAFP.“ImmediatelyIsaid,'Yes,yes,absolutely!'"

saidArceneaux,whonowworksforthesamehospitalthat10her.

Asachild,she11theNASAspacecenter."Ofcourse,Iwantedtobean

astronaut,shesaid."ButthenafewmonthslaterIwasdiagnosed（診斷）with

cancer,anditreally12mywholeworld.Untilnow,astronautshavehadto

reallybe13perfect,whichisnotacategorythatI14tobecauseof

operationsI'vehadonmyleg.Andthat'sonethingI'mso15aboutwiththis

task.Itis16toanyone,“Arceneauxsaid.

“Iwouldjustloveto17mypatientstodreambigandnotto18

themselves.AndIreally19toshowthemwhileI'minspacethatabsolutely

anythingis20,“shesaid.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了HayleyArceneaux戰(zhàn)勝

了兒時所患癌癥，將成為美國第一批在沒有專業(yè)宇航員陪伴的情況下進(jìn)入軌道的

游客之一，同時她也是進(jìn)入太空的美國人中最年輕的。

1.A.achievementB.task

C.chanceD.story

A［考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的"becausesheovercameachildhoodcancer”

可知，她戰(zhàn)勝了兒時（患）的癌癥，這是一個巨大的成就。故選A。］

2.A.supportedB.helped

C.touchedD.broke

D［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，癌癥打破了這個29歲的女孩想成為一

名宇航員的夢想。故選D。］

3.A.defeatingB.consulting

C.becomingD.teaching

C［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Ofcourse,Iwantedtobeanastronaut”

及語境可知，HayleyArceneaux的夢想是成為一名宇航員。故選C。］

4.A.dealtwithB.gotthrough

C.putasideD.diedfrom

B［考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)上文中的"becausesheovercameachildhood

cancer”可知，由于HayleyArceneaux患了骨癌，她的左腿里有鋼釘。故選B。］

5.A.armB.leg

C.handD.foot

B［考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的"becauseofoperationsI'vehadonmyleg”

可知，HayleyArceneaux的左腿里有鋼釘。故選B。］

6.A.believableB.instant

C.plainD.crazy

D［考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“hiredaSpaceXrocket”可知，一位年輕

的美國億萬富翁JaredIsaacman對太空探索有著瘋狂的熱愛。故選D。］

7.A.expenseB.speed

C.serviceD.risk

A［考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，JaredIsaacman用自己的開支租下了一

支火箭。故選A。1

8.A.usuallyB.generally

C.suddenlyD.casually

C［考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“ImmediatelyIsaid,'Yes,yes,absolutely!'"

及語境可知，HayleyArceneaux在1月初突然接到了一個電話。故選C。］

9.A.natureB?college

C.spaceD.hospital

C［考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的udecidedtotakethreepeoplewithhim,

includingArceneaux可知，電話那邊的人問Arceneaux想去（探索）太空嗎。故選

Co］

10.A.treatedB.quitted

C.firedD.impressed

A［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“thesamehospital”及語境可知，Hayley

Arceneaux現(xiàn)在就在曾經(jīng)治療過她的那家醫(yī)院工作。故選A。］

11.A.foundedB.visited

C.designedD.decorated

B［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“theNASAspacecenter”及語境可知，

HayleyArceneaux小時候曾參觀過美國宇航局航天中心。故選B。］

12.A.createdB.colored

C.improvedD.changed

D［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“ButthenafewmonthslaterIwas

diagnosedwithcancer”可知，因為癌癥，HayleyArceneaux不能實現(xiàn)自己的夢想了，

她的整個世界都因此發(fā)生了改變。故選D。］

13.A.mentallyB.academically

C.financiallyD.physically

D［考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的"becauseofoperationsI'vehadonmyleg”

可知，HayleyArceneaux因為腿部做過手術(shù)而不能成為宇航員了。由此可推知，

宇航員要有完美的身體狀態(tài)。故選D。］

14.A.seeB.attend

C.belongD.contribute

C［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，HayleyArceneaux不屬于完美的身體狀

態(tài)這一類別。故選C。］

15.A.excitedB.worried

C.confusedD.awkward

A［考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，現(xiàn)在HayleyArceneaux可以參加太空

探險，這使她感到非常興奮。故選A。］

16.A.openB.devoted

C.blindD.harmful

A［考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“toanyone”及語境可知，此處指該活動

對任何人都開放。故選A。］

17.A.allowB.inspire

C.begD.force

B［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“mypatientstodreambigandnotto

themselves”可知，HayleyArceneaux僅僅是想通過自己的行動去激勵自

己的病人。故選B。］

18.A.praiseB.blame

C.limitD.fool

C［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，HayleyArceneaux僅僅是想要通過自己

的行動去激勵自己的病人要有遠(yuǎn)大的夢想，不要限制自己。故選C。］

19.A.hesitateB.hope

C.persuadeD.pretend

B［考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，HayleyArceneaux真的希望能向病人們

展示自己在太空中(的樣子)。故選B。］

20.A.fortunateB.successful

C.correctD.possible

D［考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指一切皆有可能。故選D。］

II-語法填空

(2021?武漢市質(zhì)量檢測)Chinesecharactersdatebacktoancienttimes,witha

historyofatleastseveralthousandyears.ItisagreedthathanzibeganX.

simplepictures,imagesthattheancientChinesepeopledrew,painted,andcarved

2.(describe)natureandtheirlives.

The3.(old)symbolsrecognizableasChinesecharactersarethose

foundonancientanimalbones.These3,000-year-oldsymbols,jiaguwen,

4.(carve)onturtleshellsorbonesofanimals,andcangiveusinsightinto

5.theancientChinesesawtheworldaroundthemandintotheirgreat

creativity.

WhenyoufirstlookatChinesecharacters,youwillmost6.(like)feel

thattheyareverycomplicated.About80%ofChinesecharactersarecomposedof

smaller7.(part),whicharecombinedinmanydifferentwaystoformtensof

thousandsofhanzi.Fortunatelyyouneedtoknowonlyabouttwoorthreethousand

charactersfbrusein8.(day)life.

ChinesecharactersandChinesecultureareinseparablylinked.China'swriting

systemforms9.strongbridgelinkingtheChinesepeopleandcultureofthe

presentwith10.(that)ofthepast.AsChinatakesitsplaceinthe

internationalcommunity,manyinternationalstudentsarestudyingChineseandare

comingtoappreciateChina'simpressiveculture.

【語篇解讀】文章主要介紹了漢字的發(fā)展歷史。

1.as［考查介詞。人們一致認(rèn)為，漢字最初只是一些簡單的圖畫和圖像。

短語beginas意思是“起初是”。］

2.todescribe［考查動詞不定式。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來分析，that從句的主

語是theancientChinesepeople,謂語是drew,painted和carved;而此空要用動

詞不定式作狀語，表示目的。］

3.oldest［考查形容詞最高級。句意：最古老的可認(rèn)出的漢字的符號是在

古老的動物骨頭上發(fā)現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)句子的意思及空前的“The”可知，此處要用形容

詞最高級，表示“最古老的”。］

4.werecarved［考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。這些3000年前的符號-

甲骨文——被刻在龜殼或動物的骨頭上。顯然句子的主語These3,000-year-old

symbols為復(fù)數(shù)，且與謂語動詞carve之間是被動關(guān)系，同時此處描述發(fā)生在過

去的事情，所以栗用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。］

5.how［考查連詞。這些符號可以讓我們深入了解古代中國人怎樣看待周

圍的世界以及他們偉大的創(chuàng)造力。此處表示方式，要用how。］

6.likely［考查副詞。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷，此處要用副詞形式作狀語。

句意：當(dāng)你第一次看到漢字時，你很可能會覺得它們非常復(fù)雜。］

7.parts［考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。后面的whicharecombined...hanzi是一個

非限制性定語從句，由其中的are可知,先行詞栗用parts。］

8.daily［考查形容詞。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷，此處要用形容詞修飾名詞

lifeo短語indailylife意思是“在日常的生活中”。］

9.a［考查冠詞。此處泛指“一座堅實的橋梁”，且strong的發(fā)音以輔音

音素開頭，所以要用不定冠詞a。］

10.those［考查代詞。句意：中國的書寫系統(tǒng)是將現(xiàn)在和過去的中國人和

文化連接起來的一座堅實的橋梁。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷，此空要用代詞代替前

面的theChinesepeopleandculture,指代復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以要用those。］

III.短文改錯

（2021,綿陽市診斷4生考試）Therearetoomanyclassicliteraryworksweshould

readthatit，shardtoknowwheretostart.Watchthemovieversioniscertainlyone

waytogetfamiliarlywithabook.Besiderequiringlesstime,themovieversion

usuallygivesyoumostoftheimportantplotsandcharacterinformations.Itmayalso

helpsyoudecideifthebookisworthreadingit.Readingtheoriginalbooksis

completelydifferent.Withfarmorecharacterandplotdetails,itallowsyouappreciate

thebeautyofthelanguageinthebook.Asforwhichisbetter,itdependsonthatyou

need.Ifyoujustwanttogetthestory,watchthemovieversion;forthemorecomplete

experience,thebookversionisdefinitelybetter.

【答案】

Thereare詈manyclassicliteraryworksweshouldreadthatit，shardtoknow

Watch,..familiarly

wheretostart,而硒themovieversioniscertainlyonewaytogetfamiliar

Beside

withabook.Besidesrequiringlesstime,themovieversionusuallygivesyoumostof

?i?informations,helps,一

theimportantplotsandcharacterinformation'T"111a丫a*sohelp丫°口decideifthe

bookisworthreadingN.Readingtheoriginalbooksiscompletelydifferent.With

A

farmorecharacterandplotdetails,itallowsyouappreciatethebeautyofthe

to

languageinthebook.Asforwhichisbetter,itdependsonyouneed.Ifyoujust