沖刺2024年高考英語(yǔ)真題重組卷（北京專用）真題重組卷04注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。本試卷共19頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。（2023·北京房山·統(tǒng)考一模）IglancedtomyleftandrightasIgotreadyatthestartingline.ThesightofotherpetitorswhohadconfidentandfiercelookingfacesgotmegoosebumpsandIwasevenmore1thanbefore.“Onyourmark,getset...Go!”shoutedtheraceofficial.Ipushedmyselfforwardwithallmy2andstartedrunningasthoughaprideofmaneatinglionswereingafterme.AsIran,Icouldseetheotherpetitorscatchingupwithme.Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.Ahundredpairsofeyesboredintome,watchingme3togetup.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Ijustcouldnotdoit.“No,itcannotendlikethis.Ihaveto4thisrace.”Ithoughttomyself.However,thepainfrommyinjurywassounbearablethatIfelttotally5.Ireallywantedtogiveup.Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindpetitor6herhandtome.“Thankyou...”Iwhispered7asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup.Shelentmehershoulderforsupport,andI8forward.Thecrowdcheeredatthisbrilliantdisplayof9.Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.EventhoughInevergotthechancetolearnhername,IwillalwaysrememberherastheonewhosteppedforwardtohelpmewhenIwasin10.1．A．tired B．confused C．nervous D．regretful2．A．joy B．might C．trouble D．shame3．A．a(chǎn)ttempt B．hesitate C．wait D．pretend4．A．organize B．evaluate C．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．plete5．A．defeated B．inspired C．shocked D．relaxed6．A．waved B．extended C．showed D．pointed7．A．proudly B．cautiously C．a(chǎn)wkwardly D．gratefully8．A．moved B．fell C．bent D．looked9．A．partnership B．sportsmanship C．leadership D．friendship10．A．a(chǎn)nger B．doubt C．need D．silence【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D5．A6．B7．D8．A9．B10．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者在一次跑步比賽中，摔倒了，膝蓋的疼痛讓作者無(wú)法繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。就在作者感到絕望時(shí)，旁邊的選手停下來(lái)，攙扶著作者走向終點(diǎn)線。這讓作者很是感動(dòng)，并會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住這個(gè)在他需要幫助時(shí)，及時(shí)向他伸出援助之手的人。1．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：看著旁邊充滿自信且表情兇神惡煞的其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，我感到渾身起雞皮疙瘩，我比之前更加緊張。A.tired疲憊的；B.confused困惑的；C.nervous緊張的；D.regretful后悔的。根據(jù)前文“Thesightofotherpetitorswhohadconfidentandfiercelookingfacesgotmegoosebumps”可知，此處指作者看著旁邊的人充滿自信感到更加緊張，故選C。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我用盡全身力氣向前沖，盡管后面一群吃人的獅子緊跟在我后面。A.joy高興，喜悅；B.might強(qiáng)大力量，威力；C.trouble困難；D.shame羞愧。根據(jù)后文“andstartedrunning”可知，此處指我用盡全身強(qiáng)大的力量先前沖，故選B。3．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一百雙眼睛盯著我看，看我努力試圖爬起來(lái)。A.attempt企圖，努力；B.hesitate猶豫；C.wait等待；D.pretend假裝。根據(jù)前文“Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.”可知，此處指我在賽跑時(shí)摔倒了，故努力試圖爬起來(lái)，故填A(yù)。4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就這樣結(jié)束了。我必須完成這次比賽”。A.organize組織；B.evaluate評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)；C.appreciate欣賞，感激；D.plete完成。根據(jù)前文“No,itcannotendlikethis.”可知，此處指不能就這樣結(jié)束，我必須完成這次比賽，故選D。5．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我膝蓋上的疼痛如此無(wú)法忍受，以至于我感覺(jué)很泄氣。A.defeated泄氣的，受挫的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的；C.shocked震驚的；D.relaxed放松的。根據(jù)上文“However,thepainfrommyinjurywassounbearable”以及后文“Ireallywantedtogiveup.”可知，此處指我想放棄，因此我是感覺(jué)很泄氣的，故選A。6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)善良的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者向我伸出了手。A.waved揮手；B.extended延伸，伸出；C.showed展示；D.pointed指向。根據(jù)后文“asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup”可知，此處指她向我伸出手，故選B。7．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我抓住她的手，她把我拉起來(lái)的時(shí)候，我感激地說(shuō)著“謝謝你”。A.proudly驕傲地；B.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；C.awkwardly尷尬地；D.gratefully感激地。根據(jù)前文“akindpetitor6herhandtome.”可知，此處指我很感激那個(gè)向我伸出手的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，因此是感激地說(shuō)著謝謝，故選D。8．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她把肩膀借給我支撐，我向前移動(dòng)。A.moved移動(dòng)；B.fell摔，落；C.bent彎腰；D.looked看。根據(jù)后文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.”可知，此處指我支撐著她的肩膀，向終點(diǎn)線移動(dòng)，故選A。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：觀眾為這種杰出的體育精神而歡呼。A.partnership合伙，合作關(guān)系；B.sportsmanship體育精神；C.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能；D.friendship友誼。根據(jù)前文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.”可知，此處指我在比賽中摔倒了，旁邊的人扶著我走向終點(diǎn)，這是一種體育精神，故選B。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我不知道她的名字，但我將永遠(yuǎn)記得她，因?yàn)樗窃谖矣行枰獣r(shí)，走上前來(lái)幫助我的那個(gè)人。A.anger怒氣；B.doubt疑惑；C.need需要；D.silence沉默。根據(jù)前文“Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindpetitor6herhandtome.”可知，此處指她在我需要幫助時(shí)，向我伸出了援助之手，故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A（2022·北京·高考真題）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly11

(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine12smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally13(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.【答案】11．supported12．whether13．has【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹的是人們更喜歡一些味道而不是其它的味道的一個(gè)原因，是因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)氣味的偏好是習(xí)得的，這個(gè)理論也是越來(lái)越多地被專家支持的。11．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被專家越來(lái)越多地支持的一個(gè)理論表明氣味的偏好是習(xí)得的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞做非謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合空格后的byexperts可判斷出該處意為“被專家們支持”，所以空格處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。故填supported。12．考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：解釋我們?cè)鯓哟_定氣味是不是危險(xiǎn)的是容易的：我們學(xué)習(xí)到的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前的determine為及物動(dòng)詞，空格后是主+系+表的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，所以空格處的詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。再結(jié)合句意及空格后句子中的ornot可知，此處考查whether…ornot的搭配。故填whether。13．考查主謂一致。句意：氣體本來(lái)沒(méi)有可識(shí)別的味道。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處的動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，本句話是在陳述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)gas在本文中指的是氣體的統(tǒng)稱，為不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單三形式。故填has。B（2020·北京·高考真題）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Apieceofstone14(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals15（live）alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere16（smart）thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.【答案】14．found15．lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving16．smarter【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親戚尼安德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。14．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明，我們已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親戚尼安德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。句子的謂語(yǔ)為suggests，設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故答案為found。15．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐洲生活了數(shù)萬(wàn)年，直到大約4萬(wàn)年前滅絕。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意，此處是指在滅絕之前一直生活了數(shù)萬(wàn)年。設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在滅絕之前，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)fortensofthousandsofyears。故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)或者過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；又因動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故答案為lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving。16．考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們一直認(rèn)為人類祖先比尼安德特人更聰明。設(shè)空處前為were設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞，設(shè)空處后的than表示比較，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。故答案為smarter。C（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention17globalwaterissues.NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,18thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction19(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld20(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.【答案】17．to18．where19．toaddress20．facing【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。尼娜在32個(gè)國(guó)家跑過(guò)馬拉松。她所有的跑步活動(dòng)都有一個(gè)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問(wèn)題。最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動(dòng)，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個(gè)水會(huì)議。她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。她的努力鼓勵(lì)其他人參與到一場(chǎng)名為“藍(lán)色奔跑”的全球運(yùn)動(dòng)中來(lái)。17．考查介詞。句意：她所有的跑步活動(dòng)都有一個(gè)指導(dǎo)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問(wèn)題。表示“關(guān)注”短語(yǔ)為callattentionto。故填to。18．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動(dòng)，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個(gè)水會(huì)議。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞Chicago，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。19．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知address在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，故用不定式。故填toaddress。20．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知face與邏輯主語(yǔ)people構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填facing。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A（2022·北京·高考真題）Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeerfacilitatedlearningprogrammeavailabletostudentsenrolled(注冊(cè))inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.PASSdoesn’treteachordelivernewcontent.It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineachsession.Thatway,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.WaitinglistsIfasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebeesavailableorifanewsessionistobeheld.Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyouareonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplaceintheprogrammeinthenearfuture.DeregisteringIfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecordyourattendance.You’llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifyoubelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeat

passoffice@umbs.edu..21．InPASS,students________.A．a(chǎn)ttendnewlectures B．decidetheirownschedulesC．prepareproblemsetsingroups D．usetheirskillstosolveproblems22．Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?A．Fillintheattendancesheet. B．Signupforthewaitinglist.C．Reporttheirneedsandfeedback. D．Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.23．Studentswillbederegisteredif________.A．theysendemailsinerror B．theyfailtoworkinteractivelyC．theygivetheirplacestoothers D．theymisstwosessionsinarow【答案】21．D22．B23．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了同伴輔助學(xué)習(xí)課程(PASS)。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.（這是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，在你運(yùn)用技能解決問(wèn)題的同時(shí)，加深你對(duì)課堂材料關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的理解。）”可知，在同伴輔助學(xué)習(xí)課程中，學(xué)生運(yùn)用技能解決問(wèn)題。故選D。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Waitinglists部分“Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.（如果課程滿員，您可以注冊(cè)等待列表。）”可知，如果某一課程滿員，可以注冊(cè)等待列表。故選B。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Deregistering部分“IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.（如果您連續(xù)錯(cuò)過(guò)兩次課程，您將被取消注冊(cè)，你的位置將分配給等待名單上的某個(gè)人。）”可知，如果學(xué)生連續(xù)錯(cuò)過(guò)兩次課程，將被取消注冊(cè)。故選D。B（2019·北京·高考真題）AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,herpanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasupersweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandypany.Heremendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtoothfriendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedherpanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.24．HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A．Shearguedwithhim. B．Shetriedtofindawayout.C．Shepaidnoattention. D．Shechosetoconsultdentists.25．WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A．Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth. B．Itisfreeofsweeteners.C．Itissweeterthanothercandies. D．Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.26．WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A．Toearnmoremoney. B．Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C．Tomakeherselfstandout. D．Tobeatothercandypanies.27．WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A．Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B．Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D．Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied【答案】24．B25．A26．B27．C【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AliceMoore，一個(gè)年輕有為的創(chuàng)業(yè)者的故事，故事告訴我們：積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)成功。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?”及下文她想方設(shè)法最終制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她對(duì)父親的警告的反應(yīng)是：她試圖找到一條出路，解決問(wèn)題。故選B。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.可知，這種糖只使用天然甜味劑，可以減少口腔細(xì)菌，因此它對(duì)牙齒有利。故選A。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.可知，Moore想用她獨(dú)特的才能幫助其他人找到自己的笑容。故選B。27．推理判斷題。文章主要講述了Moor的創(chuàng)業(yè)故事，她之所以能成功，源于面對(duì)問(wèn)題和困難時(shí)，她樂(lè)觀地看待問(wèn)題，積極地想方設(shè)法去解決問(wèn)題。因此，通過(guò)她的故事讓我們懂得積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)成功。故選C。C（2021·北京·高考真題）Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanonhumanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstilluncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersoftheingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Scientific. B．Credible.C．Original. D．Relevant.29．Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A．worried B．puzzledC．surprised D．scared30．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B．Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C．Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D．Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.【答案】28．D29．A30．B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的概念。數(shù)百名科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者在去年12月發(fā)表的一封公開(kāi)信中向全人類發(fā)出了警告：政策制定者和我們每個(gè)人必須直面“全球崩塌”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章具體闡釋了學(xué)者們對(duì)這一概念的定義、理解和它的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。28．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該詞所在的具體語(yǔ)境，第三段第一句“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstilluncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.”（呼吁公眾對(duì)世界不確定性的關(guān)注，尤其與此時(shí)此刻的情況密切相關(guān)：此時(shí)此刻，在世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家，仍處于無(wú)法控制流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的泥潭中），下文也提到，一場(chǎng)病毒肆虐，一個(gè)國(guó)家社會(huì)停止了運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，大流行無(wú)法控制，經(jīng)濟(jì)下行，這樣的事情在不久之前都是無(wú)法想象，不可思議（unthinkable）的，即世界充滿了不確定性。而此時(shí)此刻呼吁人們對(duì)這種unthinkable加以關(guān)注，正是和此時(shí)此刻的世界實(shí)況密切相關(guān)。A.Scientific科學(xué)的；B.Credible可信的，可靠的；C.Original原來(lái)的，原創(chuàng)的；D.Relevant相關(guān)的，有重大關(guān)系的。根據(jù)上面的分析，僅有D符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。29．推理判斷題。本題要求判斷作者的情感態(tài)度，根據(jù)原文第五段“yetmessengersoftheingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.”（然而未來(lái)崩潰的先行信號(hào)很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來(lái)會(huì)變好）和倒數(shù)最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他們說(shuō)，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來(lái)沒(méi)那么糟?！保┛芍?，作者認(rèn)為公眾對(duì)“全球崩塌”的重視意識(shí)不夠，比較擔(dān)心，A.worried擔(dān)憂的；B.puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.scared害怕的，綜合以上的分析，可見(jiàn)作者對(duì)此是“擔(dān)憂的”，故選A。30．推理判斷題。原文詩(shī)歌“Manisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope.”（人類是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于無(wú)可救藥的幻想中）表達(dá)的是，人類無(wú)視未來(lái)全球崩塌的巨大危險(xiǎn)，把頭埋進(jìn)沙子里，假裝不知道，充滿不切實(shí)際的幻想和希望。而詩(shī)歌前面的段落就提到“yetmessengersoftheingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.”（然而未來(lái)崩潰的先行信號(hào)很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來(lái)會(huì)變好），結(jié)合上下文，這里指的是人們都幻想著未來(lái)就會(huì)變好。詩(shī)歌之后的最后一段則提到執(zhí)著于“quietinghopethatignorespreparedness.”（掐滅不做準(zhǔn)備的空有幻想），接著又借學(xué)者之口，提到“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他們說(shuō)，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來(lái)沒(méi)那么糟?！保┛梢?jiàn)，上下文一脈相承，表達(dá)相同的一方觀點(diǎn)，未對(duì)另一方的觀點(diǎn)有任何呈現(xiàn)，理解文章后可知，作者有明顯的態(tài)度傾向，作者對(duì)于這首詩(shī)表達(dá)的信息是贊同的，故選B。D（2019·北京·高考真題）Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbeeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesintheingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”31．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial. C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.34．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethepositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.【答案】31．B32．A33．D34．C【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象的原因是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用，它們?cè)诤Ｑ蟊砻嫘纬闪宋孱伭膱D案，現(xiàn)在浮游植物受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響，讓浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)更加旺盛，所以海洋相應(yīng)會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，到本世紀(jì)末，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。結(jié)合第二段Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取決于海洋的類型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。故選B。32．猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并會(huì)影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。由此可判斷，浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響，也就是很敏感。故A項(xiàng)正確。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbeeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，Dutkiewicz的模型預(yù)測(cè)，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)色區(qū)域可能會(huì)變得更藍(lán)。但是在一些水域，比如北極，氣候變暖會(huì)使浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，而這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，浮游動(dòng)植物就更多了，這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。故D項(xiàng)正確。34．主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，到本世紀(jì)末，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠，接下來(lái)詳細(xì)講述了原因。故C項(xiàng)正確。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2022·北京·高考真題）Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.35Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.36Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.37Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.38Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.39This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A．Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B．Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.C．Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D．Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E．Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F．Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G．Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.【答案】35．G36．B37．D38．F39．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是健康和健身之間密不可分的關(guān)系以及我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些健身的方式來(lái)讓自己有一個(gè)健康的身體。35．根據(jù)空前“Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.(健康和健身幫助一個(gè)人過(guò)上良好和健康的生活。由于各種各樣的壓力，我們往往會(huì)忽視自己的健康。)”可知因?yàn)楦鞣N壓力，我們的健康容易被忽視，根據(jù)空后“Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.(正是我們身體的健康水平幫助我們對(duì)抗這些疾病。)”可知身體的健康可以讓我們應(yīng)對(duì)各種疾病，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講忽視健康對(duì)我們的身體及生活的影響。G項(xiàng)“Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.(這使我們的身體遭受痛苦，而且我們會(huì)感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G項(xiàng)中的otherdiseases與空后的thesediseases相互照應(yīng)，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。36．根據(jù)空后“Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.(為了擁有一個(gè)健康的身體我們需要健康。同樣，如果我們是健康的，我們自然會(huì)被保持健康的身體所吸引。)”可知健康的身體與健身是密不可分的，空處位于句首，應(yīng)是本段的主旨句，B項(xiàng)“Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.(健康和健身是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。)”概括全段的主要內(nèi)容，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。37．根據(jù)空前“Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(健康是在特定時(shí)間內(nèi)我們身體的狀態(tài)。我們可能沒(méi)有任何疾病，但身體仍然虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)被病毒攻擊。)”可知我們的身體雖然沒(méi)有生病，但也很虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)生病，根據(jù)空后“Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.(這并不一定意味著我們不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我們是不健康的?？仗幊猩蠁⑾?，所以空處應(yīng)該舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體在虛弱的情況下會(huì)生病這樣一種狀況，D項(xiàng)“Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.(例如，我們可能很容易感冒。)”舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體會(huì)在虛弱的情況下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D項(xiàng)的wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily這種情況，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。38．根據(jù)空前“Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，花些時(shí)間在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我們應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去健身，根據(jù)空后“Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.(例如，我們必須每天鍛煉，不管我們的年齡和工作方式。)”可知我們應(yīng)該每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些活動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)行鍛煉，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.(在我們的生活中有一些活動(dòng)是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。39．根據(jù)空前“Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.(我們每天至少應(yīng)該有6到8個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠。它有助于改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們抵抗疾病。)”可知我們應(yīng)該保障充足的睡眠，根據(jù)空后“This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.(這反過(guò)來(lái)又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)。)”可知充足的睡眠會(huì)對(duì)我們