ReadingUnit5Meetingyourancestors

Whoarethepeopleinthepicturesandexcavate

culturalobjectscollectidentifyandanalyzeAnarchaeologistissomeonewhostudiesthebuildings,graves,toolsandotherobjectsofpeoplewholivedinthepast.Whatarethey/ishedoing?HuntinganimalsCatchingfishandrubbingstonesforfireswearinganimalskins

makingfiresinacaveCuttingfatandmeatfromanimalbonesWhatobjectswereusedbytheprimitivepeople?12345678910Whoarethey?PekingManPekingManSiteOneofthemostsignificantarchaeologicalfindsin20thcenturyZhoukoudianisarelicofprimitiveculture,48kilometerssouthwestofdowntownBeijing,whereLonggushan(dragonskeletonmountain)isstanding.Severaldecadesago,localfarmersminedlime-stone（石灰石）inZhoukoudian,cameuponsomebonefossils化石andcalledthem“theDragonBones”.Zhoukoudianbecameknownas“DragonBoneMountain”.Drugstorespurchasedthebonesasamedicalingredient材料.Thenewsaboutthe“magicbones”drewattentionofscientists.In1929theselime-stonecavesbecameworldfamouswiththediscoveryofaskull頭骨andtwoteethdatingback200,000to500,000years.TheywerenamedPekingMan.ButthefossilswerelostduringWorldWarII.Manyoftheimplements工具usedbythoseearlyhumans,andbonesofanimalstheyhuntedareondisplayatamuseumnearthesiteofthediscovery.Withthesteadilyincreasednumberofvisitorsfromallovertheworld,ZhoukoudianhasbecomeascenicspotofBeijing.ReadingSkimming1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThefarmingandhuntingoftheearliestpeopleB.TheintroductionofagroupofEnglishstudentswhowenttotheZhoukoudiancavesC.ThetradebetweentheearliestpeopleD.AbriefintroductionofthelifeoftheearliestpeopleintheZhoukoudiancavesinChinaScanningHomesToolsDresscaves,perhapswithskinstokeepoutthecoldscrapers,boneneedlesanimalskinssewntogetherwithneedlesandthread,necklaceswritedownthethreewaysinwhichthelifeofearlypeoplediffersfrommodernones.Accordingtothepictures,tellthe3topicsthatthearchaeologisttalkedabout.Topic1Topic2Topic3_______inthecaveWhatwecanlearnfroma_____Whatwecanlearnfroma_____Topic1：Lifeinthecave(beginning-line23)1.WheredidPekingmenlive?2.Howdidtheykeepwarm?3.Whatwideanimalswerethere?1.WheredidPekingManlive?Theylivedincaveshigherupthehill.2.Howdidtheykeepwarmduringthefreezingwinter?Theyusedfireplacesinthecenterofthecave.Theymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouth.3.Whatwideanimalswerethere?Thereweretigersandbears.Theseweretheirmostdangerousenemies.Topic2:needle(line24-line37)Task1：DescribetheneedleforusTask2：Howdidtheymakeclothesfromanimalskin?payattentiontotheconnectivewords,suchasfirst,second,then,after,finallyItisatmostthreecentimeterslongandmadeofbone.Thereisaholeinit.Howdidtheymakeclothesfromanimalskin?Itseemsthattheyusedthe________________to______animalsandremovetheirskin.Then____________wereprobablyusedto_______thefatandmeatfromtheskinAfterthattheywould___anampleamountofsaltontotheskintomakeit___Finallycutitand___thepiecestogether.Quiteadifficultand____task.sharpenedstonetoolscutupsmallerscrapersremoverubsoftsewmessyWhat’sthenecklacemadeof?Somebeadsweremadeofanimal_______butsomeweremadeof______.bonesshellsWhywasthearchaeologistsurethatsomebeadsweremadeoffishbones?Asthebotanicalanalyseshaveshownus,thereusedtobealargeshallowlake.Topic3:necklaceTheytraveledtotheseasideontheirjourneys.Whatwasthestudent’spuzzle?Howdidthoseseashellsgettheresinceitwasmilesfromthesea?Reason

1:__________________________________.Reason2:__________________________________.Therewastradebetweenearlypeople.ComparemodernpeopleandPekingman,andfinishthefollowingform.Post-readingModernpeoplePekingManPlaceforlivingFoodClothingFurnitureEntertainment

Stone,woodenorbrickhouseCaveWooden,specialforeachroomfireplaceTV,sport,films,jobhobbies,educationMealstogetherFruit,vegetables,meatandfish,etc.Meat,fish,berriesandfruitinseasonNaturalandman-madefibresskins,leavessummaryAgroupofstudentscametoZhoukoudianfora____.Anarchaeologistshowedthemaround.Hetoldthemitwasherethattheyfound_____oftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthis______oftheworld,anditwasreasonableto____theyhadlivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.Wehaddiscovered________inthecenterofthecaves.Itseemedthattheymighthaveuse______stonetoolstocut___theanimaland_____theirskintosewthepiecestogether.Maybetherewas_____betweenearlypeople.Theydidn't’____theirowncrops,butpickedfruitandkilledanimals.visitevidencepartassumefireplacessharpenedupremovetradegrowSummaryII.Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1.Wheredothecaveslie?A.Intheforest.B.Ontheseaside.C.Atthefootofthehill. D.Higherupthehill.2.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderabouthowearlypeoplemadeclothes?a.cleanthefatandmeatfromtheskinb.cutuptheanimalsc.rubsaltinsidetheskin d.removetheskine.sewthepiecestogetherA.b-d-c-a-eB.b-d-a-c-eC.b-a-d-c-eD.b-a-c-d-e3.Whichofthefollowingshowsustheearliestpeopleandthemodernpeoplehavesomethingincommon?A.PeoplehunganimalskinstokeepoutthecoldB.PeoplenevergrewtheirowncropsC.PeopleusescienceD.Peoplecareabouttheirappearance4.Whatcanweinferfromthesentences---“Thisonelooksverylikeafishbone.Isitreasonable?---Yesindeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshaveshownus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.Probablytherewerefishinit.”?A.Beinganarchaeologistneedsawiderangeofknowledge.B.Alakeisnotthesea.C.Peoplecanidentifythefishbythecolour.D.Afishbonecanbemadeintoanecklace.1.alternativen．

somethingthatyoucanchoosetodooruseinsteadofsomethingelse替換物Therearesomealternativestoourplan.有幾種方案可以代替我們的計(jì)劃。Explanation2.Youmustbeawarethatit'sherethatwefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld.想必你們知道,正是在這兒我們找到了居住在世界這個(gè)部分最早人類的證據(jù)。

Hehadnoalternativebuttogotherealone.他別無選擇,只好一個(gè)人去那兒。

a.

Youmustbeawarethat…主句后接由強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句組成的賓語從句。must是作為情態(tài)動詞表示肯定推測,譯作“一定,肯定”。只用于肯定推測。對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)推測，用“mustdo”。Youmustbehungryafteralongwalk．走了很長的路,你一定很餓。

對正發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行推測,用“mustbedoing”。Thelightison.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow．

燈亮著,他一定正在做作業(yè)。

對過去的事進(jìn)行推測,用“musthavedone”。Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.

地是濕的,昨晚一定下雨了。此時(shí),應(yīng)注意反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。如果句中有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,反意疑問句用“didn’t+主語”;如果句中無表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,反義疑問句用“haven’t/hasn’t+主語”。Hemusthavearrivedherelastnight,didn’the?他一定昨晚就來這兒了,不是嗎?Hemusthavearrivedhere,hasn’the?他一定來這兒了,不是嗎?b.awareadj．意識到的,知道的。通常用作表語。

Weshouldbeawarethatalotofanimalsarebecomingendangered．

我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識到許多動物正瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。beawareofsth.知道；意識到Thoughmostsmokersareawareofthedangersofsmoking,theywon'tgivenup.

c.it’sherethatwe…是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,其基本句式是Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語,賓語和狀語。ItwasyourmotherwhomImetinthestreet．

我在街上碰到的是你的母親。

ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourmother.

我是在街上碰到你母親的。

Itwasshewhohadbeenwrong.錯的是她。Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay___matters.(2005天津高考)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,此時(shí)應(yīng)用that來引導(dǎo)。

d.“Wholivedinthispartoftheworld”是定語從句修飾先行詞people。people在定語從句作主語,故用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.Wehavebeenexcavatinghereformanyyearsand...[考點(diǎn)]havebeendoing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止一直在進(jìn)行的動作，這個(gè)動作可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能停止了。[考例]CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineschool,whereshe___Englishforayear.(湖南2007)A.studies B.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying[點(diǎn)撥]根據(jù)句子提供的時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間狀語forayear選D。此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一年以來她一直在學(xué)英語。4.I’msorryto

interruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?很抱歉打擾你,我想問問他們是怎么在這里生活的？

句型“I’msorry...but...”是口語中委婉的表達(dá),“but”表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折?！狝reyoufreethisweekend?—I’msorry,butlhavelotsofworktodo．---周末有空嗎?---對不起,我有大量的事要做。2)打岔;插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.“Don’tinterrupt,”hesaid.1)阻斷,中斷Hisstudieswereinterruptedbythewar．Don’tinterrupthim,forhehasn’tfinishedyet.interruptv.打擾，打斷，阻礙。常有“使……停止(中斷)”的意思。

Hisspeechwasconstantlyinterruptedbyapplause.

disturbv.打擾,妨礙。常指失去了正常的狀態(tài)或?qū)е吕щy產(chǎn)生。

Baddreamsdisturbedhersleep.區(qū)別:interrupt和disturb5.Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandotherobjects.我們在山的比較高的洞穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)了動物和人類的骨頭以及工具和其他物品。aswellas

1)conj.aswellas可以用來連接兩個(gè)相同的成分,如名詞,形容詞,動詞,介詞,通常不位于句首。意為“不但......而且”。

2)prep.相當(dāng)于besides,inadditionto，意為“除......之外”,后面通常接名詞或動詞。

Aswellaseatingfivecoursemeals,theydranktwobottlesofwine.Shesingsaswellasplayingthepiano.HelenaswellasIiseagertoseetheperformance.6.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold．

因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧寒冷住在這些洞穴里。assumevt.

1)tothinkthatsomethingistruealthoughyouhavenoproofofit假定：設(shè)想Thescientistsassumethattherearenoanimalsonthemoon．

科學(xué)家設(shè)想月球上沒有動物。2)topretend裝作Sheassumedalookofsurprise．

她裝出一副吃驚的樣子。regardlessofprep.1)withoutbeingaffectedbydifferentsituations,problems,etc.不管;不顧Heclimbedthebuilding,regardlessofthedanger．

不管有多危險(xiǎn),他還是爬上了大廈。2)inspiteofWewillpersevereregardlessofpastfailures.

盡管以前我們失敗過,但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。7.Itseemsthattheymighthaveusedsharpenedstonetoolstocutuptheanimalsandremovetheirskin.[考點(diǎn)]mighthavedone是“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”，表示對過去情況的推測。此外，“must/can/could/may+havedone”也表示對過去發(fā)生的事情或情況的推測。[考例]—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—You__itinthewrongplace.(江西07)A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveput[點(diǎn)撥]根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知是對過去情況的推測，排除A、C;根據(jù)句意“你可能是放錯了地方”選D。B項(xiàng)中的shouldhavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做某事,但實(shí)際上未做”。2)inspiteofWewillpersevereregardlessofpastfailures.

盡管以前我們失敗過,但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。8.Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm,cookedthefoodandscaredwildbeastsawayaswell.他們用這火取暖、做飯,還能用火嚇跑野獸。1)would表示猜測,譯為“想必……”、“肯定會……”。2)keepthemwarm為keep+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使......處于某種狀態(tài)（情況）”。用作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞以及介詞短語。Hekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour.

Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.9.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.

我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。a.“havebeenexcavating”是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的繼續(xù)。Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven’tfoundit．

我已經(jīng)找了三天我丟的書,但仍沒找到。b.句中“which”用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為其前的句子。c.suggestvt.tomakeevidentindirectly;imply意為“暗示,意味,表明”Herpalefacesuggeststhatshewasill.她蒼白的臉色表明她病了。Thehandwritingofthelettersuggeststhatthelettermightbefromalady．從書信的字體上看,寫信人是一位女性。Asilencethatsuggesteddisapproval.沉默暗示著反對。Hisfacesuggestsheishappynow．從他臉上能看出他現(xiàn)在很幸福。Hisbadmannerssuggestalackoffamilyeducation．他的無禮反映了他缺乏家教。

但當(dāng)suggest作“建議”講時(shí),其用法為:

(+doing)Isuggesthergoinghomeatonce．

我建議她馬上回家。+(that)…shoulddo…Isuggested(that)she(should)gohomeatonce．我建議她要馬上回家。---Howdoyou___wegotoBeijingforourholid