2012屆高考英語（新課標）備考方案（針對高三考生）

第二講

1IhearandIforget,IseeandIremember,IdoandIunderstand.------JohnDewey

聽而易忘，見而易記，做而易懂。

----約翰?杜威Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtile(=subtle);naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores.

------FrancisBacon

史鑒使人明智，詩賦使人巧慧，數(shù)學使人精細，博物使人深沉，修行使人端莊，邏輯、修辭使人擅辯，凡有所學，均受陶冶。----弗蘭西斯?培根

2完形填空和閱讀理解的復習方法綜述：完形填空和閱讀理解均為考查考生在篇章層面上綜合語言的運用能力。完形填空偏于在短文背景下對詞法、語法、慣用法、上下文等基礎知識、基本語用、人文背景等的考查。閱讀理解則是全面考查考生的綜合語言運用能力，即語言技能（聽、說、讀、寫），語言知識（語音、詞匯、語法、功能、話題），情感態(tài)度（動機興趣、自信意志、合作精神、祖國意識、國際視野），學習策略（認知策略、調控策略、交際策略、資源策略），文化意識（文化知識、文化理解、跨文化交際意識和能力）。進一步考查考生用英語獲取信息、3處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重考查考生用英語思維和表達的能力；進一步拓寬國際視野，增強愛國主義精神和民族使命感，形成健全的情感、態(tài)度、價值觀，為未來發(fā)展和終身學習奠定良好的基礎。

4完形填空復習方法近十年來，尤其近五年，完形填空的設計更強調了“突出語篇，強調應用，注重實際”的原則和理念。符合新課標對語言測試的交際性和交際能力的考查。因此，考生要學會在掌握全篇短文思路的基礎上去偽從真、去粗取精。復習時，反復閱讀正確的原文是答好這種類型試題的不二選擇。要牢記記復習不等于做題。復習時，以閱讀理解正確原文為主，輔之以探究出題者的思路和手法，要比做模棱兩可的試題更有效，正確印象也更深。復習方法如下：將完形填空試題分組，每組十題或二十題，先讀原文，再讀5試題,分析出題者的思路，做題時出錯的原因。而后做五篇試題檢驗，周而復始，練到熟能生巧，水到渠成的地步。下面看實例（2011全國新課標試題）：Inourdiscussionwithpeopleonhoweducationcanhelpthemsucceedinlife,awomanrememberedthefirstmeetingofanintroductorysciencecourseabout20yearsago.Theprofessormarchedintothelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans（豆）,andinvitedthestudentstoguesshowmanybeansthejarcontained.Afterlisteningtoshoutsofwildlywrongguessestheprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthecorrectanswer,andwenton

6saying,”Youhavejustlearned

animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Nevertrust

yourownsenses.”Twentyyearslater,thewoman

couldguesswhattheprofess-orhadinmind.Hesaw

himself,perhaps,asinvitinghisstudentstostartanexciting

voyageintoanunknownworldinvisible（無形的）tothe

professor

,whichcanbediscoveredonlythroughscientific

methods

.Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptoreven

heartheinvitation.Shewasjustbeginning

toun-derstandtheworld.Andshe

believed

thatherfirsthandexperience7couldbethetruth.Theprofessor,however,saidthatitwaswrong.Hewastakingawayheronlytoolforknowingandwasprovidingherwithnosubstitute.“Irememberfeelingsmallandfrightened,”thewomansays,“andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.Idropped

thecoursethatafternoon,andIhaven’tgonenearsciencesince.試題：Inourdiscussionwithpeopleonhoweducationcanhelpthemsucceedinlife,awomanrememberedthefirstmeetingofanintroductory36

courseabout20yearsago.Theprofessor

37thelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans（豆）,andinvitedthestudentsto38howmanybeansthejarcontained.After39

shoutsof

8wildlywrongguessestheprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe40answer,andwentonsaying,”Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”Twentyyearslater,the43couldguesswhattheprofessorhadinmind.He44himself,perhaps,asinvitinghisstudentstostartanexciting45intoanunknownworldinvisible（無形的）tothe46totheprofessor,whichcanbediscoveredonlythroughscientific

47.

Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptoreven48theinvitation.Shewasjust49tounderstandtheworld.Andshe50

thatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethe51.The9professor,however,saidthatitwas52.Hewastakingawayheronly53forknowingandwasprovidingherwithnosubstitute.“Irememberfeelingsmalland54,”thewomansays,“andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.I55thecoursethatafternoon,andIhaven’tgonenearsciencesince.36.A.

artB.historyC.scienceD.math37.A.searched

forB.lookedat

C.gotthroughD.marchedinto38.A.countB.

guessC.reportD.watch39.A.warning

B.givingC.turningaway

D.listeningto1040.A.readyB.possibleC.correctD.Difficult41.A.learnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken42.A.loseB.trustC.sharpenD.Show43.A.lecturerB.scientistC.speakerD.woman44.A.describedB.respectedC.sawD.served45.A.voyageB.movementC.changeD.rush46.A.professorB.eyeC.knowledgeD.Light47.A.modelB.sensesC.spiritD.methods48.A.hearB.makeC.presentD.refuse49.A.suggestingB.beginningC.pretendingD.waiting50.A.believedB.doubtedC.provedDexplained51.A.growthB.strengthC.faithD.truth1152.A.firmB.interestingC.wrongD.acceptable53.A.taskB.toolC.successD.connection54.A.cruelB.proudC.frightenedD.brave55.A.droppedB.startedC.passedD.Missed簡析：該文描述一位十七歲的少女因恐懼老師教授的認識世界的科學方法而最終放棄學科學的憾事。短文既有對學生的遺憾，又有對老師教學方法需要改進的期待。該文難度一般，第三段略有難度，須仔細推敲。有個別詞匯不是常見的含義，要引起注意。下面具體分析。36.

答案C。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的倒數(shù)第二句可知，此處介紹的是一次有關科學講座。37.

答案D。指教授走進報告廳，把一罐干豆子放在講桌上。marchedinto（走進）。1238.答案B。教授請學生們“猜一猜”罐子里盛了多少顆豆子。39.答案D。當“聽到”學生們七嘴八舌地亂猜一通之后，教授臉上露出了慘淡的、干癟的笑容。言外之意是教授痛心學生們還不會用科學的方法認識世界。40.答案C。41.答案A。42.答案B。教授所講的第一堂課就是，學習科學不可主觀臆斷不可只相信自己的感覺。43.答案D。44.答案C。See…as…相當于thinkas意思是“認為，看作”。該句的意思是說“他或許自認為在邀請學生們開始步入眼睛所看不到的令人激動的未知世界的汪洋大?！薄?5.答案A。參見上一題解釋。46.答案B。解釋參見44。47.答案D。48.答案A。根據(jù)前后意思，該句中的invitation不是“邀請”而是“號召、勸導”等含義。這里表示十七歲13的女孩不接受，也不聽（教授）的勸說。該題略有難度。

49.答案B。50.答案A。年幼的女孩只相信自己的親歷的，不相信沒有經(jīng)歷過的教授的話。51.答案D。52.答案C。教授以為女孩的想法是錯的。53.答案B。教授把女孩認識世界的唯一手段（tool）剝奪了，有又沒有給她提供替代物（substitute），這是最終導致女孩和科學漸行漸遠的原因。54.答案C。因為女孩沒有了認識世界的工具或手段，所以感到渺小而心存恐懼。55.答案A。根據(jù)意思，此處的drop不是“滴落”而是“放棄、拋離”，相當于abandonordiscontinue。表示女孩對科學心存畏懼而放棄學習了。142012測試卷完形填空DashofHope"Dash"isasymbolwhichrepresentseverydaywe'vespentaliveonearth.Therefore,howyouspendyour"dash"isimpor-tant.RecentlyI

36

aboutalittlegirlnamedHope.Afterlearn-ingmoreaboutherlife,Icouldn'thelpbutfeelitwasnotby

37

,norhappenstance,thatshehadbeennamed"Hope“.Thestrongfeelingofsympathyandgenerosity

38

inheryoungheartmadealastingimpressiononmeandcountlessothers.

39

Ineverhadtheopportunitytomeether,IwishIhad.Itseemsasthoughshewaswisebeyondhertenderyearsandvery,veryspecial.15Hopewasatwelve-year-oldgirlwhowas

40

a"wish"inearlyDecember2010bythe"Make-A-Wish"Foundationafterbeing

41

thatshehadararetypeofbonecancer.However,whenshefoundoutthatmorethan150

42

inherareawerewaitingfortheirwishestobegranted（實現(xiàn)）,sheunselfishlyusedherwishto

43

thatthosechildrenhavetheirwishesgranted.Shealsoaskedthatitbedone

44

January16,2011.Unfortunately,however,theorganizationinformedherthather

45

requestcouldnotbegrantedasthefunds(資金)weresimply

46

.Theycalculatedthattheywouldneedtoraisemorethanone

47

dollarsinthirtydaysinordertograntherwish.48

,butnotdiscouraged,sheturnedherdisappointmentintoanenthusiasmthatinspired

16caring

49

totakeuphelpinggrantthewishesoftheotherchil-dren,andeventually

50

aswell.Newspapercolumnistsandre-portersforradioandTVstations51

thestoryofthiscaringyounggirlwhohad

52

theheartsofsomanyandaswordspread,thecommunitywaschallenged.Committeeswerefannedandschools,corporationsandvariousorganizationsassistedin

53

moneytohelpmakeHope'sdreamcometrue.Hereffortswerenotinvainastheycontinuetohelpothers,notonly

54

,butspirituallyandemotionallyaswell.Atthegatheringtocelebrateherlife,"ACelebrationofHope"onJanuary16,2011,the

55

wasmadethattheyhadindeedreceiveddonationstotalingmorethanonemilliondollars.Herwishhadbeengranted!1736.A.heard

B.thought

C.cared

D.Talked37.A.coincidence

B.independence

C.convenience

D.intelligence38.A.lost

B.carried

C.expected

D.housed39.A.Until

B.UnlessC.Though

D.If40.A.expressed

B.offered

C.made

D.sent41.A.recognized

B.informed

C.reminded

D.understood

42.A.children

B.citizens

C.villagers

D.relatives43.A.suggest

B.ask

C.arrange

D.order44.A.for

B.to

C.on

D.by45.A.final

B.formalC.simpleD.noble1846.A.unbearableB.unbelievableC．unavailableD.uncomfortable[]47.A.thousandB.hundredC.millionD.billion48A.DisappointedB.SurprisedC.WorriedD.Embarrassed49.A.committeesB.individualsC.corporationsD.organizations50.A.theirsB.oursC．hersD.yours[]51.A.wroteB.readC.broadcastD.shared52.A.touchedB.examinedC.wonD.opened53.A.findingB.spendingC.raisingD.borrowing54.A.perfectlyB.physicallyC.healthilyD.thankfully55.A.proposalB.decisionC.conclusionD.announcement簡析：該文由衷地贊頌了一位小女孩舍己為人的高尚情操。19雖然身患不治之癥，但卻樂觀地為別人著想，遇到了困難也不氣餒，而是想辦法解決問題。正如南丁格爾所說：“It’dbebettertolightupthecandlethancursethedarkness.Noonecangiveyoubrightnessexceptyourself.

(與其詛咒黑暗，不如燃起蠟燭。除了你自己，沒人能給你光明。)

”。該文有一定難度，生僻字較多，需仔細推敲。下面具體分析。36.答案A。根據(jù)前后文可知，作者并沒有見過這位小女孩。37.答案A。coincidence（巧合）屬于八級詞匯，that引導的是一主語從句，意思是人家給她起的Hope這個名字用在這篇文章中恰到好處，而并非巧合。38.答案D。此處的house是動詞，意思是“容納”。39.答案C。

2040.答案B。下文說的是她把希望讓給了別人，選此合適。41.答案B。inform（通知，告知）42.答案A。其后有提示。43.答案B。把給自己的愿望請求（ask）給別人。44.答案D。小女孩許愿不能晚于2011年一月十六號。45.答案D。noble(高尚的，崇高的)屬于八級詞匯。46.答案C。給的四個詞均為形容詞，加前綴un-，unbearable（不能忍耐的）unbelievable（不可相信的）unavailable（不可得到的）uncomfortable（不舒適的）。47.答案C。該文最后一句有提示。48.答案A。該句可看成Sheshouldbedisappointedbutshedidn’tdiscouraged.Sheturnedherdisappointmentinto...

2149.答案B。根據(jù)下文可知，關心此事的有報紙的專欄作家，廣播電視臺的記者等，因而是individuals(個人)。50.答案C。此處的hers=herwish。51.答案D。52.答案A。touchtheheartsofsomany...53.答案C。47空前已有提示：toraisemorethanonemillion。54.答案B。根據(jù)前后意思，此處正好和spiritually相對。55.答案D。在慶祝她一月十六號生命仍在的大會上宣布了她的愿望實現(xiàn)了。22閱讀理解復習方法復習時閱讀材料分組，每組4至5篇（按高考試卷結構），選材照顧多樣性，難易合理搭配；讀畢大約用時40分鐘左右。復習時每組要求一篇精讀，三篇或四篇泛讀。精讀的標準為：1.能正確理解全文的中心思想，作者的寫作意圖2.

會分析文中的難重點句子，會用文中的習語、動詞短語、句型等3.對超綱的詞匯能大致猜出在文中的含義4.對給出的問題要基本答對

泛讀的標準為：231.能大致了解短文的主旨，作者的意圖2.重要的、影響短文理解的詞匯、短語、句型要明白3.非問題所涉及的段落、詞語等可略讀、掃讀4.答對率達到70%即可實例舉要（2012測試卷）：Amotivationalstrategythatparentscanemploywiththeirkids,istoframetasksandresponsibilitiesinthecontextofwhattheendbenefitisforthem.IcallthisstrategyWIIFM（"What'sinitforme?"）.WhenateencancombineanunderstandingofWIIFMwithasenseofpassionaboutachievingagoal,barrierswillstarttofallaway．Atourteensummercamps,wearrangeaneventnearthe

24endofthe10-daysessionthathelpscampersidentifyanimportantlifegoalandmentallybreakthroughtheirbiggestbarriertoachievingthegoal.Wepassaround12-by-12-inchpineboards.WetellcampersthatthisactivityisnotaboutbreakingapieceofWood.It'sabouthowyoucangetwhatyouwantinyourlife.It‘saboutbreakingbarrierstograbontoyourgoals.

Theyhavethepowertobreakthroughanybarrier．Ithasno-thingtodowithbodysizeorphysicalcondition.Theskinniest,smallestteenswillbreakthroughtheboardalmostaseasilyasthebigones.

Wetalktothecampersaboutthereasonstheymighthavehadfornotreachingtheirgoalsinthepast.Maybetheygotlazyand

25decideditwasn'tworththeeffort.Maybetheyfailedandlettheirfearoffailureholdthemback.Butthisexerciseisaboutputtingthepastwhereitbelongs.Todayisaboutmakingnewchoices.Bythispointintheprogram,weaskthemtothinkofthegoalthey‘vesetorthemselvesandwritetheirgoalsontheboards.Thentheywritethepossibleobstacleswhichmayholdthembackontheoppositesides.Aninchofpinenowstandsbetweenthemandtheirdreams.Thefacilitatorsandtheirteammatesgatheraround.Thesupportisstrong.Onebyone,theybreakthroughthebarriersandgrabtheirgoals!Allaroundusteensarelaughing,crying,hugging,andholdingupthebrokenpiecesoftheirboards.Theconfidence26shownontheirfacesisbeautiful.

Whilearrangingsuchanactivityinone'shomeisalmostun-realisticforparents,thevalueofhelpingateenbreakthroughapersonalhairiersimplybybeingthereasmoralsupportcannotbeoverestimated.Morehelpforparentsintheformofvideosandarticlesisavailableatourwebsite,inourblogsandinamonthlye-newsletter.56.The12-by-12-inchpineboardsareusedas______.A.materialstotestone'smusclesB.signsofgoalsinone'slifeC.assessmentstoshowone'sprogress

D.symbolsofbarriersinone'slife2757.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthroughtheeventthecampers______．

A.becomehard-workingB.getmoralsupport

C.gainconfidenceD.setrightgoals58.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ThePowerofWIIFMB.What'sinItforMe C.TheImportanceofGoalsD.MotivationalStrategies59.Thepassageisintendedfor______．

A.teensB.parentsC.campersD.tutors簡析：該文主要告訴天下的父母們，對自己的孩子要采用激勵的策略來培養(yǎng)他們的自信心，為完成既定的目標鍥而不舍。281.Generalideaofthepassageisthepowerofamotivationalstra-tergy.2.Importantvocabulary,sentencepatternsandsoon:★

amotivationalstrategy,fallaway,breakthrough,havenothingtodowith…,hold…back,★

Amotivationalstrategythatparentscanemploywiththeirkids,istoframetasksandresponsibilitiesinthecontextofwhattheendbenefitisforthem．分析：Amotivationalstrategyistoframetasksandresponsibi-lities.

Parentscanemployamotivationalstrategywiththeirkids.

29★

Whilearrangingsuchanactivityinone'shomeisalmostun-realisticforparents,thevalueofhelpingateenbreakthroughapersonalhairiersimplybybeingthereasmoralsupportcannotbeoverestimated.分析：Thevaluecannotbeoverestimated.e.g.Hisinfluencecannotbeoverestimated.（他的影響估計再高也不為過。）

Icannotagreemorewithhim.（我非常贊同他的意見。）

Youcannotbetoocarefulinhandingthismatter.

（你在處理這件事時越仔細越好。）

Shecouldn’tthankhimenoughfordoinghisbesttoteachher.

303.猜測課標外單詞詞義：strategy(策略），context（背景，上下文），passion（激情）identify（辨別，確認），grab（抓住，攫?。琽bstacle（障礙=barrier），facilitator（推動者，促進者），overestimate（過分估計、評價）4.通過短文后所出的試題來判斷所考的是主旨、細節(jié)、推理判斷、猜測詞義、短文結構等，迅速從文章中尋找答案。以上是對精讀短文的處理過程。泛讀短文無需這樣細膩，只要讀懂、答對百分之七十即可過關，凡錯的、未弄明白的可細讀有關的段落，尤其是要總結自己常犯的、屢做屢錯的問題。不斷提高自己英語的綜合語言運用能力，正如英國爵士31樂大師漢弗萊·列堤頓（HumphreyLyttelton）所說：

Aswejourneythroughlife,discardingbaggagealongtheway,weshouldkeepanirongrip,totheveryend,onthecapacityforsilliness.Itpreservesthesoulfromdesiccation.

在人生旅途上，我們沿路丟棄行李，但直到最后一刻，我們也絕不可丟掉犯傻的能力，它能讓靈魂免于干涸。閱讀中常感到困惑的問題：1.主旨大意要求考生在理解全文的基礎上歸納文章要點，概括中心思想。根據(jù)文章的結構，抓住文章開頭的主題句或文章的結論,最后找出能概括文章主旨的題目和中心思想。常見設問如下：32Whatisthepurposeofthetext/passage/story?Whatisthetext/passage/storymainlyabout?Whatcanwelearnfromthestory/text/passage?Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage/text/story?Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?Thepurposeofthepassageistoshowyouhowto.Apossibletitleforthispassagecouldbe.Whatisthemainproblembeingdiscussedinthepassage?WhatisthepurposeoftheTPCGBcampaign?(2011

B篇)332.

推理判斷在掌握全文的基礎上，根據(jù)全文或段落所提供的事實，加之自己的對常識的認識，進行合理的邏輯推測，判斷作者的意圖，人物的動機、目的及性格特征，事件發(fā)生的前因后果等。常見設問如下：TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow

.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?（2011全課標卷A）Wantcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat

.(2012測試卷D)Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?（同2）Whyisvegetablegardeningbecomingincreasinglypopular?

(2011全課標卷C)34Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswelearnthat.Accordingtothe4thparagraph,agreatmanypoorpeopleinAmericancities.Wecanconcludefromthetextthat.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?InParagraph3,theauthorpointsoutthat.Whatdoesthelastsentenceoftheparagraphimply?Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedsentence“Itshouldn’t.”suggeststhatpeople.14.Inthepassage,thewritertriesto.15.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribedMattReck?35書面表達復習方法書面表達全國各地的書面表達試題多以情景作文為主，且是有條件或背景的指導性作文，他要求考生嚴格按照所給的條件或背景展開思路，詞數(shù)限制在100至150個以內(nèi)（多數(shù)省份要求不超過120個詞）。歷年的考試說明對作文的評分標準都有明確的規(guī)定，主要考查考生的思維能力，交際能力和綜合語言運用能力。試題形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱、圖標加提綱36等。體裁有記敘、議論、夾敘夾議、說明以及應用文中的書信、日記、通知、演講、板報等。寫作訓練方法：仔細審題，整體布局，確定時態(tài)、人稱、時間、地點、寫作順序（若有要求，按要求順序）；可圍繞提示適當發(fā)揮，恰當使用轉折詞、連詞等，以使文章字順文通。熟練掌握五種基本句型，在必要時可擴展成較復雜的句型或從句，少量運用八級詞匯，使文章更具深度和可讀性。平時多積累一些慣用句型、成語、習語、名言警句以備使用。更要注意書37法工整，標點符號清晰正確。寫作訓練最好結成對子，先說后寫，交換修改，相互幫助。（參見2011）實例：以教材為基礎，靈活借用教材中有用的詞組、短語、句套子。例如，北京海淀07.1期末試題：InyourEnglishclass,theteachershowsyouthefollowingpictureandasktheclasstodiscussit.Yourclassmateshavedifferentunderstandings.Lookatthepicturecarefullyandtellyourclassmateshowyourunderstandit.38Thereisnohoneyhere,Sir.39Ithinkthepicturesuggeststhatourresourcesarelimited.Honeyistobeeswhatresourcesaretohumanbeings.

Asisshowninthepicture,thebeesfindnohoneyintheflowersbecauseoftheirovercollectingstothelimitedhoney.

Aswithbees,wehumanbeingsalwaystakeit

forgrantedthatourresourcescannotbeusedup.Asaresult,ourresourceshavebeendecreasingsharplyontheearth.Thepicturewarnspeopleof

that.Shouldn'twemakesenseofthisserioussituation?(來自一位學生的答卷)401)A