AbstractChinagovernmentpursueapolicyofopeningtotheoutsideworldsince1978,inparticularwithChina’saccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganizationin2001,moreandmoreforeigncosmeticsbrandscometoChina.Facingthecompetitivemarket,thetranslationoftrademarkandtheproductnamebecomeveryimportant.Goodtranslationshaveinfluenceonthecompany’scultureandimageinthecustomers’mind.Thisstudyprovidesthetranslationprinciplesandskillsasaguideforthetranslators.Thestudyshowedthat,withpropermethod,thetranslationwillbeacceptedbyboththecompanyandthecustomers.Skopostheoryalsohasbeenusedinthisthesis,whichfocusesontranslatingcosmeticsintoChinesewithitsownpurpose.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheprinciples,techniquesandmethodwillbeshowedinthisthesis.Keywords:cosmeticsname;skopostheory;principles;techniques中文摘要隨著1978年中國(guó)的對(duì)外開(kāi)放，特別是2001年加入世界貿(mào)易組織，越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)化妝品品牌進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。面對(duì)與日俱增的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，化妝品牌的中文翻譯變得越來(lái)越重要。一個(gè)好的化妝品名翻譯，它可直接影響到其公司的文化內(nèi)涵和對(duì)消費(fèi)者的影響。本課題將給翻譯人員提供翻譯方法進(jìn)行參考，方便日后翻譯工作。在正確的翻譯方法指導(dǎo)下，化妝品名翻譯將被絕大多數(shù)公司和消費(fèi)者所接受。本課題將探討在目的論的指導(dǎo)下，化妝品名翻譯中翻譯方法的重要性，化妝品名翻譯的原則，技巧，和翻譯方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及翻譯過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)。關(guān)鍵詞：化妝品名，目的論，原則，技巧

ContentsAbstract I中文摘要 II1.Introduction 11.1Relevantbackground 11.2Significanceofthestudy 11.3innovativepointsoftheStudy 22.LiteratureReview 32.1Domesticresearchsituation 32.2Foreignresearchsituations 43.Translationprinciplesofthenamesofcosmetics 6fromEnglishintoChinese 63.1Thepurposeoftranslation 63.2Thecoherenceoftranslation 73.3Thefidelityoftranslation 74.Techniquesincosmeticstranslation 94.1Transliteration 94.2LiteralTranslation 94.3FreeTranslation 104.4MeaningImplication 115.Conclusion 13References 14Acknowledgements 151.Introduction1.1RelevantbackgroundWiththedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,andfurtherimplementationofthereformandopeningpolicy,plentyofforeignmerchandisesfloodintoChinesemarkets,includingforeigncosmetics.Inordertoreceiveagoodreputationandattractmorepeopletobuyitsproducts,theforeigncompaniesnotonlymaketheproductsmorecateringforthehabitsofChinese,butalsohaveanidiomaticandattractivetranslationnameofthebrand,sodothecosmeticsproducts.Theloveforattractivenessisnativetohumans.Owingtotheseverecompetitionamongdifferentcosmeticbrands,everycosmeticcompanyrackstheirbrainstopromotesales.Therefore,howtomaketheconsumersknowtheirproductsverywellisthemainissue.ForeigncosmeticsproductslikeClinique,Lanc?me,andArtistry,everybodyinChinaknowsitsChinesename.ItisinvisiblethatacharmingtranslatednameishalfofasuccessandhastheinfluenceonthecustomersSuccessfultranslationcannotonlybringhealthybenefitstothecompany,butalsodirectlyaffecttheimageofthecompanyincustomers’mind.TheChinesenameofforeigncosmeticsisthemostimportantthingwhentheproductssaleinChina.Theprinciplestotranslatetheforeigncosmeticsaretoraiseattention.Skopostheoryisoneoftheprinciplesintranslating.“Itfocusesontranslationasanactivitywithanaimorpurpose,andontheintendedaddresseeoraudienceofthetranslation”(Vermeer,1987).Onlywhentheoriginalcosmeticsnameisadaptedtothetargetedculture,canthetargetedcustomerseasilyunderstandandbelikelytobuytheproducts.Cosmeticshaveitsmainpurposeasaproductwhichistoattractmorecustomerstobuy.Therefore,Skopostheoryplaysasignificantroleintranslatingcosmeticswhichshouldbetakenasthebasicstrategyintranslation.1.2SignificanceofthestudyThecosmeticindustryisaprofitablebusinessformostmanufacturersofcosmeticproducts.ManyforeigncosmeticcompaniesthinkthatChinaisapotentialmarketwithalargeamountofpopulation.Ifeveryonebuystheirproducts,theywilloccupythemainmarket.ThemostimportanceistoraiseitsreputationamongtheChinesecustomer.Therefore,thelanguagebecomesabridgeforpeopletounderstandtheproducts.Translatingthenamesoftheproductshastofollowtheskopostheory.Becauseofthedifferencesbetweenlanguagesandcultures,ChinesepeoplemaynotknowtheproductwellwhenitiswritteninEnglish.Sowehavetostudythesuccessfulcases.Skopostheoryprovidesatheoreticalguidanceforthetranslatortocopewiththecomplexsituationincosmeticstranslation.Asapurposeorientedprocess,cosmeticsnametranslationhasgoodgroundstotakeSkopostheoryastheguidingtheoryforitspurposeofpromotingthecommodity.TheauthorwilllistsomeproductsofArtistrycosmeticsonE-Ctranslation.ItcanbeareferencefortheforeigncompanieswhentheyselltheproductsinChina.1.3InnovativepointsoftheStudyWhentheeconomicglobalizationdeveloped,manykindsoftheforeignproductsarerushingintoourdomesticmarket.Inordertogainmostofthecustomers,thecompaniestryeveryefforttoselltheirproductswellinChina,andtheirsellingmodesarevarious.Somemayhastheirownshoptoselltheirproducts.Somemayselltheproductsinallthesupermarkets.Inthisthesis,thereisanewmodetosellproductsDirectSelling.AmwayCompanyistousethismodetoselltheirproducts.Differentfromothersellingmodes,thetranslationscanbedifferent.Themostimportantthingistomakethesellerunderstandtheproductsclearly.Thenthetranslationtechniquesshouldbetakenintodeeperconsideration.2.LiteratureReview2.1DomesticresearchsituationYanfutoldusthattranslatetheEnglishintoChinese,ithastofollowtheprinciplesthatis“faithfulness,expressivityandelegance”,especiallyinliteraturetext.Butwhenweenterthecommercialperiod,ifacompanytendstomakeasuccessfulsteporabigprofit,itissignificanttotranslatethetrademarkintotargetlanguageandsomeprincipleswillhavetobetakenintoaccount,whenthetranslatorsarenowfacingsometranslationproblems.Liyi(2009)wroteinhisthesisthattrademarktranslatedintoChineseisbetterthanintoforeignlanguagesinourcountry.ApplicationofPinyinChinesetrademarks,abuseofliteraltranslation,disadvantagesofabbreviation,thesethreeproblemswehavetosolve.ThreeprinciplesraisedbySun(2010)havebeensolved.Firstly,theoriginallanguageandthetranslationshouldhavesimilarmeaningortheproductfunctionisalmostthesame.Weshouldadoptthebestmethodfromvariouschoicesinvariousstylesinsteadoftheoriginalinternalvocabulary.Withthismethod,theconsumerscouldgetthemostsimilarfeelingasthenativelanguageconsumers.Secondly,thetranslatorsshouldpayattentiontothedifferenceamongvariousculturesandmakethetranslationdomestic.Thetranslatorcanneverneglectthenationaltraitsandvalueswhichareexclusivelypossessedbythetargetconsumersifatranslatednameistobewellacceptedinthetargetmarket.Thirdly,itiseasiertoreadandremember,briefandnovel.Becauseofthepurposeofthebrand,thetranslationshouldreachthepredictfunctionoftheskopostheory.Thereisanothersolutiontotranslatethetrademark.Qin(2009)listssometranslationforproductnametranslationtechniques.First,itistransliteration.SincenotalltheEnglishwordscanbefoundinthedictionary,wehavetousethismethodoftransliteration,liketheMobilphonebrandnamedMOTOLORA.TheChineseis摩托羅拉.Itshowsaculturegap.Second,itisliteraltranslation.AccordingtotheFaithfulnessprinciple,ifthetranslationcanreachtheresultofattractingpeopletobuyit,itcanbetranslatedinliteraltranslation.SuchasRoyalFurniture,ittranslates皇朝家私.BothChineseandEnglishhavethesamemeaningwhichisthesymbolofdomination,andthetasteofelegant.Third,itisfreetranslation.Becauseofthedifferencesinculturelanguages,freetranslationisafamiliarwayaswellasthemostidealwayforustotranslatetrademark.Onlyinthisway,customersindifferentcountrieswillhavethesamefeelingtowardsacertaincommodity.Fourth,itisflexibletranslation.Zhu(2005)saidtranslatorscantranslateproductinaflexibleway,justaccordingtothedistinguishablefeaturesoftheproductsorthepsychologyoftheconsumersortheactiveassociationoftheproducts.Fifth,itiszerotranslation.Withtheaccelerationofinternationalcommunication,moreandmoreforeignbrandnameshavebeenwellacquaintedbeforetheyareintroducedinthedomesticmarket.Itmaycostthecustomersmoretimetoacceptthetranslation.Asaresult,famousbrandnamescomposingofEnglishletterswhichareeasytoreadandeasytorememberthatweareusually“translated”inanewway—zerotranslation.Female,isanotherpotentialmarket,especiallythecosmeticsproductswhichiswellsaleinwomen’sworld.Asanoldsayinggoes,“Everyoneadmiresbeauty”.Particularly,cosmeticsplayaveryimportantroleinwomen’smind.Guidanceforcosmeticstranslation,Fulei’sprinciplesof“spiritualconformity”whichsuggeststheloweststandardfortranslationistheconsistenceincontendbetweenafter-translationversionandtheoriginalversion,andQianzhong-shu’sopinionofsublimedadaptationwhichfocusesonthetranslator’ssmoothandidiomaticChineseversionforthesakeoftheChinesereader(Jiang,2009,cited).Incosmeticstranslation,ithastorespecttheconsumers’psychologyandthelocaltraditionsandculture,flexiblyusevarioustranslatingmethods,andillustratethebeautifulsound,thewonderfulmeaningandthebeautyofcontextofsituation(Chang,2007).Andithasthesecharacteristics,following:Accordwithcommoditycharacteristics,Accordingtothetargetlanguagecountryorthecultureofthetargetcountry,hasthesymbol,easytorememberandsoon.Manytranslationskillsandprincipleshavetoconsider.Lotsoftranslationtechniqueshavebeenstudiedbythescholars,whichcanprovideusmorematerialtothinkdeeperanddeeper.2.2ForeignresearchsituationsVermeerJ.Hans,inhisbookGroundworkforaGeneralTranslationtheorymentionedtheSkopostheory.ThewordcomefromGreece,andmeans“target,purpose,intentionandfunction”.InSkopostheory,itemphasizestheinteractionofthetranslationandpragmaticfeatures.Hethoughtthefunctionisthebasicformoftranslation.Thedefinitionoftranslationis“produceatextattargetsettingforatargetpurposeandtargetaddresseeintargetcircumstance”(Nord,1997).Heexplainedthistheoryintotworules.First,thepurposeofthetranslationisthefunctionofthetranslation.Thepurposeoftranslationdecidestheinteractionbetweentheoriginaltextandtranslationtext.Second,accordingtothetargetgroups,thetranslationwillbedifferent.Thetranslatorshouldusethemostappropriatetranslationtechniquestoachievethepurposeoftranslation.Inashortword,alltheconductionshouldcomebeforethepurposeprinciple.AccordingtoSkopostheory,theprimeprincipledetermininganytranslationprocessisthepurposeoftheoveralltranslationaction(Nord,1997).VermeerJ.Hansalsohasthreetranslationprinciples“skoposrule,coherenceruleandfidelityrule”.Buttheskoposrulecomethefirst.Itissaidthepurposeoftranslationdecidingthewholeprocessoftranslation.Itcanalsobesaidthepurposedecidingthemethod.Whenwecometotheeconomicsglobalizationperiod,alltheproductssellallovertheworld.Thetranslationbecomesmoreimportance.Themaincriterionforthischoiceisthecommunicativepurposetheclientwantstoachievethetranslation(e.g.sellproducts,convincetheaudienceofcertainideas,informorinstructthereadershowtouseaparticularmachine,explaintheuseofanewtechnicalterm,andshareanaestheticoremotionalexperience).Therefore,thetranslator(likeanyothertextproducer)analysesthepragmaticsofthetargetsituationbeforedecidingonwhattosayandhowtosayit(Nord.2001).Skopostheoryprovidesatheoreticalguidanceforthetranslatortocopewiththecomplexsituationsinproductiontranslation.Asapurpose-orientedprocess,productnametranslationhasgoodgroundstotakeskopotheoryastheguidingtheoryforitspurposeofpromotingthecommodity(Li&Ye,2010).Languagecharacteristics’generaldirectionsaredescribedaspractical,scientific,consecutive,word-picture,co-existentconcise,speculatingandimperative,sodoesthecosmeticsnametranslation.Asahypotacticlanguage,Englishemphasizesmoreonthestructureandpreciseexpression,whilelessonthesoundandrhythm.ButChineseversionsareonthecontrastasChineseisaparatacticlanguage(HU,2005).Inthecosmeticstranslation,wehavetotranslateinthedirectionoftheskopostheory.VermeerJ.Hansthoughtthatlanguageisapartoftheculture,anditplaysaveryimportantrolewhenpeoplecommunicateorinthepassage.Butusuallyinthewritings,itisseldombeingconsideredthattheculturemassages.Thetranslatum,itnotonlytranslatesthepassage,butalsocombineswiththepurposeoftheculturemassages.Soincosmeticstranslation,skoposissignificant.3.TranslationprinciplesofthenamesofcosmeticsfromEnglishintoChineseCosmeticsnameasasymbolofitscompany,itdeliverstheinformationofitsculture.Therefore,thenamehasitsownimportantmeaning.Inordertoattractmorecustomerstobuyitsproducts,thegoodimpressioncomesthefirsttothecustomersisitsname.Becauseofthetwodifferentcultures,inthetranslation,thetranslatorhastoknowwellinone’scultureandcustoms.Itwillinfluencethesalesofthecompany.Skopostheorythoughtthattranslationhasitspurpose.Iftheforeignproductssellwell,itcandirectlyaffectthecompany.Withthispurpose,thetranslationcannotbefollowedthesekindsofprinciples,likefaithfulness,equivalence.Itcanchangetheprincipleswhiletranslating.AccordingtoSkopostheory,thebasictranslationisitspurpose.Underthespecificcultureorcustomers,thetranslatorsshouldputmoreattentiontothesituations.Theremustsomeprinciplesasaguidetothetranslatorsthatwillhelpthemtoconquerthetranslationdifficultieswhentheyareonthewaytothepropertranslation.Therewillhavethreeprinciplesundertheskopostheory,whichthetranslatorshouldtakeitintoconsideration.3.1ThepurposeoftranslationNord.Christianesaidthatwhatmethodsshouldbeusedintranslationisdependsonthepurposeoftranslation.Inotherwords,thepurposeofthetranslationcomethefirstconsideration.Anyformoftranslationalaction,includingtranslationitself,maybeconceivedasa"purposefulactivity"(Nord1997:12).Thefinalpurposeisattractingmorecustomerstobuytheproductsorcausingtheattentionsormaketheminterested.Nomatterwhatkindsofproduct,ithasitsownuniquefeature.Itshouldbeeasytoremember,contendvividly,orsoundgood.Butdifferentcultures,religions,ortheeconomics,peoplewillhavedifferentperspectivestoseethename.Thetranslationisacross-culturecommunication.Thetranslatorcannotneglecttheculture,thecustoms,thevaluesandthepsychologywhenhetranslatesthecosmeticsproducts.Therefore,thepurposeofthetranslationisnecessary.Toknowthecultureandtherelevantthings,thetranslatorhastomakesurethatthetranslationwillnotembarrassthepeopleorthecountry.Thepurposeofthetranslationcandecidewhichtranslationmethodtouse.WardH.Goodeoughemphasizedthatpeoplehaverighttoacceptthebehaviorfollowingthepurposeornot(Nord,2001).Whenthetranslatortranslates,thepurposeofthetranslationhastoconsiderateinthefirstplace.3.2ThecoherenceoftranslationTheprincipleofcoherence,itmeansintratextualcoherence.Inotherwords,thetranslationmustbeunderstoodbythereader,andhasitsownmeaningintheculturebackgroundorcross-culture(Nord,2001).Translationisthebestwayforthepeopletocommunicate,toknowother’sculture,tomakeaprogresstogether.Peoplespeakdifferentlanguagescannotunderstandtheoriginalmeaning.Atthistime,thetranslationplaysaveryimportantroleincommunication.Incosmeticstranslation,italsohastofollowtheprincipleofcoherence.Whenthecustomersbuythecosmetics,theycannotreadthenamefluently.Itwillnothaveagoodreputationamongthecustomers.AccordingtoNord(1997:59-62),translationbrief(whichrefersalmosttothesamethingascommission)shouldcontaininformationabouttheintendedtextfunction,thetargetaudience,themediumfortexttransmission,etc.Sowhenthetranslatortranslatesthenameoftheproductmustknowitverywell,andletthecustomerknowthecompanyvalueinitstranslation.Forexample,Artistry(雅姿),itsoriginalmeaningisartisticpursuitsorgoodskill.Itisabrandnamewithelegantfeelingandspecialfeature.Itrepresentsthehighlevelorart.Whenpeopleseethisname,theycanimagethemselvesdancinginabigstageandtheaudiencesadmiretheirgracefuldanceandconfidentface.Thecustomerswillproudoftheyownthebeautyandconfidence.3.3ThefidelityoftranslationThefidelityoftranslation,itmeansintertexualcoherence.Therearesomerelationshipsbetweentheoriginandthetranslation.Thetranslationmusthavethesamestyle,form,astheorigin.TheChinesetranslatorYanfusaid:“intranslation,thetranslatorhastofollowthreeprinciples.”Faithfulnessisoneofthethreeprinciples.Thisprincipleneedsthetranslatorknowtheoriginaloneveryclearlyandthebackgroundtotally.Andthetranslatorshoulddoasurveyonwhatkindsoftheproductpeoplewouldliketobuy.Cosmeticsproductisatreasureforfemale.Sowhentranslatingthecosmetics,thetranslatorshouldknowbetterthepsychologyofthefemales.Butatthesametime,thetranslationshouldbethesameastheoriginapproximately.Itcannotbefarawayfromtheoriginalone,becausetheyhavesomerelationship.Forexample,the“purewhitecleaner(美白潔面膏)”,thetranslationfollowsthefidelityprinciple.Itsoundsgoodandhastheapproximatelynameastheoriginallanguage.Whentranslatingthecosmeticsproducts,thefaithfulnessprinciplealsoisveryimportant,becauseitmayaffectthesalesofcompany.Ifthetranslationisclosingtotheoriginalname,thetranslationdeliverstheproductsdeepermeaningandthefunction.The“purewhite”,iftranslatedintoChinese,thatmeans“純白”.Butwhenitcomestocosmeticstranslation,thetargetfunctionistomakesomebody’sskinverywhiteandbright.Sothetranslation“美白”isveryclosingtotheoriginalname.4.Techniquesincosmeticstranslation4.1Transliteration4.1.1DefinitionItmeanstorepresent(lettersorwords)inthecorrespondingcharactersofanotheralphabet.Transliterationattemptstouseaone-to-onecorrespondenceandbeexact,sothataninformedreadershouldbeabletoreconstructtheoriginalspellingofunknowntransliteratedwords.Ideally,reversetransliterationispossible.4.1.2AdvantagesandDisadvantagesIftheproductscomefromforeigncountries,thetranslatorsevendon’tknowsomeinformationabouttheproductsandthetransliterationisthebestchoice.Itcanremaintheoriginalthephoneticbeauty.Undertheprincipleoffaithfulness,thetransliterationisfaithfultothepronunciationandvocativefunctionoftheoriginalname.Thebiggestdisadvantageofthetransliterationisthatitcannotexpresstheexactmeaningorconveytherealinformation.Thecustomerwillgetconfusedwhentheybuytheproducts.Thesimilarpronunciationmaymakesomemistakes.Thebestwaytousethetransliterationistranslatingthename.4.1.3Example“Tolsom”isoneoftheArtistrycosmeticsbrand.Itisthefirstseriesproducingforthemale.Itmeansthetargetmarketisthemales.ThecompanytranslatesthenameintoChineseis“陶士”.InChinese,“士”representsgentlemenalwayshaveagoodtaste.Thisserieshavethreeproducts.Tolsomtoninglotion(陶士緊膚水),Tolsommoisturebalancelotion(陶士保濕乳液)andTolsomfacialcleaningfoam（陶士潔面膏）arethemainproducts.Fromthistranslation,thetranslatortakesthetransliterationtechniquesasreference.Itmaintainstheoriginalnameandgivesanicereputationtocustomers.4.2LiteralTranslation4.2.1DefinitionLiteraltranslation,ordirecttranslation,istherenderingoftextfromonelanguagetoanother“word-for-word”ratherthanconveyingthesenseoftheoriginal.Thisdistinctionisvalidonlywhenaliteraltranslationdoesnotaccuratelyconveythesense,whichisnotinvariablytrue.Intranslationstudies,literaltranslationdenotestechnicaltranslationofscientific,technical,technologicalorlegaltexts.4.2.2AdvantagesanddisadvantagesThetranslatorcantranslateintothesamemeaningofthename,anditwon’tcausesomearguments.Itkeepstheoriginalformandfeature.Itcanbetterconveythemassageandemotionandbuildaharmoniousunitywiththecompanyculture.Butitalsohasdisadvantage.Ifthetranslationisthesamewiththeoriginalname,customerscanmakesomemistakes.Becausedifferentcountrieshavedifferentculturesandcustoms,noonecanaccepttheunfavorableproductswhichgoagainsttheculture.Beforesellingtheproducts,thecompanyisbettertodoaresearchinthetargetcountry.4.2.3Example“PureWhiteSeries”isabrandoftheArtistry.WhenitcomestoChina,thetranslatorsknowthattheAsiapeoplearepursuingthewhiteskin.Sothisseriestranslatesinto“美白系列”.LikePureWhiteCleanser(美白潔面膏),PureWhiteReplenishingClothMask(美白保濕面膜),andPureWhiteMoisturizer(美白乳液),thesenamessoundsmagic.Itcanhelpwomentobecomewhite.Obviously,literaltranslationcandelivertheinformationdirectly.Whenthecustomersseethesenames,theywillknowwhattreatmenttheywanteasily.“DailySkinCareseries”isanotherseries.FromtheEnglishname,itshouldbesomedailycosmetics.Thisseriesistranslatedinto“日常護(hù)理系列”.Thatisapropertranslationtodescribethisseries.Itisforthedailycare.Like“MoistureRichProtectiveMoisturizer(滋潤(rùn)防護(hù)乳霜)，MoistureRichRefreshingtoner(滋潤(rùn)清爽潔膚乳)，ClarifyingFoamingCleaner(清潔泡沫潔面膏)，theseproductsareforfemaletocareandcleantheirskinindailylife.Fromthosenames,itcanbeinferredthatkindsofproductsareforcleaning,keepingmoistureandprotectingtheskin.Thesenamesaretranslateddirectly,anditiseasyforthecustomertounderstandclearlywithoutanyconfusion.4.3FreeTranslation4.3.1DefinitionFreetranslationmeanstranslatingatrademarkaccordingtoitsliteralmeaning.Becauseofculturedifferences,ifweonlytranslatethecosmeticsnameaccordingtoitspronunciationsortheirliteralmeaning,eventhenamesoundslikemusic,cannotmakeadeeperimageincustomers’mind.Soitcanbeafreestylecombiningthelocalcultureandthecompany’sculture.4.3.2AdvantagesanddisadvantagesTheadvantagesoffreetranslationarethatitcanchangewhateverstyleorformthecompanylike.Theywilltakethelocalcultureandtheirownvalueintoconsideration,andfiguringoutagoodsolution.Thosetranslationnamescanbeacceptedbothbythecompanyandcustomers.Undoubtedly,itis“win-win”strategy.Itremainssomedisadvantages.Becauseitisfree,itcannotcovertheentirecustomer’saspirations.Thewayspeoplelookatthingsaredifferent.So,wecantellthatdifferentpeoplehavingdifferentviewsintranslation.Somemaynotunderstandexactmeaning.4.3.3ExampleTherearetwoproductswiththeiranti-aging.OneisArtistryDramage14(肌因14活顏系列).Dramage,itmeansagainsttheages.Asweallknow,whenpeoplegetolderandolder,theskinofuswillloosemoisture.ThisproductcontainsakindofT4enzymes,withitsantioxidant,anti-aging,beautyandmetabolismtopromotetheeffectivenessofbeautyin14days.Thisserieswastranslated肌因14活顏系列whichisadaptingitfeature.TheCrèmeL/X(臻萃煥能乳霜)isthedefinitivesolutionforachievingyounger-lookingskin.CrèmeL/XisthefirstproductinthemarkettocontainCardiolipin—arareanduniquelipidthathelpsgeneratingskinrenewalfromwithin.Withthisspecialfunctionanduniqueingredients,thisserieswastranslated臻萃煥能乳霜.Thenamemeansthattheproductwilltreattheskinandmakeitbrightenandyounger-lookingskin.“TimeDefianceSkinCareSeries”(滋養(yǎng)修護(hù)系列)isnamedfortreatingtheskintoo.Itmeansthattheskinwillrecoversoon.Like“TimeDefianceNightRecoverycrème（夜間滋養(yǎng)乳霜）,TimeDefianceconditionerTonner(滋養(yǎng)調(diào)理柔膚水),andTimeDefiance3Dimensionallightingcream(滋養(yǎng)彈性提升精華乳)”，allthetranslationarefollowingthefreetranslationtechnique.Butifthetranslatortranslateditdirectly,thecustomerswillnotunderstandtheusageoftheproduct.4.4MeaningImplication4.4.1DefinitionMeaningImplicationmean“pun”.Onewardhastwomeanings.Inordertoknowitbetter,thetranslationwilltranslateintotwoways.Thismeansthenamechangingwhenthesituationchanges.Customerscannotseethemeaningdirectly.Itshouldbegettingtoknowitverywell.