RadixAstragali（黃芪）MilkvetchRootOriginsTonicherbs滋補藥材Heat-removingdrugs清熱藥Purgatingdrugs瀉下藥Medicinesforrheumatism祛風濕藥Hemostatics止血藥PlantmorphologyAperennialherb,mainrootstout.

多年生草本，主根粗壯。Stemerectandbranchedattheupperpart.

莖直立，上部分枝。Leavesodd-pinnatelycompound,alternate.

奇數(shù)羽狀復葉，互生。Flowersinaxillaryracemes,calyxcampanulate.

花為總狀花序，腋生，花萼鐘形。CollectionandpreparationThedrugiscollectedinspringandautumn,removedfromsoil,rootletandrootstock,anddriedinsun.

春秋季節(jié)采收藥材，去除泥土、細根、根頭，曬干。DescriptionExternallypalebrownish-yelloworpalebrown,withirregular,longitudinalwrinklesandmoretransverselenticel-likeprotrudings,corkeasilyexfoliated,exposingyellowish-whitecortex,sometimesshowingreticulatedfibrebundles.表面為淺棕黃色或淺棕色，有不規(guī)則縱皺紋和眾多橫長皮孔樣突起，栓皮易剝落而露出黃白色皮部，有時可見網(wǎng)狀纖維束。Woodpaleyellowwithradiatestriationsandfissures,thecentrepartofoldrootoccasionallyrotten-wood-shaped.木部淡黃色，有放射狀紋理和裂隙，老根中心偶呈枯朽狀。理化鑒別Filter-filtrate過濾-濾液Neuralaluminiumoxidecolumn中性氧化鋁rateElute-elutate洗脫-洗脫液Residue殘渣n-butanolsaturatedwithwater水飽和正丁醇Thetestsolution供試品溶液CRSchemicalreferencestandards化學對照品Thereferencesolution標準溶液Thinlayerchromatography薄層色譜Sulfuricacid硫酸

formicacid甲酸Fluorescentspots熒光斑點取本品粉末1g，加三氯甲烷20ml，加熱回流30分鐘，濾過，濾液蒸干，殘渣加三氯甲烷1ml使溶解作為供試品溶液。另取五味子對照藥材1g，同法制成對照藥材溶液。再取五味子甲素對照品，加三氯甲烷制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作為對照品溶液。To1gofthepowderadd20mlofchloroform,heatunderrefluxonawaterbathfor0.5hour,filter,evaporatethefiltratetodryness.Dissolvetheresiduein1mlofchloroformasthetestsolution.ProduceasolutionofFructusSchsandraeChinensisreferencedruginthesamemannerasthereferencedrugsolution.Dissolvedeoxyschizandrin(五味子甲素)CRSinchloroformtoproduceasolutioncontaining1mgpermlasthereferencesolution.照薄層色譜法（附錄VIB）試驗，吸取上述三種溶液各2uL，分別點于同一硅膠GF254薄層板上，以石油醚-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（15：5：1）的上層溶液為展開劑，展開，取出，晾干，置紫外燈光下檢視。供試品色譜中，在與對照藥材和對照品色譜相應的位置上，顯相同顏色的斑點。Carryoutthemethodforthinlayerchromatography(AppendixVIB),usingsilicagelGF254asthecoatingsubstanceandtheupperlayerofpetroleumether(30~60℃)-ethylformate-formicacid(15:5:1)asthemobilephase.Applyseparatelytotheplate2mleachofthethreesolutions.Afterdevelopingandremovaloftheplate,dryitinair,examineunderultravioletlight(254nm).Thespotsinthechromatogramobtainedwiththetestsolutioncorrespondinpositionandcolourtothespotsobtainedwiththereferencedrugsolutionandthereferencesolution.功效補氣固表，排膿生肌適應癥氣虛乏力，久瀉脫肛，自汗水腫，子宮脫垂，慢性腎炎蛋白尿，糖尿病，瘡口久不愈合RadixetRhizomaSalviaeMiltiorrhizae

(丹參)PlantmorphologyDeciduous落葉的Pubescentadj.有軟毛的Vermillionn.adj.朱紅色的Serrateadj.鋸齒的Verticillateadj.輪生的，環(huán)生的pseudo-假的Falcateadj.鉤狀的Retuseadj.（樹葉）淺凹形的Apex頂點，尖端Anther花藥，花粉囊Gynobasic雌蕊托Description/性狀根莖呈圓柱形或圓錐形，常稍彎曲，有分支，長10-30cm，直徑0．3-1.5cm。表面磚紅色、棕紅色或紫棕色。皮粗糙，有不規(guī)則的縱溝或縱皺紋，老根外皮常呈鱗片剝落，根頭部有時殘留莖基。質(zhì)堅而脆，易折斷，斷面不平坦，纖維性，外皮磚紅色，本部導管成束，黃白色，呈放射狀排列。氣微，味甘微苦。Microscopicalcharacters顯微特征Corkcellsyellowish-brown,subsquareorpolygonalinsurfaceview,containingreddish-crownpigments,dissolvedonmountinginchloralhydratesolution.木栓細胞黃棕色，表面觀類方形或多角形，含有紅棕色色素，水合氯醛透化后色素溶解。PhysicalandChemicalIdentificationApplyseveraldropsofthefiltratetoapieceoffilterpaper,allowittodryandexamineunderultra-violetlight,abrightbluish-greyfluorescenceisproduced.取幾滴濾液于濾紙上，晾干，在紫外燈下檢視，可見亮藍灰色斑點。Exposethefilterpapertoammoniavapourfor20minutes,removethefilterpaperandexamineagainunderultravioletlight,apalebluish-greenfluorescentisproduced.將該濾紙至于氨蒸氣中20min，取出，再在紫外燈下檢視，可見淺藍綠色熒光斑點。Ferricchloride三氯化鐵Ether乙醚Astopperedtesttube具塞試管Ethylacetate乙酸乙酯Petroleumether石油醚Acetone丙酮Diluteethanol稀乙醇Absolutealcohol/anhydrousethanol無水乙醇AssayTanshinoneIIACarryoutthemethodforhighperformanceliquidchromatography(AppendixVID).ChromatographicsystemandsystemsuitabilityUseoctadecylsilanebondedsilicagelasthestationaryphaseandamixtureofmethanolandwater(75:25)asthemobilephase.Asdetectoraspectrophotometersetat270nm.Thenumberoftheoreticalplatesofthecolumnisnotlessthan2000,calculatedwiththereferencetothepeakoftanshinoneIIA.ReferencesolutionAccuratelyweigh10mgoftanshinoneIIACRStoa50mlambervolumbericflask.Dissolveanddilutewithmethanoltovolumeandmixwell.Accuratelymeasure2mltoa25mlvolumetricflask,dilutewithmethanoltovolume,andmixwell(containing16

goftanshinoneIIAperml).TestsolutionWeightaccurately0.3gofthepowder(throughaNo.3sieve)toastopperconicalflask.Addaccurately50mlofmethanol,andweigh.Heatunderrefluxfor1hour,cool,weighagain,makeupthelossofweightwithmethanol,mixwellandfilter,usethesuccessivefiltrateasthetestsolution.ProcedureAccuratelyinject5

lofeachofthereferencesolutionandthetestsolution,respectively,intothecolumn,determineandcalculatethecontent.Itcontainsnotlessthan0.2percentoftanshinoneIIA(C19H18O3).ExtractivesWater-solubleextractivesCarryoutthemethodfordeterminationofwater-solubleextractives,notlessthan35.0percent.Ethanol-solubleextractives

Carryoutthemethodfordeterminationofethanol-solubleextractives(AppendixXA,hotextractionmethod),usingethanolasthesolvent,notlessthan15.0percent.

ProcessingRemoveforeignmatterandremainsofstem,washclean,softenthoroughly,cutintothickslices,anddry.Pre