Unit2HealthyLifestyle一、閱讀理解A[健康意識/2024甘肅蘭州一診]Ministerswillofferrewardssuchasclothesvouchers（票券）anddiscountedthemeparkticketsinreturnforexercisingandeatinghealthily，underplanstosolveBritain’sobesitycrisis.Theanti-obesityproject，whichusesanapptohelppeoplemakechangestotheirdietandphysicalactivity，willlaunchnextyear，initiallyinapilot（試驗性的）project.ParticipantswillwearFitbit-styledevicesthatcangeneratepersonalizedhealthrecommendations，suchasincreasingtheirstepcount，eatingmorefruitandvegetablesandreducingportion（重量）size.Thoseincreasingtheirexercisebytakingpartinorganizedeventssuchasparkrunsorwalkingtoschoolorworkmayaccumulateextrapointsintheapp.Theappcouldalsobeusedtomonitorsupermarketspending，rewardingthosewhocuttheircalorieintakeandbuyhealthieroptions.Participantswillcollectpointsfortheirhealthybehaviors，whichwillunlockrewardsthatcouldincludegympasses，clothesorfoodvouchersanddiscountsforshops，cinemaorthemeparktickets.Afteracompetitivetender（投標）process，HeadUphasbeenchosentodelivertheproject，with3millionpoundscomingfromtheDepartmentofHealthandSocialCaretoprovideincentivesinthepilot.Evidencesuggestsfinancialincentivescanimproveratesofphysicalactivityandinspirehealthiereating.HeadUpwillworkwitharangeoforganizationstoproviderewardssuchasvouchers，discountsandgiftcards.SajidJavid，thehealthsecretary，said："Thisnewpilotwillpavethewayfordevelopinginnovativewaystoimprovethelivesofindividuals，andalsohelptoreducestressontheNationalHealthService.Thispilotisanexcellentopportunitytofindhowbesttoinspirepeopletomakesmallchangestotheirdailylivesthatwillhavealastingpositiveimpactontheirhealth."為了解決英國社會的肥胖危機，英國政府推出了反肥胖運動。1.What’sthepurposeofintroducingtheanti-obesityproject？A.Toprotectpeople’shealth.B.Tohelppeoplesavemoney.C.Toencourageresearchineducation.D.Tofindacureforobesity-relatedillnesses.解析A微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段"Ministerswilloffer...planstosolveBritain’sobesitycrisis"和其次段中的"usesanapptohelppeoplemakechangestotheirdietandphysicalactivity"可以看出，反肥胖運動是為了解決英國社會的肥胖危機，保障人民身體健康，故A項正確。2.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondparagraph？A.Theprojecthasbeenproventobeverysuccessful.B.Participantswillunlocktherewardsbyusingtheapp.C.Participantswillberewardediftheyliveahealthylifestyle.D.ParticipantswillloseweightwhentheywearFitbit-styledevices.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的"rewardingthosewhocuttheircalorieintakeandbuyhealthieroptions.Participantswillcollectpointsfortheirhealthybehaviors，whichwillunlockrewards...tickets"可知，假如參加者削減卡路里攝入、購買更健康的食品，也就是有一個健康的生活方式，他們就可以獲得各種形式的嘉獎和積分，故C項正確。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"incentives"inParagraph3probablymean？A.Data. B.Suggestions.C.Rewards. D.Products.解析C詞義揣測題。由畫線詞前面的"with3millionpoundscomingfromtheDepartmentofHealthandSocialCare"和其次段的內容可知，衛(wèi)生與社會保障部會投資300萬英鎊來嘉獎那些接受健康生活方式的參加者，因此畫線詞incentives應表示"嘉獎，激勵"，故C項與畫線詞在意義上最為接近。4.What’sSajidJavid’sattitudetowardstheanti-obesityproject？A.Negative. B.Positive.C.Indifferent. D.Notclear.解析B看法推斷題。由最終一段中SajidJavid所說的話"Thisnewpilotwillpavethewayfordevelopinginnovativewaystoimprovethelives...helptoreducestress...Thispilotisanexcellentopportunity...positiveimpactontheirhealth"可以看出，SajidJavid對反肥胖運動持主動的看法，故B項正確。B[2024貴州貴陽摸底]OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones，onaverage，344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.Theproblemformanyofusisthatonequickphone-relatedtaskleadstoaquickcheckofouremailorsocialmediafeeds，andsuddenlywe’vebeentrappedintoendlessscrolling（刷屏）.Whatwedoknowisthatthesimpledistractionofcheckingaphoneorseeinganotification（通知）canhavenegativeconsequences.Thisisn’tverysurprising；weknowthat，ingeneral，multitaskingharmsmemoryandperformance.Oneofthemostdangerousexamplesisphoneusewhiledriving.Onestudyfoundthatmerelyspeakingonthephone，nottexting，wasenoughtomakedriversslowertoreactontheroad.It’strueforeverydaytasks，too.Simplyhearinganotification"ding"madeparticipantsofanotherstudyperformfarworseonatask—almostasbadlyasparticipantswhowerespeakingortextingonthephoneduringthetask.Inonerecentstudy，forexample，researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothemsotheywerevisible（likeonadesk），nearbyandoutofsight（likeinabagorpocket），orinanotherroom.Participantsthencompletedaseriesoftaskstotesttheirabilitiestoprocessandrememberinformation，theirproblem-solving，andtheirfocus.Theywerefoundtoperformfarbetterwhentheirphoneswereinanotherroominsteadofnearby—whethervisible，poweredonornot.Thatheldtrueeventhoughmostoftheparticipantsclaimednottobeconsciouslythinkingabouttheirdevices.Ourbrainsmaybesubconsciouslyhardatworkonpreventingthedesirefromcheckingourphones，orconstantlymonitoringtheenvironmenttoseeifweshouldcheckourphone（eg.waitingforanotification）.Eitherway，thisdistractedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.Theonly"fix"，theresearchersfound，wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely.手機會讓人們分心，而這不免會引發(fā)負面后果。究其緣由，多任務處理睬損害人們的留意力和表現(xiàn)?！驹~語積累】devicen.裝置，設備multitaskingn.多任務處理visibleadj.可見的，看得見的processv.處理，加工claimv.聲稱，宣稱constantlyadv.重復不斷地，始終，始終entirelyadv.完全地，徹底地1.WhatdidtherecentreportinParagraph1find？A.Multitaskingisverydangerous.B.Thenotificationisalwaysheard.C.Peopleareaddictedtomobilephones.D.Peoplelikedoingphone-relatedtasks.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的"OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones...ontheirdevicesintotal"可知，最近的一份報告發(fā)覺，美國成年人平均每天查看手機344次——每4分鐘一次——每天總共花在手機上的時間接近3個小時。再結合第一段的"suddenlywe’vebeentrappedintoendlessscrolling（刷屏）"可知，人們會突然陷入無止境的刷屏中。因此該報告發(fā)覺人們對手機上癮，故選C項。2.Howisthetextdeveloped？A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Byexaminingdifferences.C.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.D.Byanalyzingcausesandgivingexamples.解析D寫作手法題。其次段的"Whatwedoknowisthatthesimpledistraction...multitaskingharmsmemoryandperformance"道明白手機讓人分心產生負面后果的緣由；再由其次段的"Oneofthemostdangerousexamplesisphoneusewhiledriving"以及第三段的"Inonerecentstudy，forexample，researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothem...inanotherroom"可知，作者用例子來說明手機讓人分心的危害和避開手機干擾的方法。綜上可知，文章通過分析緣由和舉例來綻開論述，故本題選D。3.Whatshouldyoudotopreventthedesireforcheckingphones？A.Doanythingmoredifficult.B.Usephonestodorightthings.C.Monitortheenvironmentaround.D.Stayawayfromphonesentirely.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終一段末句"Theonly‘fix’，theresearchersfound，wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely"可知，探討人員發(fā)覺只有完全把手機放在另一個房間才能阻擋人們看手機的欲望，故選D。4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A.HowDoWeAvoidtheDistractionofPhones？B.WhyArePeopleFondofUsingMobilePhones？C.WhatShouldWeDoWhenBuyingMobilePhones？D.HowDoWeDoResearchbyUsingMobilePhones？解析A標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹人們手機上癮的現(xiàn)象；其次段探討手機讓人分心產生負面后果的緣由；第三、第四段介紹一個探討，該探討發(fā)覺參加者的手機在另一個房間時他們表現(xiàn)更好；第五段指出解決手機干擾的方法。故A項（我們如何避開手機的干擾？）最適合做本文的標題。二、七選五[2024安徽六校入學素養(yǎng)測試]GettingYourKidstoHaveanAppetiteforSportBeingactiveandmovingissoimportantathingforallofus，especiallyforchildren.1Someparentsfeelupsetwhentheyseetheirchilddoesn’tshowinterestinsport.Sohowcanyouencouragethemtohaveago？Itissuchagoodideatoleadbyexampleasaparent.Thisistrueforavarietyofaspects，especiallywhenchildrenareunwillingtogetinvolvedinsport.2Soyouneedtobesomeonewhoisinterestedandactive，ifyouwantanyhopeofthemdoingsotoo.Ifyoulieonthecouchalldaythentheywilljustlearntodothattoo.3Whiletheycanchoosewhotheywanttosupport，seeingyourenthusiasmforaparticularplayerorteamcanbejustwhatisneededtostarttheirjourney.Youcanlookforateamuniformstoretogetthemasportshirtwiththeirnameon，forexample，aswellaswatchtheteamplayoneoftheirgames.4Ifsomethingisdull，itwillbehardforchildrentobeenthusiasticaboutit.Thiswillmakethemturntheirbacksonit，whichisnotagoodthingforlaterlife.Iftheyshowparticularskillandlearntoplaysport，thenmorepracticeandtrainingcancomein.5Whentheycanenjoywhattheydo，theywillonlyseeitassomethingfuntodo，ratherthanwhatweasadultsmightseeitas，suchasachoretoburncalories.Whateversportyourchildrenchoosetoplay，encouragethemandmakeitfun，andthenitwillbesomethingthattheywillwanttocarryondoingastheygoabouttherestoftheirlives.A.Theywon’tbeinterestedinsportifyou’renot.B.Shareyourenthusiasmanditwillhelptofuelapassion.C.Herearesomeothertipsthatyouwouldsharewiththem.D.Sothinkaboutwaysthatcangetthemtobeactiveinthesport.E.Howactiveachildiswillimpacthisoverallhealthandlearning.F.Apartfromleadingbyexample，youcouldalsoshareyourfavoriteteam.G.However，themainmessageofinvolvingchildreninsportistokeepitfun.本文為說明文，主要介紹了讓孩子參加運動的幾點建議。1.E"Beingactive...especiallyforchildren"與E項之間為遞進關系，E項從更詳細的方面說明白活躍程度對孩子的影響。2.AA項與"Soyouneedtobesomeonewhoisinterestedandactive"之間為因果關系。3.FF項放在此處可充當段落主題句。4.BB項中的shareyourenthusiasm與段落中的seeingyourenthusiasm相照應。5.GG項與"Whentheycanenjoywhattheydo，theywillonlyseeitassomethingfuntodo"相吻合。三、完形填空[2024寧夏銀川二診改編]Peoplemaymisunderstandwhattheyusedtobefamiliarwith.Iremembera1professor，invitedtoourschooltoteachstressmanagementprinciplesintheschoolhallfilledwithstudents.Asshe2aglassofwater，eachofusexpectedwe’dbeaskedthe3"glasshalfemptyorglasshalffull"question.Instead，withasmileonherface，theprofessorasked，"How4isthisglassofwaterI’mholding？"Allofusshoutedoutanswersrangingfrom8ouncestoacoupleofpounds.Shethenreplied，"Frommypointofview，theabsoluteweightofthisglassdoesn’tmatter.Itall5howlongIholdit.IfIholditforaminuteortwo，it’sratherlight.IfIholditforanhourstraight，itsweightmightmakemyarm6abit.IfIholditforadaystraight，myarmwilllikelycrampupandfeel7numbandparalyzed，forcingmetodroptheglasstothefloor.Ineachcasementionedabove，the8oftheglassdoesn’tchange，butthelongerIholdit，theheavieritfeelstome."Asthewholeclass9ourheadsinagreement，shecontinued，"Your10andworriesinlifeareverymuchlikethisglassofwater.Thinkaboutthemforalittlewhileand11happens.Thinkaboutthemabitlongerandyoubegintosufferalittle.Thinkaboutthemalldaylong，andyouwillfeelspeciallynumbandparalyzed—12ofdoinganythingelseuntilyoudropthem."It’simportanttorememberto13yourstressesandworries.Whateverhappensduringtheday，asearlyintheeveningasyoucan，putallyourburdensdown.Don’t14themthroughthenightandintothenextdaywithyou.Ifyoustillfeeltheweightofyesterday’sstress，it’sastrongsignthatit’stimetoputthe15down.一位心理學教授利用舉一杯水的時間長短所引發(fā)的感受教會學生要適時放下壓力和焦慮。1.A.physics B.chemistryC.literature D.psychology解析D由下文中的"toteachstressmanagementprinciples"可知，這是位心理學教授，故選D。2.A.lent B.raisedC.drank D.pointed解析B由第四段的內容可知，這里是指教授舉起（raised）一杯水問學生問題，故選B。3.A.interesting B.meaningfulC.typical D.personal解析C結合常識和選項可知，學生們以為教授會問老生常談的"半杯水還是一杯水的問題"。interesting好玩的，meaningful有意義的，typical典型的，personal私人的。C項符