材科111龍偉漾01524118

材科111龐東旭01524114材料專業(yè)英語

12月1號(hào)1/18Chapter8

RecentAdvancesinMaterialsScienceandTechnologyandFutureTrends2/188．1

RecentAdvancesinMaterialsScienceandTechnology材料科學(xué)與技術(shù)最新進(jìn)展/url54327530/287205523/18Smartmaterials

智能材料humidity

n.溫度，潮濕generically

adv.普通地actuators

n.傳動(dòng)裝置sensory

adj.傳感器，感覺、官shape-memoryalloys

形狀記憶合金piezoelectric

adj.壓電revert

v.回復(fù)，還原criticaltransformationtemperature

臨界轉(zhuǎn)變溫度

stent

n.血管內(nèi)支架adj.擴(kuò)張strainless

adj.無應(yīng)力4/18Inrecentdecades,anumberofexcitinginitiativesinmaterialssciencehavebeenundertakenthatcouldpotentiallyrevolutionizethefutureofthefield．Smartmaterialsanddevicesatmicrometersizescaleandnanomaterialsaretwoclassesofmaterialsthatwillcriticallyaffectallmajorindustries.5/18近幾十年來，一些令人興奮舉措，材料科學(xué)已經(jīng)承諾，有可能徹底改變?cè)擃I(lǐng)域未來。智能材料和微米大小規(guī)模設(shè)備和納米材料是兩類材料，這將嚴(yán)重影響全部主要行業(yè)。6/18smartmaterialsSomesmartmaterialshavebeenaroundforyearsbutarefindingmoreapplications.Theyhavetheabilitytosenseexternalenvironmentalstimuli(temperature，stress，light，humidity,andelectricandmagneticfields)andrespondtothembychangingtheirproperties(mechanical，electrical,orappearance)，structure，orfunctions．7/18智能材料/mil/worldwide/05/8a096271-d7eb-4bd7-b58c-7213feb8aec0.shtml一些智能材料已經(jīng)存在多年，而且發(fā)覺了很多應(yīng)用。它們含有感測(cè)外部環(huán)境刺激（溫度，壓力，光，濕度和電場(chǎng)和磁場(chǎng)）能力，并經(jīng)過這些刺激改變其性能（機(jī)械性能，電學(xué)性能或

外觀）結(jié)構(gòu)或功效。8/18LED閃光燈、智能醫(yī)護(hù)T恤9/18Thesematerialsaregenericallycalledsmartmaterials．Smartmaterialsorsystemsthatusesmartmaterialsconsistofsensorsandactuators．Thesensorycomponentdetectsachangeintheenvironment,andtheactuatorscomponentperformsaspecificfunctionoraresponse．Forinstance，somesmartmaterialschangeorproducecolorwhenexposedtochangesintemperature，lightintensity，oranelectriccurrent．10/18這些材料普通稱為智能材料。智能材料及其系統(tǒng)使用這種材料，它由傳感器和傳動(dòng)裝置（執(zhí)行器）組成。傳感器零件檢測(cè)環(huán)境中改變，執(zhí)行器零件執(zhí)行特定功效或作出反應(yīng)。比如，一些智能材料當(dāng)暴露于溫度，光強(qiáng)，或電流改變時(shí)改變或產(chǎn)生對(duì)應(yīng)顏色。11/18/v_102_610/MTEwNDk5ODc.htmlSomeofthemoretechnologicallyimportantsmartmaterialsthatcanfunctionasactuatorsareshape-memoryalloysandpiezoelectricceramics．Shape-memoryalloysaremetalalloysthat，oncestrained，revertbacktotheiroriginalshapeuponanincreaseintemperatureaboveacriticaltransformationtemperature．12/18一些比較主要技術(shù)智能材料，靠它們傳動(dòng)裝置是形狀記憶合金和壓電陶瓷而起作用。形狀記憶合金是金屬合金，它伴隨溫度升高并在高于臨界轉(zhuǎn)變溫度后恢復(fù)到原來形狀，產(chǎn)生應(yīng)變。13/18感光、溫玻璃；空調(diào)床墊，14/18Thechangeinshapebacktotheoriginalisduetoachangeinthecrystalstructureabovethetransformation

temperature．Onebiomedicalapplicationofashape—memoryalloyisastentforsupportingweakenedarterywallsorforexpandingnarrowarteries．Thedeformedstentisfirstdeliveredintheappropriatepositioninthearteryusingaprobe．15/18形狀返回到原始形狀這一改變是因?yàn)樵跍囟雀哂谵D(zhuǎn)變溫度時(shí)晶體結(jié)構(gòu)改變。形狀記憶合金在生物醫(yī)學(xué)中一個(gè)應(yīng)用，是用來制作支撐變?nèi)鮿?dòng)脈壁或擴(kuò)張狹窄動(dòng)脈支架。變形支架在使用探針動(dòng)脈適當(dāng)位置先交付。16/18Thestentexpandstoitsoriginalshapeandsizeafterincreaseitstemperaturetobodytemperature．Forcomparison，theconventionalmethodofexpandingorsupportinganarteryisthroughtheuseofastrainlesssteeltubethatisexpandedusingaballoon.Examplesofsh