課時素養(yǎng)評價

十六Unit6Startingout&Understandingideas

------------語用訓練-----------

I.單句語法填空

1.Manypeopleweresurprisedbythegovernment?sarmouncement(announce)thatthere

willbeacutintaxes.

2.Thelatereruptions(erupt)werelessviolentandcausednosignificantdamage.

3.Whatisoccurring(occur)todayisonlyarepeatofyesterday.

4.Whensheasksyoutodosomething,youdoitimmediately(immediate).

5.Itwasoneofthegreatestseadisasters(disaster)inhumanhistory.

11.選詞填空

pickup,lookthrough,reactto,inthefaceof,afterall

1.Theyaremyfriends,afterall.

2.Thestudentswerelookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells.

3.Wewonderedhowhereactedtothenews.

4.Weshouldhaveabroadheartinthefaceoflife.

5.HepickedupsomeEnglishwhentravellinginAmerica.

III.完成句子

1.It'spossiblethatwewilloftenflyupintospaceinfuture,今后，我們有可

能經(jīng)常飛上太空。

2.Nowthatyou'vepassedthetest,youcandriveonyourown.既然你通過測試了，

你可以自己開車了。

3.What'smore/Inaddition,Ihaven?tdoneenoughpracticeforthem.

而且，我也沒有為它們做充分的訓練和準備。

■-----------主題閱讀----------■

I.閱讀理解

A

Ameteorite(隕石)movedquicklyacrosstheskyandexploded(爆炸)overcentral

RussiaonFeb.15,rainingfireballsoveravastareaandcausingashockwavethat

smashedwindows,damagedbuildingsandinjured1,200people.

PeopleheadingtoworkinChelyabinskheardwhatsoundedlikeanexplosion,saw

abrightlightandthenfelttheshockwave,accordingtoaReuter'sjournalist

intheindustrialcity1,500kmeastofMoscow.

Thefireball,travellingataspeedof30kmpersecondaccordingtoRussian

FederalSpaceAgency（Roscosmos）,hadblazed（熊熊燃燒）acrossthehorizon（地平線），

leavingalongwhitetrailthatcouldbeseenasfaras200kmaway.

Caralarmswentoff,thousandsofwindowswerebrokenandmobilephonenetworks

wereinterruptedforashorttime.TheInteriorMinistrysaidthemeteoriteexplosion,

averyraresight,alsoreleasedagreatexplosivesound.

“Iwasdrivingtowork.Itwasquitedark,butitsuddenlybecamebrightas

ifitwereday,“saidViktorProkofiev,36,aresident（居民）ofYekaterinburgin

theUralMountains,“feltlikeIwasblindedbyheadlights（車前燈）.”

Themeteorite,whichweighedabout10tonnesandmayhavebeenmadeofiron,

enteredEarth'satmosphereandbrokeapart30km-50kmaboveground,according

toRussia'sAcademyofSciences.

“Theenergyreleased（釋放）whenitenteredtheEarth?satmospherewasequal

toafewkilotonnes,“theacademysaid,“thepowerofasmallatomicweapon

exploding.”

NodeathswerereportedbuttheEmergenciesMinistrysaid20,000rescueand

clean-upworkersweresenttoUralRegionafterPresidentVladimirPutintold

EmergenciesMinisterVladimirPuchkovtoeaseandhelpthevictims.

TheInteriorMinistrysaidabout1,200peoplehadbeeninjured,atleast200

ofthemwerechildren,andmostfrombrokenpiecesofglass.

【文章大意】這是一篇新聞報道。主要講述了隕石劃過天空在俄羅斯中部的烏拉爾地區(qū)爆炸

的事件。文章詳細記述了當時人們看到的情景和感受以及它對周圍環(huán)境的影響。

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthemeteoritefromthepassage?

A.Itisaveryhugeballmadeofiron.

B.Itquicklybrokeapartontheground.

C.ItexplodedoverRussia'sUralRegion.

D.It'ssimilartoanA-bombinweight.

【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Ameteoritemovedquicklyacrosstheskyand

explodedovercentralRussiaonFeb.15（2月15日，一顆隕石迅速地劃過天空在俄羅斯

中部爆炸）和第五段中的“Iwasdrivingtowork.Itwasquitedark,butitsuddenly

becamebrightasifitwereday,“saidViktorProkofiev,36,aresidentof

YekaterinburgintheUralMountains.（烏拉爾地區(qū)葉卡捷琳堡的一位36歲的居民Viktor

Prokofiev說：“我正在開車去上班的路上。天很黑了，但是突然又亮得像是白天一樣"）可

知，這塊隕石是在俄羅斯中部的烏拉爾地區(qū)爆炸的。

2.Theunderlinedword“smashed”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto

A.brokeB.meltedC.burnedD.cleared

【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段句意可知，隕石劃過天空在俄羅斯中部爆炸，火球像

雨點一樣落在廣闊的區(qū)域，產(chǎn)生了沖擊波使玻璃震碎、損壞大樓，使1200人受傷。呼應第

四段中的Caralarmswentoff,thousandsofwindowswerebrokeno所以空格處單詞與

broken是近義呼應，都是形容windows的。broke”弄碎，弄壞"；melted"熔

化"；burned“燒毀”；cleared"清除，使干凈”。

3.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.

A.Moscowis1,500kilometersawayfromtheeastofChelyabinsk

B.manyhousesweredestroyed,withlotsofpeoplereportedmissing

C.ViktorProkofievbecameblindafterseeingtheraresight

D.theshockwavebrieflyinfluencedmobilephonenetworks

【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的mobilephonenetworkswereinterruptedfor

ashorttime（手機的網(wǎng)絡信號被中斷了一小會兒）可知，沖擊波使移動網(wǎng)絡短時間內(nèi)中斷。

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.aMeteoriteRush“BeginsinRussia

B.PresidentPutinOrdersAssistance

C.MeteoriteHitsRussia,1,200PeopleHurt

D.MeteoriteFliesQuicklyAcrossRussia

【解析】選C。主旨大意題。這是一篇新聞報道，根據(jù)題材特點，首段就點明了這篇文章的中

心內(nèi)容。由第一段段意“隕石劃過天空在俄羅斯中部爆炸，火球像雨點一樣落在廣闊的區(qū)域,

產(chǎn)生了沖擊波使玻璃震碎、損壞大樓，使1200人受傷?！笨芍?，這篇報道不僅要告訴讀者

這個事件，還要向讀者傳達它帶來的嚴重后果，以及它對周圍環(huán)境的影響。A項

“"MeteoriteRush'開始于俄羅斯”；B項“總統(tǒng)普京下令救援”；C項“隕石襲擊俄羅斯，

1200人受傷”；D項“隕石迅速飛過俄羅斯”，只有選項C在交代事件的同時也強調(diào)了后果。

B

HiDanny,

GreetingsfromtheGreatBarrierReef!I'inridingonasailingboatwithsome

relativesasIwritethis.We'redivinghereallnextweek.Thereefislocatedin

theCoralSeathatisoffthenortheastcoastofAustralia.

Thereefismadeupofmanycorals.Coralsareveryhardandmadeofmanytiny

animalscalled“polyps“thatlooklikeunderwaterflowers.Thecoralsneedhelp

toeat.Theyhaveaspecialrelationshipwithothersmallanimals,“algae”（藻

類），whichtakeinsunlightandmakeenergyforthecorals.It,sthealgaethat

givecolortothecorals.Becausealgaeneedsunlight,thecoralsareveryclose

tothesurfaceofthewater.

Together,themanycoralscreateamagicalenvironment.Theymakeahomefor

theanimalsthatliveinthesea.WhenIwentdivingtheotherday,Isawalltypes

ofdifferentanimals-dolphins,turtles（海龜）andseasnakes.Iwassurprisedat

beingabletoseesomefishIseeonlyinmovies,likeclownfish（小丑魚）.AsI

amdiving,Icanfeelthespiritofthismagicalplace.Itseemsthattheseanimals

aren,tsurprisedtoseeme.MaybetheythinkI'manotherfish!

Sadly,accordingtoscientists,theGreatBarrierReefisdyingbecausethe

waterisgettingwarmerduetoglobalwarming.Astheoceangetswarmer,thealgae

thatliveinthecoralsarecutofffromthefoodtheyneedformakingenergy.As

aresult,theyleavethecorals,andthecoralsdieandlosetheircolor.Wesee

manydeadwhitecoralswhenwedive.Weneedtostopglobalwarmingandkeepthewater

fromgettinghotter!

Seeyousoon,

Gloria

【文章大意】這是一篇應用文?文章為作者寫給Danny的一封信，信中介紹了位于澳大利亞

東北海岸的珊瑚海的大堡礁。介紹了大堡礁的環(huán)境，以及由于全球變暖而導致大堡礁死亡的

問題。

5.WhereisGloriawritingfrom?

A.Asailingboat.B.GreatBarrierReef.

C.Ahotelroom.D.Arelative'shouse.

【解析】選Ao細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中I'mridingonasailingboatwithsomerelatives

asIwritethis.可知，寫這篇文章的時候，Gloria正和一些親戚在一艘帆船上。

6.Whatdoalgaedoforcorals?

A.Theygivesunlighttothecorals.

B.Theymakeenergyforthecoralstogrow.

C.Theycapturefishforthecoralstoeat.

D.Theyallowthecoralstomovearound.

【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Theyhaveaspecialrelationshipwithother

smallanimals,“algae”,whichtakeinsunlightandmakeenergyforthecorals.

可知，它們與其他小動物“藻類”有著特殊的關系，藻類吸收陽光，為珊瑚提供能量。由此

可知，藻類為珊瑚生長提供能量。

7.Whyisthecoralreefdescribedas“magical”?

A.Theauthorhadneverbeentherebefore.

B.Theareacanallowtheanimalstodomagicalthings.

C.It'sanotherworldwithmanyanimalsandcolors.

D.CoralsgrowonlyattheGreatBarrierReef.

【解析】選Co細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中It'sthealgaethatgivecolortothecorals.

可知是藻類給了珊瑚顏色，因此珊瑚礁是一個有色彩的世界。以及第三段中Theymakeahome

fortheanimalsthatliveinthesea.可知，它們?yōu)樯钤诤＠锏膭游锝艘粋€家。由

此可知，珊瑚礁被描述為“神奇的”，因為這是另一個有許多動物和色彩的世界。

8.Whyisthewritersadaboutthefutureofthecorals?

A.Shefearstheywilleventuallydiefromglobalwarming.

B.Whencoralsdie,theylosetheircolorandturntoaboringwhite.

C.Notenoughpeoplewillhaveachancetoseethismagicalplace.

D.She'ssadthatthecoralsandalgaewillbreaktheirrelationship.

【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Sadly,accordingtoscientists,theGreat

BarrierReefisdyingbecausethewaterisgettingwarmerduetoglobalwarming.可

知，不幸的是，根據(jù)科學家的說法，由于全球變暖，海水變暖，大堡礁正在死亡。由此可知，

作者對珊瑚的未來感到悲傷，是因為她擔心它們最終會死于全球變暖。

II.閱讀填句

Irecentlyreceivedane-mailfromawisespeaker.Inhise-mail,hepointed

outsomeobstaclesthatlieaheadonthewaytosuccess.]

Laziness.Evenwitharightgoalandthecouragetopursueit,yourefforts

willbeinvainunlessyou*rewillingtotakeaction.2Postyourvisionsand

plansinyourbedroom,bathroomandoffice.Sharethemwithothers.Inthatcase,

everyonecouldbeyoursupervisor.Makeyourselfresponsibleandbecomethemaster

ofyourdestiny.

Doubt.3Lifeandworkcanbehardandevencruel.Remember,theraceis

notforthesmartestbutforthosewhodon,tgiveup.Ratherthanallowingdoubt

tostandinyourpath,youoweittoyourselftoremainconfidentinyourplan.

4

Dishonesty.Asyoubegintobesuccessful,you'11tendtolie,exaggerate（夸

大），andcheatinordertomoveyouragendaforward.However,takingtheeasyway

ofdishonestywillmakeyoubecomethepersonyouhate.5Truesuccesscomeswhen

youareapersonofyourword,whenyouhaveapureconscience（良心），andwhenyou

havenotcheatedothersonyourwaytothetop.

A.Onlythebravecanovercomethisfirstobstacle.

B.HisthoughtsweresodeepandinsightfulthatIeditedthem.

C.Writedownyourgoalsandtheactionstepsyou,11taketopursuethosegoals.

D.Intheend,itcausesfarmoreproblemsthantakingtheriskoftellingthetruth.

E.Adjustitasneededalongtheway,butalwaysknowthatsuccesswillultimately

beyours.

F.Onceyou'vemadeadecision,doubtisawormthateatsawayatyourabilityto

succeed.

G.Ifyoucan'texperiencegratitude,youmightaswellhavestayedexactlywhere

youstarted.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章向讀者傳達了成功路上需克服的幾個障礙：懶惰、不自

信以及不誠實。

1.【解析】選B?？崭裎挥诙挝病７治鑫恼碌钠陆Y構可知，這篇文章采用的是總分形式，這

句話起承上啟下的作用，引出下面作者即將論述的三點內(nèi)容。空格前一句句意為“在他的電

子郵件里，他指出了成功路上需要克服的一些障礙”。選項B（他的想法非常深刻且有洞察力，

于是我引用了它們。）與上一句句意相符，且其中的His與上句中的he形成很明顯的呼應關

系，故選故

2.【解析】選Co空格位于段中。由空格所在段落的第一句話“Laziness”可知，這段內(nèi)容

是與懶惰緊密相關的?？崭袂耙痪渚湟鉃椤凹词鼓繕苏_，也有勇氣去實現(xiàn)它，如果你不采

取行動，你的努力也將會變得無價值?！边x項C（寫下你的目標和你要實現(xiàn)那些目標需要采取

的行動）與上句句意吻合。并且其中的goals與theactionsteps都可與上一句形成呼應關

系。故選Co

3.【解析】選F。空格位于段中。雖然空格位于段中，但是第一句是本段中心詞。所以第一

句會緊密圍繞中心詞展開。由“Doubt”可知，這段主要講懷疑。選項F（一旦你做了決定，懷

疑就像一條蠕蟲能消耗掉你成功的能力）是對Doubt的解釋，并且這句話主語doubt也與中心

詞呼應。故選F。

4.【解析】選E?？崭裎挥诙挝病？崭裆弦痪渚湟鉃椤安灰寫岩蓳踉谀愕穆飞?，你要自己

決定保證對你的計劃充滿自信?！边x項E（需要的時候可以調(diào)整它，但是要記住成功最終會是

你自己的。）與上句句意吻合，且其中的it指代上句中的plan,Kalwaysknowthatsuccess

willultimatelybeyours"與上句中的"Ratherthanallowingdoubttostandinyour

path”也呼應。故選E。

5.【解析】選D?空格位于段中。由首句"Dishonesty”可知，這段內(nèi)容主要與“不誠實”

有關。選項D（最后，它會造成比講真話帶來的風險更多的問題。）是描述的Dishonesty的后

果，并且其中的"tellingthetruthw與Dishonesty形成反義呼應。故選井

III.完形填空

（2020?揚州高一檢測）

Insomeareasoftheworldtheweatherisvery]andthisfactplaysan

importantpartinthedailylivesofthepeople.2theyarefarmers,fishermen,

orsailors,forinstance,they3knowaboutthesechangesaheadoftime.Space

scientistsandairplanepilots4needweatherinformation.

Sinceearliesttime,menhave5thesky,thewind,andtheatmosphere,

aswellasavarietyofotherweathersigns,inordertomakeweather6.But

oftentheirweatherpredictionshavenotbeenaccurate（準確的）.Nowthereare

governmentbureaus（局，處）inmanyplacesthat7weatherconditionsvery

carefully.Theyusealotofscientific8tohelpthemmaketheirforecasts（預

報）.Forinstance,theyhaveinstrumentsto9speedanddirectionofthewind.

Thustheycanpredictthepathofastorm.Theyhavespecialballoons,ships,and

airplanestohelpthem10theiraccuracy,andtheymakeuseofradar,satellites

andcomputerstogather11information.

Todaywhenapilottakesofffromanairport,he12knowwhatkindof

weathertoexpectwhenhereacheshisdestination（目的地）.Ifthereis13rain

orsnowinthemountains,aweatherbureaucanpredictthedayand14thehour

thatarivermayoverflow（使?jié)q滿）itsbanksmanymilesaway.Whenastormismoving

inacertaindirection,thepeopleinthatareacanlearnofitaheadoftimeand

15it.

【文章大意】天氣對人們的生活很重要，介紹了以前人們是怎么預測天氣的，還有現(xiàn)在人們

是怎么預測天氣的，對人們有什么作用。

1.A.fineB.terrible

C.changeableD.changeless

【解析】選c。根據(jù)下文可知天氣是多變的。

2.A.BecauseB.Though

C.IfD.When

【解析】選C。表示假設，如果他們是農(nóng)民、漁夫、水手。用if。

3.A.canB.may

C.willD.needto

【解析】選D。結合上下文可知天氣變化很重要，所以他們需要提前知道天氣變化。

4.A.generallyB.especially

C.usuallyD.seldom

【解析】選