Chapter1TheMiddleAgesGeoffreyChaucerGeoffreyChaucer(1343—1400）第一階段：始于14世紀(jì)60年代末代表作：TheBookoftheDuchess《悼公爵夫人》第二階段：始于14世紀(jì)70年代代表作：TheHouseofFame《聲譽(yù)之堂》

TroilusandCriseyde《特羅勒斯與克麗西德》第三階段：擺脫外國文學(xué)影響的成熟期代表作：TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》喬叟：“英國詩歌之父”，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的奠基人詩歌特點(diǎn)反映社會(huì)生活刻畫各階層人物倫敦方言TheCanterburyTales細(xì)微的筆觸，傳神的描寫，諷刺與幽默結(jié)合英國文學(xué)史上現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)作品的第一部杰作刻畫不同階層的市民形象體現(xiàn)早期人文主義者樂觀精神詩人前往坎特伯雷朝圣，在倫敦郊區(qū)的泰巴旅店碰上29位同去朝圣的信徒，遂相約結(jié)伴而行。為解旅途寂寞，眾人聽從酒店老板的建議，計(jì)劃在往返途中每人各講兩個(gè)故事。作者原計(jì)劃寫120個(gè)故事，但到作者去世時(shí)，只寫成一個(gè)引子和24個(gè)故事，其中還有兩個(gè)是散文體。TheCanterburyTales(excerpt)WhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;WhanZephiruseekwithhissweetebreethInspiredhathineveryholtandheethThetendrecroppes,andtheyongesonneHathintheRamhishalfecoursyronne,Andsmalefowelesmakenmelodye,Thatslepenalthenyghtwithopeneye-(SoprikethhemNatureinhircorages);ThannelongenfolktogoononpilgrimagesAndpalmeresfortosekenstraungestrondesTofernehalwes,kowtheinsondrylondes;AndspeciallyfromeveryshiresendeOfEngelond,toCaunterburytheywende,ThehoolyblisfulmartirfortosekeThathemhathholpen,whanthattheywereseeke.當(dāng)四月的甘霖滲透了三月枯竭的根須，沐灌了絲絲莖絡(luò)，觸動(dòng)了生機(jī)，使枝頭涌現(xiàn)出花蕾，當(dāng)和風(fēng)吹拂，使得山林莽原遍吐著嫩條新芽，青春的太陽已轉(zhuǎn)過半邊白羊?qū)m座，小鳥唱起曲調(diào)，通宵睜開睡眼，是自然撥弄著它們的心弦；這時(shí)，人們渴望著朝拜四方名壇，游僧們也立愿跋涉異鄉(xiāng)。尤其在英格蘭地方，他們從每一州的角落，向著坎特伯雷出發(fā)，去朝謝他們的救病恩主、福澤無邊的殉難圣徒。Bifil

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bigynne．那是個(gè)初夏方臨的日子，我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息；懷著一顆虔誠的赤子心，我準(zhǔn)備翌日出發(fā)去朝圣。黃昏前后華燈初上時(shí)分，旅店院里涌入很多客人；二十九人來自各行各業(yè)，不期而遇都到旅店過夜。這些香客人人虔心誠意，次日要騎馬去坎特伯雷?？头颗c馬廄寬敞又潔凈，店主的招待周到而殷勤。夕陽剛從地平線上消失，眾人同我已經(jīng)相互結(jié)識(shí)；大家約好不等雞鳴就起床，迎著熹微晨光干燥把路上?？墒窃谖覕⑹龉适轮?，讓我占用諸位一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，依我之見似乎還很必要，把每人的情況作些介紹。談?wù)勊麄儚氖率裁葱袠I(yè)，社會(huì)地位屬于哪個(gè)階層，容貌衣著舉止又是如何，那么我就先把騎士說說AKNYGHTtherwas,andthataworthyman,ThatfrothetymethathefirstbiganToridenout,helovedchivalrie,Troutheandhonour,fredomandcurteisie.Fulworthywasheinhislordeswerre,Andthertohaddeheriden,nomanferre,Aswelincristendomasinhethenesse,Andeverehonouredforhisworthynesse.AtAlisaundrehewas,whanitwaswonn.FuloftetymehehaddethebordbigonneAbovenallenacionsinPruce;InLettowhaddehereysed,andinRuce,NoCristenmansoofteofhisdegree.InGernadeattheseegeeekhaddehebeOfAlgezir,andrideninBelmarye.AtLyeyswasheandatSatalye,Whantheywerewonne;andintheGreteSeeAtmanyanoblearmeehaddehebe.Atmortalbatailleshaddehebeenfiftene,AndfoughtenforourefeithatTramysseneInlystesthries,andayslaynhisfoo.騎士的人品出眾而且高尚，自從軍以來就馳騁于疆場(chǎng)，待人彬彬有禮，大度而豪爽，珍惜榮譽(yù)節(jié)操和騎士風(fēng)尚。為君主效命創(chuàng)輝煌戰(zhàn)績，所到國家之遠(yuǎn)無人能比，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)于基督和異教之邦，因功勛卓著縷縷受表彰。他攻打過亞歷山大利亞；在普魯士慶功宴上有他，這位佼佼者多次坐首席；從立陶宛直打到俄羅斯，同級(jí)的騎士都大為遜色；攻克阿給西勒有他一個(gè)，還出征到過柏爾瑪利亞；奪取烈亞斯和薩塔利亞；他還多次游弋于地中海，跟隨登陸大軍將敵戰(zhàn)敗。十五次比武他大顯身手，為捍衛(wèi)信仰而浴血奮斗；在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上三次殺死敵將，高貴的武士美名傳四方。ThisilkeworthyknyghthaddebeenalsoSomtymewiththelordofPalatyeAgaynanotherhetheninTurkye.Andeveremoorehehaddeasovereynprys;Andthoughthathewereworthy,hewaswys,Andofhisportasmeekeasisamayde.HenevereyetnovileynyenesaydeInalhislyfuntonomanerwight.Hewasaverray,parfitgenilknyght.But,fortotellenyowofhisarray,Hishorsweregoode,buthewasnatgay.OffustianheweredagyponAlbismoteredwithhishabergeoun,Forhewaslateycomefromhisviage,Andwentefortodoonhispilgrymage.Withhymtherwashissone,ayongSQUIER,Alovyereandalustybacheler;Withlokkescrulle,astheywereleydinpresse.Oftwentyyeerofagehewas,Igesse.Ofhisstaturehewasofevenelengthe,Andwonderlydelyvere,andofgreetstrengthe.他一度侍奉帕拉希亞的君王，在那段時(shí)間里我們這位騎士征討土耳其異教徒的另一支：每次贏得最高榮譽(yù)的總是他。盡管他極其勇敢卻世事洞達(dá)，舉止的溫和簡(jiǎn)直就像是姑娘；一生中他不管遇到什么對(duì)象，也從來都不曾說過一句粗話。這騎士真是忠貞、完美又溫雅?，F(xiàn)在我告訴你們他那副裝備：他的馬雖好，衣著卻并不華美。穿的是一襲粗布的無袖長衣，已被他鎖子甲弄得滿是污跡；因?yàn)樗沁h(yuǎn)征后剛乘船歸來，接著便上路來進(jìn)行這次朝拜。他有個(gè)兒子隨行，這年輕扈從正在戀愛，他精神振奮又忠勇，有一頭像是火鉗燙出的鬈發(fā)。依我看，他年紀(jì)約在二十上下；他的個(gè)子同一般的人差不多，但孔武有力而且出奇地靈活。AndhehaddebeensomtymeinchyvachieInFlaundres,inArtoys,andPycardie,Andbornhymweel,asofsolitelspace,Inhopetostondeninhisladygrace.Embroudedwashe,asitwereameede,Alfuloffresshefloures,whyteandreede;Syngyngehewas,orfloytynge,altheday,HewasasfresshasisthemontheofMay.Shortwashisgowne,withsleveslongeandwyde.Welkoudehesitteonhors,afaireryde.Hekoudesongesmake,andwelendite,Juste,andeekdaunce,andweelpurtreyeandwrite.Sohootehelovede,thatdoothanyghtyngale.Curteishewas,lowely,andservysable,Andcarfbifornhisfaderatthetable.AYEMANhaddeheandservantznamoAtthattyme,forhymlisteridesoo;Andhewascladincoteandhoodofgrene.他一度隨同騎十團(tuán)遠(yuǎn)征各地——到過佛蘭德斯、阿圖瓦、皮卡第——時(shí)間雖很短，然而表現(xiàn)卻不壞，為的是博取他心上人的青睞。他繡花的衣裳像是草地一片，滿是白花和紅花，新鮮又嬌艷。整天里他不是唱歌就是吹笛，就像是五月天充滿青春朝氣。他穿著短衫，那袖子又肥又大。他精于騎術(shù)，善于駕御他的馬；他能文能詩，能作曲又能跳舞，還能繪畫并騎馬執(zhí)矛去比武。熾熱的愛火在他的心中燃燒，使他夜里睡得同夜鶯一樣少。他謙遜有禮，樂于幫人家一手；到了餐桌上，他總為父親切肉。

騎士還帶有一名跟班，他這趟沒多帶仆從，因?yàn)樗麗圻@樣闖；跟班的外衣和兜帽全是綠色；Asheefofpecokarwes,brightandkeneUnderhisbelthebarfulthriftily,(Welkoudehedressehistakelyemanly:Hisearwesdroupednoghtwithfethereslowe)Andinhishandhebaaramyghtybowe.Anotheedhaddehe,withabrounvisage,Ofwoodecraftwelkoudehealtheusage.Uponhisarmhebaaragaybracer,Andbyhissydeaswerdandabokeler,AndonthatothersydeagaydaggereHarneisedwelandsharpeaspointofspere.ACristopheronhisbrestofsilversheene.Anhornhebar,thebawdrykwasofgrene;Aforsterwashe,soothly,asIgesse.TherwasalsoaNonne,aPRIORESSE,Thatofhirsmylyngwasfulsympleandcoy;HirgrettesteoothwasbutbySeinteLoy;AndshewasclepedMadameEglentyne.腰帶下有一筒利箭穩(wěn)穩(wěn)掛著；孔雀毛的箭羽，箭鏃閃閃熠熠(這箭從沒因箭羽萎蔫而落地:他善于修整武器，因?yàn)槭青l(xiāng)勇)而他手中握著的，是一張硬弓。他臉色黝黑，短發(fā)蓋在頭四周。論林中狩獵，他可是一把好手。他的手臂上套著精致的護(hù)腕，身子的一旁是他的盾牌和劍；另一邊則是寒光閃閃的匕首，它制作精良，鋒利得就像矛頭。他胸前閃著白銀的圣徒像章，一只號(hào)角掛在他綠色肩帶上——是個(gè)護(hù)林人，我想我猜得不錯(cuò)。

還有一位女修道院院長嬤嬤，她淺淺的笑容謙和而又純真，她的痛罵是說聲“圣羅伊作證”；大家對(duì)她的稱呼是玫瑰女士。Fulweelshesoongtheservicedyvyne,Entunedinhirnosefulsemely,AndFrensshshespakfulfaireandfetisly,AfterthescoleofStratford-atte-Bowe,ForFrensshofParyswastohirunknowe.Atmetewelytaughtwasshewithalle:Sheleetnomorselfromhirlippesfalle,Newettehirfyngresinhirsaucedepe;Welkoudeshecarieamorsel,andwelkepeThatnodropenefilleuponhirbrist.Incurteisiewassetfulmuchehirlist.Hireover-lippewypedshesocleneThatinhircoppetherwasnoferthyngseneOfgrece,whanshedronkenhaddehirdraughte.Fulsemelyafterhirmetesheraughte.Andsikerly,shewasofgreetdesport,Andfulplesaunt,andamyableofport,AndpeynedhirtocountrefetecheereOfcourt,andbeenestatlichofmanere,Andtobenholdendigneofreverence.聽她唱歌要趁她做禮拜之時(shí)，她唱的圣歌帶鼻音最是動(dòng)人；她講的法語既流利又很標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——是從斯特拉特福學(xué)來的腔調(diào)，因?yàn)榘屠璧姆ㄕZ她從未聽到。她餐桌上的禮儀學(xué)得很到家；沒一點(diǎn)食物會(huì)從她唇間掉下，她手指不會(huì)蘸到調(diào)味汁里面。她小心翼翼把食物送到嘴邊，決不讓一點(diǎn)一滴往她胸前掉——講究禮節(jié)與禮儀是她的愛好。她的亡嘴唇她總擦得很干凈，所以杯沿沒一點(diǎn)油膩的唇印，盡管已就著杯子喝了好幾次；進(jìn)食時(shí)她好一派得體的舉止。可以看出，她性格開朗興致高，既使人舒服，對(duì)人又親切友好；她盡力讓舉動(dòng)顯示高貴氣度，表明她是懂宮廷禮儀的人物——這—切表現(xiàn)使得她頗受尊敬。But,fortospekenofhirconscience,ShewassocharitableandsopitousShewoldewepe,ifthatshesaughamousKaughtinatrappe,ifitweredeedorbledde.Ofsmalehoundeshaddeshe,thatshefeddeWithrostedflessh,ormilkandwastel-breed.Butsooreweepsheifoonofhemweredeed,Orifmensmootitwithaerdesmerte;Andalwasconscience,andtendreherte.Fulsemylyhirwympulpynchedwas,Hirenosetretys,hireyengreyeasglas,Hirmouthfulsmal,andthertosofteandreed;Butsikerlyshehaddeafairforheed;Itwasalmoostaspannebrood,Itrowe;For,hardily,shewasnatundergrowe.Fulfetyswashircloke,asIwaswar;OfsmalcoralaboutehirarmshebarApeireofbedes,gaudedalwithgrene,Antheronhengabroochofgoldfulsheene,OnwhichtherwasfirstwriteacrownedA,AndafterAmorvincitomnia.要說到那種仁厚溫柔的感情，她是滿腔慈悲，一肚子好心腸；看到一只老鼠夾住在捕機(jī)上死去或流血，她就不禁要流淚，她養(yǎng)著幾條小狗，她給它們喂烤肉，或者喂牛奶和精白面包；只要這中間有一只竟然死掉或挨了棍子抽打，她準(zhǔn)會(huì)哭泣——她有滿腔的柔腸、仁愛的心地。她修女的頭巾折得恰到好處；鼻子勻稱，亮如玻璃的灰眼珠；她的嘴很小，長得又紅又嬌柔；說真的，她還有個(gè)白皙的額頭——我看這幾乎是一個(gè)手掌寬度，因?yàn)樗耆且粋€(gè)常人高度。我還注意到她的斗篷做得好。她臂上有一串珊瑚念珠環(huán)繞，中間隔著綠色的飾珠一顆顆，這串念珠上有個(gè)金胸針閃爍；這個(gè)胸針上有個(gè)Ａ字的大寫，下面是句拉丁語：愛戰(zhàn)勝一切。AnotherNONNEwithhirhaddeshe,Thatwashirechapeleyne,andpreestesthre.AMONKtherwas,afairforthemaistrie,Anoutridere,thatlovedevenerie,Amanlyman,tobeenanabbotable.Fulmanyadeynteehorshaddeheinstable,Andwhanherood,menmyghtehisbrydelheereGyngleninawhistlyngewyndalscleereAndeekasloude,asdooththechapelbelle.Therasthislordwaskeperofthecelle,ThereuleofSeintMaure,orofSeintBeneit,BycausethatitwasoldandsomdelstreitThisilkeMonkleetoldethyngespace,Andheeldaftertheneweworldthespace.Heyafnatofthattextapulledhen,Thatseiththathuntersbethnathoolymen,Nethatamonk,whanheisrecchelees,Isliknedtilafisshthatiswaterlees,Thisistoseyn,amonkoutofhiscloystreButthilketextheelhenatworthanoystre;AndIseydehisopiniounwasgood.另有一個(gè)女尼是她修道院中的副手，還有三個(gè)教士，都是和她一起的。此外有一個(gè)修道僧，身材魁梧，是鄉(xiāng)間一個(gè)善騎的人，最愛打獵，煞有丈夫氣概，當(dāng)?shù)闷鹨粋€(gè)僧院院長。馬廄中有的是血一般紅的馬匹，他乘騎時(shí)人們可以聽見他馬韁上的玲在呼嘯的風(fēng)中叮當(dāng)作響，那清晰嘹亮的聲響象他所當(dāng)著住持的教堂鐘聲一樣。為了圣摩爾或圣本納脫的教條已經(jīng)陳腐而且有些太嚴(yán)，這位修道僧寧可讓這類舊式老套消逝，他要追逐新異的事物。他對(duì)于書本上所說獵人是不圣潔的這句話，覺得絲毫不值得考慮，簡(jiǎn)直就像是一只拔光了毛的雞；或者說什么出了僧院的修道者好似一條出水之魚；這句話他也認(rèn)為不值得一個(gè)牡蠣。我說他這意見是有道理的；Whatsholdehestudie,andmakehymselvenwood,Uponabookincloystrealweytopoure,Orswynkenwithhishandesandlaboure,AsAustynbit?Howshaltheworldbeserved?LatAustynhavehisswynktohimreserved!Therforehewasaprikasouraright:Grehoundeshehadde,asswiftasfowelinflight;OfprikyngandofhuntyngforthehareWasalhislust,fornocostwoldehespare．IseighhisslevespurfiledatthehondWithgrys,andthatthefynesteofalond;And,fortofestnehishoodunderhischyn,Hehaddeofgoldywroghtacuriouspyn;Alove-knotteinthegretterendetherwas．Hisheedwasballed,thatshoonasanyglas,Andeekhisface,asithaddebeenenoynt．Hewasalordfulfatandingoodpoynt,Hiseeyenstepe,androllyngeinhisheed,Thatstemedasaforneysofaleed;Hisbootessouple,hishorsingreetestaat.何必在僧院里關(guān)緊著讀書，或是像圣奧司丁所教導(dǎo)的那樣要親手勞動(dòng)呢？圣奧司丁盡可自己做他的工。他卻只顧騎馬奔馳，緊跟著獵犬像飛鳥般迅速。他一切的娛樂都寄托在騎、獵兩件大事上，也不怕為此揮霍。我看他那衣袖口所鑲的細(xì)軟黑皮是國內(nèi)最講究的貨色，一顆金鑄的飾針扣住兜頸；寬的一端還有一個(gè)情人結(jié)。他的禿頭光亮如鏡；臉上也是一樣，似乎擦了油一般。他是一位肥胖而漂亮的人物。兩只眼睛在額上打轉(zhuǎn)，射出火光，像鍋爐一樣。鞋靴是細(xì)軟的，他的馬也有十足的傲態(tài)。Nowcerteinlyhewasafairprelaat;Hewasnatpaleasaforpynedgoost.Afatswanlovedhebestofanyroost.Hispalfreywasasbrounasisaberye,AFREREtherwas,awantowneandamerye,Alymytour,afulsolempneman.InalletheordresfoureisnoonthatkanSomuchelofdaliaunceandfairlangage.HehaddemaadfulmanyamariageOfyongewommenathisowenecost.Untohisordrehewasanoblepost,AndwelbilovedandfamulierwasheWithfrankeleynsoveralinhiscontree,Andeekwithworthywommenofthetoun;Forhehaddepowerofconfessioun,Asseydehymself,moorethanacurat,Forofhisordrehewaslicenciat.Fulswetelyherdeheconfessioun,Andplesauntwashisabsolucioun:Hewasanesymantoyevepenaunce,Therashewistetohaveagoodpitaunce.他的確是一位不平凡的僧侶。他絕不是一個(gè)蒼白的瘦鬼；一切肉食中他最愛的是紅燒肥天鵝。他身下所騎的馬顯出干果的棕褐色。有一個(gè)游乞僧，在他的限區(qū)以內(nèi)游乞，是一個(gè)放蕩不羈而自負(fù)的人。在四個(gè)教團(tuán)中只有他最能講得一套中聽的話。他曾自己花費(fèi)了錢為好幾個(gè)女子結(jié)配成婚；他是他所屬的教團(tuán)中的一根臺(tái)柱！在他的一鄉(xiāng)里他是小地主們面前最受喜愛、最熟悉的人，在城里有地位的婦女們中間他也是如此，因?yàn)檎账约核f，他當(dāng)一個(gè)懺悔師比任何牧師都有資格，原來他是得有羅馬主教特許的。他聽?wèi)曰跁r(shí)十分和藹，赦罪時(shí)也能使人愉悅；只消可能吃到一頓好飯，他就容易讓人悔改。ForuntoapovreordrefortoyiveIssignethatamaniswelyshryve;For,ifheyaf,hedorstemakeavaunt,Hewistethatamanwasrepentaunt;Formanyamansohardeisofhisherte,Hemaynatwepe,althoghhymsooresmerte;TherforeinstedeofwepyngeandpreyeresMenmooteyevesilvertothepovrefreres.HistypetwasayfarsedfulofknyvesAndpynnes,fortoyevenyongewyves.Andcerteinlyhehaddeamuryenote:Welkoudehesynge,andpleyenonarote;Ofyeddyngeshebaaroutrelythepris.Hisnekkewhitwasastheflour-de-lys;Thertohestrongwasasachampioun.HeknewthetaverneswelineverytounAndeverichhostilerandtappestereBetthanalazarorabeggestere;ForuntoswichaworthymanasheAcordednat,asbyhisfacultee,Tohavewithsikelazarsaqueyntaunce.他認(rèn)為誰能捐助一個(gè)窮困的教團(tuán)就表示他已安然得赦了；誰出了錢，誰就悔了罪。因?yàn)槎嗌偃诵哪c奇硬，雖吃盡了苦也哭不出來；所以人們不必哭泣禱告，只送銀子給窮僧就夠了。他的披肩夾袋里盛滿了刀針之類，可以做淑女賢妻的贈(zèng)品。他唱起來嗓子悅耳，并且是個(gè)提琴能手；竟唱歌曲時(shí)他一向取得頭獎(jiǎng)。他的頸項(xiàng)雪白，像鳶尾花一樣，可是身體堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，比得上一個(gè)拳擊冠軍。城里每家客店他都認(rèn)得，每一個(gè)客店老板，和酒吧姑娘都是他的熟人，可是癩瘋子和女乞丐一類人卻不在他的照顧之下。他的地位是何等重要，豈能同癲病患者來往；Itisnathoneste,itmaynatavaunce,Fortodeelenwithnoswichporaille,Butalwithricheandselleresofvitaille．Andoveral,therasprofitsholdearise,Curteishewas,andlowelyofservyse．Thernasnomannowhersovertuous．Hewasthebestebeggereinhishous;(AndyafacerteynfermeforthegrauntNoonofhisbrethrencamtherinhishaunt);Forthoghawydwehaddenoghtasho,Soplesauntwashis“Inprincipio”Yetwoldehehaveaferthyng,erhewente;Hispurchaswaswelbettrethanhisrente．Andragehekoude,asitwererightawhelp．Inlove-dayestherkoudehemuchelhelp,FortherehewasnatlykacloystererWithathredbarecope,asisapovrescoler,Buthewaslykamaisterorapope;Ofdoubleworstedewashissemycope,Thatroundedasabelleoutofthepresse．去同這般下賤的窮漢周旋，未免太不像話，太不值得了，只有富人和糧商才是有道理的。有利可圖的場(chǎng)合他才畢恭畢敬，奉承奔走。再找不出這樣能干的人了；在他的修道院中他是個(gè)頭號(hào)游乞僧，他每年付出一筆錢，以免旁人侵犯他在各路所獨(dú)占的權(quán)益。即使有個(gè)寡婦窮得拿不出一雙舊鞋，但他能引用《約翰福音》，使她聽得非常合胃口，結(jié)果在他離開之前還是拿到了他所要的錢幣。我相信，他行乞所得，還多于他產(chǎn)業(yè)上的收入！他跳來跳去，同一只小狗一般。在調(diào)停案件的裁判日，他是很能起作用的，因?yàn)樗⒉幌袷卦荷蚋F書生那樣披著襤褸的法衣，卻像一個(gè)大學(xué)生或紅衣主教。他的半邊法衣是用雙料毛絲布所制，從鼓起像一座鐘的衣柜內(nèi)取出。SomwhathelipsedforhiswantownesseTomakehisEnglisshsweeteuponhistonge;Andinhisharpyng,whanthathehaddesonge,HiseeyentwynkledinhisheedaryghtAsdoonthesterresinthefrostynyght．ThisworthylymytourwasclepedHuberd．

AMARCHANTwastherwithaforkedberd,Inmottelee,andhyeonhorsehesat;UponhisheedaFlaundrysshbeverhat,Hisbootesclaspedfaireandfetisly．Hisresonshespakfulsolempnely,Sownyngealwaysth’encreesofhiswynnyng．HewoldetheseewerekeptforanythyngBitwixeMiddelburghandOrewelle．Welkoudeheineschaungesheeldesselle．Thisworthymanfulwelhiswitbisette;Therwistenowightthathewasindette,SoestatlywasheofhisgovernaunceWithhisbargaynesandwithhischevyssaunce．Forsothe,hewasaworthymanwith-alle,But,soothtoseyn,Inoothowmenhymcalle．他講話時(shí)咬著嘴唇，發(fā)音含混，以為可以使他的英語說得好聽，他有時(shí)一面彈琴或唱歌，一面兩只眼睛在頭里閃耀，像霜夜的星兒一般。這位游乞僧名叫胡伯脫。還有一個(gè)商人，留的是八字胡須，穿的是花色衣服。高高騎在馬背上，頭戴一頂法蘭德斯的獺皮帽，一雙整潔的鞋子用華貴的扣子扣起。他夸大著自己的見解，為的是謀取利潤；他認(rèn)為世上最重要的事就是維持米德爾堡和奧威爾之間海上的安全，不使受海盜騷擾。他知道如何在交易場(chǎng)上賣金幣。他是一位精打細(xì)算的人；能講價(jià)，善借貸，誰也不知道他有債務(wù)在身。他確是一個(gè)人才，可惜，說句老實(shí)話，我不知道他的尊姓大名。ACLERKtherwasofOxenfordalso,Thatuntologykhaddelongeygo．Asleenewashishorsasisarake,Andhenasnatrightfat,Iundertake,Butlookedholweandthertosobrely．Fulthredbarewashisoverestecourtepy;Forhehaddegetenhymyetnobenefice,Newassoworldlyfortohaveoffice．ForhymwasleverehaveathisbeddesheedTwentybookes,cladinblakorreed,OfAristotleandhisphilosophie,Thanrobesriche,orfithele,orgaysautrie．Butalbethathewasaphilosophre,Yethaddehebutlitelgoldincofre;Butalthathemyghteofhisfreendeshente,Onbookesandonlernyngeheitspente,AndbisilyganforthesoulespreyeOfhemthatyafhymwherwithtoscoleye．Ofstudietookhemoostcureandmoostheede．有一個(gè)是牛津的學(xué)者，讀過很久的邏輯學(xué)。他的一匹馬瘦得像一把鐵耙，我看他自己也不算胖，兩頰下凹，面容沉默穩(wěn)重。他的一件小外衣已破綻脫線，原來他不懂世務(wù)，一直沒有領(lǐng)得俸祿。他寧可在床頭堆起二十卷亞里斯多德的哲理書，紅的、黑的裝訂，卻不講究穿著，不拉提琴，也不好彈弦樂。他雖是一個(gè)哲學(xué)家，但錢匣里找不出金子來！他的朋友所給他的錢都用到書本和學(xué)問上去了，為了那些幫他求學(xué)的人們靈魂得救，他不斷地祈禱。讀書是他唯一的念頭。Noghtowordspakhemoorethanwasneede,Andthatwasseydinformeandreverence,Andshortandquyk,andfulofhysentence;Sownyngeinmoralvertuwashisspeche,Andgladlywoldehelerne,andgladlyteche．ASERGEANTOFTHELAWE,warandwys,ThatoftenhaddebeenattheParvys,Therwasalso,fulricheofexcellence．Discreethewas,andofgreetreverence-Hesemedswich,hisewordeswerensowise．Justicehewasfulofteninassise,Bypatente,andbypleyncommissioun．Forhisscience,andforhisheighrenoun,Offeesandrobeshaddehemanyoon．Sogreetapurchasourwasnowhernoon:Alwasfeesympletohymineffect,Hispurchasyngmyghtenatbeeninfect．Nowhersobisyamanashethernas,Andyethesemedbisierthanhewas．不需要講的話他一字也不講，要講的時(shí)候他也是循規(guī)蹈矩的，話語短促，而含意淵深。他的一言一語，離不了道德文章。在一切之上，他所喜愛的就是學(xué)與教。有一位律師，是一個(gè)杰出的人物，審慎、聰明，常常參加法學(xué)的討論。他很賢明，能取得人人的推崇；——至少從表面上看來，他是這樣一個(gè)人，因?yàn)樗恼勍律肥蔷佟Ｋ?dāng)過巡回法庭的審判官，受到皇家的委任，特準(zhǔn)裁判所有性質(zhì)不同的案件；由于他的學(xué)識(shí)和名望，他領(lǐng)受過許多酬金和贈(zèng)予的衣物。他的才能高超，一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)任憑它附有何種條件，他總能使它取得絕對(duì)權(quán)益，他的契據(jù)上誰也找不出任何差錯(cuò)。再也沒有比他還忙碌的人，而近來他越發(fā)忙了。IntermeshaddehecaasanddoomesalleThatfromthetymeofKyngWilliamwerefalle．Thertohekoudeenditeandmakeathyng,Therkoudenowightpyncheathiswrityng;Andeverystatutkoudehepleynbyrote．HeroodbuthoomlyinamedleecoteGirtwithaceintofsilk,withbarressmale;OfhisarraytelleInolengertale．

AFRANKELEYNwasinhiscompaignye．Whitwashisberdasisadayesye;Ofhiscomplexiounhewassangwyn．Wellovedhebythemorweasopeinwyn,Tolyvenindelitwaseverehiswone,ForhewasEpicurusowenesone,ThatheeldopiniounthatpleyndelitWasverrayfeliciteeparfit．Anhousholdere,andthatagreet,washe;SeintJulianwasheinhiscontree．Hisbreed,hisale,wasalweysafteroon,Abettreenvynedmanwasnowhernoon.Withoutebakemetewasneverehishous自從威廉一世以來，每一件法案判例他都記得清楚，每一條法令，他也能逐字背得出，他所寫下的字據(jù)，誰也無法提出責(zé)難。他乘騎出行，裝束平凡，衣服的布料是雜色的，腰圍一根絲帶，上有金質(zhì)小扣。至于他的外表我就不加細(xì)述了。同他一起旅行的是一個(gè)自由農(nóng)，胡子泛白，像雛菊一樣，臉色是紅的，為人是熱情的。他早餐時(shí)最愛吃酒泡面包。他一生尋樂，因?yàn)樗且帘邙F魯?shù)男磐剑J(rèn)為只有快樂中才有幸福。他的家總是公開的，在鄉(xiāng)間他簡(jiǎn)直是個(gè)款待賓客的圣徒，像圣求列恩一樣。他的面包和酒都是最上等的；誰也沒有他藏酒豐富。。Offisshandflessh,andthatsoplentevous,Itsnewedinhishousofmeteanddrynke,Ofalledeynteesthatmenkoudethynke．Afterthesondrysesonsoftheyeer,Sochaungedhehismeteandhissoper．Fulmanyafatpartrichhaddeheinmuwe,Andmanyabreemandmanyaluceinstuwe．Wowashiscook,butifhissaucewerePoynauntandsharp,andredyalhisgeere．HistabledormantinhishallealwayStoodredycoveredalthelongeday．Atsessiounstherwashelordandsire;Fuloftetymehewasknyghtoftheshire．AnanlaasandagipseralofsilkHeengathisgirdel,whitasmornemilk．Ashirrevehaddehebeen,andacountour．Wasnowherswichaworthyvavasour．家中進(jìn)餐時(shí)總有大盤的魚面糊；酒肴在他家里像雪一樣紛飛，凡是人所能想到的美味他都吃盡了。他的飲食跟著時(shí)季變換。他在籠里喂了許多肥鷓鴣，魚塘里養(yǎng)了很多鯛鱸之類。他的廚師如果燒出的湯不夠辛辣，不夠濃烈，或是器皿不整齊，這個(gè)廚師就倒了霉！他廳堂里的大餐桌是整天鋪陳好的。裁判官員們?cè)趯彴笗?huì)齊的時(shí)候，就是他主持著會(huì)議，十分威儀，他多次代表他的一州當(dāng)過議員。他腰帶邊掛下一把短刀，一個(gè)綢囊，白得像清晨的牛奶一樣。他當(dāng)過州官和辯護(hù)律師；哪里也找不出這樣一個(gè)漂亮的小地主。AnHABERDASSHEREandaCARPENTER,AWEBBE,aDYERE,andaTAPYCER,－AndtheywereclothedalleinolyvereeOfasolempneandagreetfraternitee．Fulfresshandnewehirgeereapikedwas;Hirknyveswerechapednoghtwithbras,Butalwithsilver;wroghtfulcleneandweel,Hiregirdlesandhirpoucheseverydeel．WelsemedechofhemafairburgeysTositteninayeldehalleonadeys．Everich,forthewisdomthathekan,Wasshaplyfortobeenanalderman．ForcatelhaddetheyynoghandrenteAndeekhirwyveswoldeitwelassente;Andellescerteyn,weretheytoblame．Itisfulfairtobeenycleped“madame,”Andgoontovigiliesalbifore,Andhaveamantelroiallicheybore.另外有帽商，木匠，織工，染工和家具商，都同我們一起，穿的是同樣的服裝，屬于同一個(gè)聲名赫赫的互助協(xié)會(huì)。他們的佩飾都很鮮明。他們所帶的刀并非銅制，而是細(xì)刻的銀質(zhì)，腰帶、掛袋莫不整潔精巧。每一個(gè)人看來都配做個(gè)好市民，可以在議事廳上坐居高位。每一個(gè)都是能干的人，不愧當(dāng)個(gè)互助協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長。財(cái)物收入既然豐裕，我想他們的妻子們也一定會(huì)贊同的！除非他們有所查缺；否則，那應(yīng)是一樁稱心的事，被人稱為夫人，齋戒祈禱的日子好走在旁人前面，還有一件外套顯耀地被人抬著做前導(dǎo)。ACOOKtheyhaddewithhemforthenonesToboillethechikneswiththemarybones,Andpoudre-marchanttart,andgalyngale．WelkoudeheknoweadraughteofLondonale．Hekouderooste,andsethe,andbroille,andfrye,Makenmortreux,andwelbakeapye．Butgreetharmwasit,asitthoughteme,Thatonhisshyneamormalhaddehe．Forblankmanger,thatmadehewiththebeste.

ASHIPMANwasther,wonyngeferbyweste;ForaughtIwoot,hewasofDertemouthe．Herooduponarouncy,ashekouthe,Inagowneoffaldyngtotheknee．AdaggerehangyngeonalaashaddeheAboutehisnekke,underhisarmadoun．Thehootesomerhaddemaadhishewealbroun,Andcerteinlyhewasagoodfelawe．FulmanyadraughteofwynhadheydraweFroBurdeux-ward,whilthatthechapmansleep.Ofnyceconsciencetookhenokeep.他們帶著一個(gè)廚師同路，為他們燒雞和髓骨，酸粉饅頭，和莎草根。他對(duì)于倫敦酒最內(nèi)行！他能煨、煎、焙、燉，能做精美的羹，又善于烤餅?？上У氖?，我想，他小腿嫣上生了一顆大瘡；——不過，他的碎燒閹雞實(shí)在是數(shù)一數(shù)二的。還有一個(gè)船手，遠(yuǎn)自西方而來；據(jù)我所知，他是達(dá)得茂斯的人。勉強(qiáng)騎著一匹小馬，一件粗毛長袍罩過膝部。他的一把刀掛在圍頸的線帶上，拖到腋下。炎夏把他的皮膚曬成棕色，老實(shí)說，他倒是一個(gè)“好手”：在法國波爾多，趁著商人們睡著的時(shí)候，他很喝到過幾口酒。他顧不著什么好心眼兒；Ifthathefaught,andhaddethehyerhond,Bywaterhesentehemhoomtoeverylond．Butofhiscraft,toreke