第二部分專題三形容詞和副詞1．形容詞的用法

[其他市、州：方框選詞：2023.33]

形容詞用于修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、屬性或特征?；居梅ㄈ缦拢汉诵目键c精講練命題點1形容詞和形容詞短語

功能位置例句作定語放在名詞前Thisisaninterestingbook.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時，通常后置Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.功能位置例句作表語放在系動詞后，系動詞主要有be動詞、三變化(turn，get，become)、感官動詞以及stay，go，seem等Thisbookisinteresting.Leavesturnyellowinautumn.Youlookveryhappy.Lucyalwaysstayspositive.作賓語補(bǔ)足語常置于keep，make，leave等動詞之后，說明賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句，可位于句首、句末或句中。Hearrivedhome，hungryandtired.【拓展】(1)形容詞alive，alone，afraid，awake，asleep，well(健康的)等只能作表語。如：Don'tbeafraid!(2)有些形容詞位于定冠詞the之后。泛指一類人，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)(如：be用are/were)。這類詞有：young/old，rich/poor，healthy/ill，living/dead等。如：Thewisearealwayslistening，notspeaking.2．v.-ing形容詞與v.-ed形容詞的區(qū)別[講解詳見本書第一部分P74]?考向1形容詞詞義辨析

分析近2年真題可知，形容詞詞義辨析均為語境辨析，主要在完形填空中考查。對于語境辨析類試題，考生首先要掌握各個選項的意思，再根據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系來確定正確答案。?考向2形容詞短語辨析(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeworriedabout對……擔(dān)憂becrazyabout對……著迷becuriousabout對……好奇beexcitedabout對……感到興奮besorryabout對……感到/抱歉/遺憾/難過besureabout確信；對……有把握=(2)be＋adj.＋atbegoodat擅長……besurprisedat對……感到驚奇beangryat對……生氣(對事)beamazedat對……感到驚訝beannoyed/madat對……惱怒(3)be＋adj.＋ofbeafraidof害怕……befullof充滿……beproudof為……感到自豪besureof對……有把握betiredof對……感到厭倦befondof喜歡……(4)be＋adj.＋frombedifferentfrom與……不同beabsentfrom缺席……befreefrom沒有……，免受……(5)be＋adj.＋forbefamous/known/well--knownfor因……而著名belatefor遲到bethirstyfor渴望……begoodfor對……有好處be/getreadyfor為……做好準(zhǔn)備besuitablefor適合……(6)be＋adj.＋inbeinterestedin對……感興趣beweakin在……方面薄弱berichin富于，盛產(chǎn)besuccessfulin在……方面成功betalentedin在……方面有天賦(7)be＋adj.＋withbeangrywith生……的氣(對人)bebornwith天生具有bebusywith忙于becarefulwith小心befamiliarwith熟悉bestrictwith對……嚴(yán)格bepopularwith受……歡迎bepatientwith對……有耐心besatisfied/pleasedwith對……感到滿意begoodwith善于應(yīng)付……的；和……相處得好(8)be＋adj.＋tobeharmfulto對……有害besimilarto與……相似becloseto接近befriendly/good/nice/kindto對……友好bepoliteto對……有禮貌bethankfulto對……心懷感激berudeto對……粗魯Ⅰ.翻譯句子1．[2024銅仁碧江區(qū)三模]一個人應(yīng)該嚴(yán)于律己，寬以待人。Apersonshouldbe________

______himselfbutkindtoothers.2．[2023貴州一模]春天是充滿生機(jī)和希望的季節(jié)。Springisaseason_______

_____________lifeandhope.3．最近，一些青少年表示他們渴望快樂。Thesedays，someteenagerssaytheyare_________

_____happiness.針對練習(xí)

strictwith

fulloffilledwiththirstyfor

4．多喝水對你的健康有好處。Drinkingmorewateris______

_____yourhealth.5．跟外國朋友交流時，一定要小心肢體語言。Youmustbe_________

______bodylanguagewhenyoucommunicatewithforeignfriends.6．不要害怕犯錯，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會真正學(xué)會一門新的語言。Don'tbe________

____makingmistakes，oryou'llneverreallylearnanewlanguage.goodfor

careful

withafraidof7．你要對和你意見不同的人有耐心。Youshouldbe_________

______thepeoplewhodisagreewithyou.8．一旦作出承諾，你就必須認(rèn)真對待它們。Onceyoumakepromises，youhavetobe_________

_______them.9．你的想法和別人的不一樣，這很正常。It'sverynormalthatyourideais___________

______others'.10．我總是很幸運(yùn)能從朋友那里得到很多幫助。I'malways________

_______togetalotofhelpfrommyfriends.patientwithseriousaboutdifferentfromso/verylucky11．無論時光如何變遷，中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化值得分享。Nomatterhowtimechanges，theexcellenttraditionalChinesecultureis_______

_________.12．我們現(xiàn)在沒有多少作業(yè)，而且我們的書包也沒有過去那么重了。Wedon'thavemuchhomeworknowandourschoolbagsarenot__

_______astheyusedtobe.13．我們應(yīng)該使用一些對環(huán)境友好的產(chǎn)品。Weshouldusesomeproductsthatare__________

____theenvironment.worthsharingsoheavyfriendlyto14．易老師是一位好老師，她總是樂于幫助有困難的學(xué)生。MissYiisagreatteacherandsheisalways____________

____helpstudentsintrouble.15．每個人在某些方面都有天賦，我們應(yīng)該盡力去發(fā)掘它。Everyoneis______________

___somethingandweshouldtryourbesttodiscoverit.ready/pleaseto

talented/giftedin

Ⅱ.完形填空[2024甘肅蘭州改編]PengJingxuan，agirlfromHunan，16playingtheguzhengneartheEiffelTowerin2018.The

17melodies(旋律)fromherguzhenggottonsofattentionfromlisteners.(

)16.A.wasbornwithB．wasfamousfor C．wasgoodat(

)17.A.different B．strange C．beautifulBCShehasbeenplayingtheguzhengsinceshewas7yearsold.Shelovesplayingtheguzheng，a(n)

18musicalinstrumentthatdatesbackmorethan2，500years.ShewenttoFranceforfurtherstudytheyearbefore2018andfoundthatstreetperformancesinPariswerevery

19

.Shetriedplayingtheguzhengonthestreetsandreceiveda

20welcome.(

)18.A.common B．colorful C．a(chǎn)ncient(

)19.A.popular B．boring C．useful(

)20.A.hard B．warm C．DeepCAB“IwanttotelltheChinesestorieswellinmyownway，”PengJingxuansaid.“Iplayedmany

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piecesonthestreets.ThemoreIplayed，the

22

Ifelt.”(

)21.A.wonderful B．peaceful C．successful(

)22.A.easier B．younger C．ProuderACShecarefullypickedmusic，including

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guzhengpiecesandpopsongswithChineseelements.“Mydreamistomakemorepeoplebe

24

intheguzheng，”shesaid.“Also，therearelotsof

25

artistsspreadingtraditionalChineseculturearoundtheworld.”(

)23.A.exciting B．traditional C．surprising(

)24.A.interested B．strict C．poor(

)25.A.excellent B．patient C．FriendlyBAA1．副詞的基本用法命題點2副詞的基本用法及辨析[其他市、州：完形填空：2023.42]功能位置例句作狀語多數(shù)副詞放在動詞之后It'srainingheavilynow.②動詞若帶賓語，則放在賓語之后Thegirllistenstotheteachercarefully.③頻度副詞通常放在行為動詞之前，情態(tài)動詞、助動詞和be動詞之后Wecanoftenseethegirlreadhere.④程度副詞修飾形容詞或副詞，一般放在被修飾詞前I'malmostready.功能位置例句作表語主要限于少數(shù)狀態(tài)或位置副詞、時間副詞以及其他副詞Whenwillyoubeback？作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后Lifehereisfullofjoy.作補(bǔ)足語可作主語補(bǔ)足語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明主語和賓語所處的位置、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等Heistooyoungtoleavehimathomealone.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)2.常見副詞的位置及分類類型典型詞匯用法頻度副詞always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，hardly，never等置于行為動詞之前或be動詞、助動詞及情態(tài)動詞之后，表示動作發(fā)生的頻率方式副詞quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，luckily，badly，easily，fast等置于不及物動詞之后或及物動詞之前，表示動作的行為方式類型典型詞匯用法程度副詞heavily，quite，enough，almost，hardly，rather，alot，alittle，so，too，much等置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞前，表示動詞、形容詞或另一個副詞的強(qiáng)度或程度時間副詞now，then，today，tomorrow，yesterday，before，ago，just，soon，lately，ever，already，yet等一般置于句尾，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，是確定句子時態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志地點副詞outside，inside，upstairs，here，there，home，near，away，in，back，off，up，anywhere等一般置于句尾，表示動作發(fā)生的地點或位置關(guān)系【注意】enough修飾形容詞或副詞時需后置。如：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(修飾形容詞)SaraspeaksEnglishwellenoughtocommunicatewithaBritish.(修飾副詞)類型典型詞匯用法疑問副詞(詞組)when，where，why，how，howlong，howsoon，howoften，howfar等置于特殊疑問句或賓語從句的句首，用于構(gòu)成特殊疑問句3．其他?？几痹~anyway無論如何abroad在國外alone獨(dú)自also并且；也besides此外especially尤其；特別finally最后；最終however然而；不過instead代替；反而once一次；曾經(jīng)perhaps可能；大概probably大概【拓展】(1)有些以-ly結(jié)尾的單詞是形容詞，如：friendly，lonely，lovely，lively，ugly等(2)同形形容詞和副詞①詞義相近的同形形容詞和副詞形容詞副詞Wehadanearlybreakfast.(早的)Wehadbreakfastearly．(早地)Wewentbyafasttrain.(快的)Don'tspeaksofast．(快地)②詞義不同的同形形容詞和副詞形容詞副詞Iwantastraightanswer.(坦誠的)HewentstraighttoBijie.(直接地)Idon'tfeelwelltoday.(健康的)Ourplansgowell．(順利地)Itisashardasastone.(堅硬的)Thetestissohard．(困難的)Shestudieshard．(努力地)Heholdsthepaperhard．(用力地)(3)有些詞雖然既可作形容詞也可作副詞，但加了-ly之后意義相差很大，如：4．副詞詞義辨析[其他市、州：完形填空：2023.42]

分析貴州近2年真題，副詞詞義辨析主要在完形填空中考查，且主要考查的是-ly副詞詞義辨析，偶爾涉及頻度副詞詞義辨析。Ⅰ.方框選詞針對練習(xí)A．somewhereB.everywhereC．eitherD．easilyE．seldomF．neverG．quiteH．a(chǎn)lmostI．oftenJ．sometimesK．correctly26．[2024四川樂山改編]WeChineseoftenshakehandswhenwemeetvisitors，and____wenodourheads.27．[2024黑龍江牡丹江改編]Nowyoudon'tneedtowaitinlinetobuytickets.Youcansimplybookthemonline.It's____convenient.JG28．Jerry____helpshisparentscookdinner，cleanthehouseandtakeouttherubbish.Whatahelpfulboyheis!29．Mypetdogwaslost.Ilookedforit____，butIcouldn'tfindit.30．Tommylivesfarawayfromhisschool.Butheis____lateforschool.31．Tooursurprise，the4-year-oldgirlcanspellallthosewords____.32．Myfamily____eatoutandwecookathomemostofthetime.A．somewhereB．everywhereC．eitherD．easilyE．seldomF．neverG．quiteH．a(chǎn)lmostI．oftenJ．sometimesK．correctly

IBFK

E33．I'msureI'veseenher____，butIcan'tremembertherightplace.34．IfTomdoesn'tgotothepartythisSaturday，Iwon't，____.35．Ican____

recognizeheralthoughwehaven'tseeneachotherforalongtime.A．somewhereB．everywhereC．eitherD．easilyE．seldomF．neverG．quiteH．a(chǎn)lmostI．oftenJ．sometimesK．correctlyACDⅡ.完形填空微語篇Duringthepastsummervacation，a15-year-oldboycaughtpeople'seyes.Hemadeamodelplane

36

onhisowninlessthanamonth.TheboynamedLiBanghuaisfromHefei，AnhuiProvince.Hemadetheplane

37

byhimself.Accordingtoalocalreport，Lijustfinishedhishighschoolentranceexamlastyear

38.Aftertheexam，hethrewhimselfintotheworkofmakingthemodelplane.(

)36.A.strongly B．successfully C．suddenly(

)37.A.totally B．partly C．normally(

)38.A.slowly B．secretly C．perfectlyBACLihasbeeninterestedinmodelplanessincehewasachild.Hehas

39

beenstudyinghowtobuildmodelplanesforyears.Hecameacrossmanyfailuresinbuildingmodelplanes.Buthedecidedtokeeponworkingmore

40

andharderandnevergiveup.Whentalkingabouthisfuture，hesaidhe

41

dreamedofbecomingaplaneengineer.Inordertorealizehisdream，hewillcontinuestudyinghard.(

)39.A.seldom B．either C．a(chǎn)lready(

)40.A.carefully B．highly C．kindly(

)41.A.sadly B．truly C．naturallyCAB1．形容詞、副詞比較等級的變化規(guī)則(1)規(guī)則變化命題點3形容詞和副詞的比較等級[其他市、州：翻譯句子：2024.68]類別構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞直接加-er，-estyoungyoungeryoungest以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的加-r，-stlargelargerlargest類別構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞以單個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er或-estbigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbiggestfattesthottest以“輔音字母加y”結(jié)尾，先變y為i，再加-er，-esthappyeasyhealthyhappiereasierhealthierhappiesteasiesthealthiest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more，mostcarefulclevermorecarefulmoreclevermostcarefulmostclever(2)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.形容詞、副詞比較等級的用法(1)原級的用法用法例句說明人或事物自身的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)時用原級Theflowersinthegardenarebeautiful.被程度副詞very，so，too，enough，quite等修飾時用原級She'sverynicewhenyougettoknowher.as＋原級＋asJackisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.not＋as/so＋原級＋asThisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn'twalkas/soslowlyasyou.(2)比較級的用法用法例句“比較級＋than”，表示“比”MybrotherBobismorehard--workingthanme.“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”，表示“越……，越……”Themorefruityoueat，thehealthieryouwillbe.“比較級＋and＋比較級”，表示“越來越……”O(jiān)urcityisbecomingcleanerandcleaner.“the＋比較級＋ofthetwo…”，表示“兩者中比較……的一個”Heisthemoreactiveofthetwoboys.用法例句“Which/Whois/謂語動詞＋比較級，AorB？”，表示“兩者相比較，哪個/誰更……？”Whichisnearertothesun，themoonortheearth？“比較級＋thananyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”

＝“比較級＋thantheother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，表示“比任何一個人/物都……”(比較級形式表最高級含義)LiGangistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.＝LiGangistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.“A＋be/謂語動詞＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B”，表示“A幾倍于B”Myapplesarethreetimesmorethanyours.根據(jù)語境判斷比較級Thispairofshoesistoobigforme，soIwanttochangeforasmallerone.【拓展】比較級前一般可用much，alittle，alot，even，still，far，abit等詞來修飾。如：Itismuchwarmerthanyesterday.(3)最高級的用法[其他市、州：翻譯句子：2024.68]用法例句“the＋最高級＋of/in＋比較范圍”，表示“……是……中最……”(三者或三者以上的)Thispictureisthebestofallinthebox.“oneofthe＋最高級＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋比較范圍”，表示“……中最……之一”QipaoisoneofthemosttraditionaldressesinChina.用法例句“the＋序數(shù)詞＋形容詞最高級＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋比較范圍”，表示“A是……中第幾最……”Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.“Which/Who＋be＋the＋最高級，A，BorC？”，表示“三者比較，哪個/誰最……？”Whoisthetallestinyourclass，Tom，KateorBill？否定詞＋比較級(＋than)或can't/couldn't＋比較級(否定詞有not，no，never，nothing等)Nobodycoulddotheworkbetterthanhedid.根據(jù)語境判斷最高級Therearefourseasonsinayear.Theautumnisthebestone.【注意】①

形容詞最高級前要加the，但當(dāng)形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等時，不加the。②

副詞最高級前的the可省略。Ⅰ.用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空42．[2024江蘇揚(yáng)州]ThoughIfailedalot

(many)timesthanIsucceeded，Iknowhowtofailwell.43．[2024內(nèi)蒙古包頭]WhenHelenwonaprizeintheEnglishcompetition，shebelievedshewasthe__________(happy)girlintheworld.針對練習(xí)morehappiest44．[2024內(nèi)蒙古包頭]Comparedwiththepast，thecommunitycanteens(食堂)areprovidingpeople，bothyoungandold，with_________(healthy)andcheaperdishesnow.45．[2024甘肅臨夏]QinghaiLakeis_______(large)thananyothersaltlakeinChina.46．Hainanisthesecond________(big)islandinChina.ItisinthesouthofChina.47．[2024四川遂寧改編]QiJiguangisoneofthe________(great)nationalheroesinChina.Wewillrememberhimforever.

healthierlarger

biggestgreatest48．Withtheteacher'shelp，thatlittlegirlworkedoutthemathsproblemas_________(quick)asherdeskmatedid.49．Mikeworksreallyhard.Healwaysarrivesatschool________(early)inhisclass.50．Qinghai-XizangRailwayisthe_________(high)railwayabovesealevelintheworld.51．Thefarmersinourcountryaremuch________(rich)thanbefore.Manyfamilieshavenewhousesandcars.quicklyearliesthighest

richerⅡ.翻譯句子52．[2024貴陽觀山湖區(qū)二模]真正的好朋友總是能夠幫助我們展現(xiàn)出最好的一面。Truefriendscanalwayshelptobringout_____

______inus.53．[2024黔東南州二模]為了進(jìn)入夢想的高中，他學(xué)習(xí)比過去更努力了。Togetintohisdreamhighschool，he_________

________thanheusedto.54．[2024江蘇無錫改編]要更加小心！失之毫厘，差之千里。Be______

_________!Amissisasgoodasamile.the

beststudieshardermorecareful55．[2024甘肅臨夏]越努力，越幸運(yùn)！Theharderyouwork，_____

_________youwillbe!56．電動汽車正在變得更受歡迎，因為它們很環(huán)保。Electriccarsarebecoming_____

becausetheyareenvironmentallyfriendly.57．長城是世界上最長的城墻。TheGreatWallis_____

_________wallintheworld.58．看一本好書如同進(jìn)行一場旅行一樣令人心曠神怡。Readingagoodbookisjust____

___________asgoingonajourney.the

luckiermorepopular

thelongestasenjoyable59．如今，人工智能技術(shù)的發(fā)展速度比我們想象的要快得多。TodayAItechnologyisdeveloping______

________thanwecanimagine.60．在所有的外語中，英語是使用最廣泛的語言。Ofa