12022年逐詞逐句精講冊(cè)植物意識(shí)與智慧①Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s.consciousness【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】['kpn??sn?s]n.意識(shí) ②Theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbecomparedtointelligenceinanimals.【詞匯注釋】neurobiology[injuoraubai'plad?i]n.神經(jīng)生物學(xué)behaviorintelligence主句：主句：Theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotion主語Theterm的同位語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語狀語thenotion的同位語從句thatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbecomparedtointelligenceinanimals.引導(dǎo)詞主語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語狀語【全句譯文】“植物神經(jīng)生物學(xué)”這一術(shù)語就是圍繞“植物行為在某些方面(的智慧)堪比動(dòng)物智力”這一觀念創(chuàng)造的。③Thoughplantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirtriggeredresponsesthathintedatconsciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.【詞匯注釋】electrical[r'lektrikl]a.以電流形式的；帶電的2主句：thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponses讓步狀語從句responses的定語從句Thoughplantslackbrainsthathintedatconsciousness,引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語引導(dǎo)詞謂語賓語researcherspreviously插入語reported連詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語狀語so-calledevidenceofplants'intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.differfromsth不同于….differfromsth不同于…..;與….有區(qū)別主語系動(dòng)詞表語插入語theauthorswrote.分句2:butitdifferssogreatlyfromthatofanimals連詞主語謂語+程度狀語賓語結(jié)果狀語從句thatso-calledevidenceofplants'intelligenceisinconclusive引導(dǎo)詞主語evidence的后置定語系動(dòng)詞表語所謂能夠證明植物智力的證據(jù)并沒有說服力。withhormonesandneurotransmitters,forming“aplantnervoussystem,analogoustothatinanimals,”saidleadstu3interactwithsth與某物相互作用neurotransmitter['njuoroutranzmita(r)]n.神狀語賓語的定語從句引導(dǎo)詞謂語賓語后置定語結(jié)果狀語forming“aplantnervoussystem,thatplantspossess引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz.analogoustothatinanimals,”主句：【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主句：“Theyevenclaimedclaimed的主語謂語賓語從句①Thisperspectivemakessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,reducingittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.reduce...to..將……簡(jiǎn)化為……ifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,reducingittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語伴隨狀語條件狀語從句分句1:Thisperspectivemakessense主語謂語分句2:cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.主語cells的后置定語謂語方式狀語4【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】However,the狀語1主語詞表語狀語2which1Smorethan“amassofwhich1Smorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyele引導(dǎo)詞系動(dòng)詞表語a..cells的定語從句(引導(dǎo)詞+謂語+狀語)引述分句【全句譯文】但是，植物體內(nèi)的信號(hào)傳遞與動(dòng)物復(fù)雜的大腦的信號(hào)傳遞只是表面上相似，動(dòng)物大腦①“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathresholdlevelofcomplexityandcapacityis【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathresholdlevellofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,”目的狀語主語abrain的后置定語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語引述分句headded.②“Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,thechancesthattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”【詞匯注釋】原因狀"Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussy語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語主句：thechances原因狀"Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussy語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語thattheyhaveConsciousness引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語5Andwhat'ssogreataboutcon連詞主語+系動(dòng)詞表語方面狀語狀語【全句譯文】那么,意識(shí)究竟有什么了不起的呢?threatandcanfeelpainwouldbeaverypoorevolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】分句2:soinvestingenergyinabodysystem連詞主語whichrecognizesathreatandcanfeelpainwouldbe系動(dòng)詞表語SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAText1當(dāng)塑料彌足珍貴之時(shí)①Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretood【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】plasticsaretoodurable.主語系動(dòng)詞表語that引導(dǎo)詞plasticsaretoodurable.主語系動(dòng)詞表語that引導(dǎo)詞②Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,frombreakdown分解6fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,插入語主句：Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet主語謂語賓語原因狀語從句becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdown引導(dǎo)詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語連詞謂語easily.狀語【全句譯文】從珠穆朗瑪峰到馬里亞納海溝，整個(gè)地球被水瓶、購物袋以及其他廢棄物弄得亂七八糟，這正是因?yàn)樗芰蠠o處不在且不易分解。Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeove連詞主語謂語狀語【全句譯文】但有些塑料材料會(huì)隨時(shí)間推移逐漸發(fā)生變化?！驹~匯注釋】主語謂語1連詞謂語2They“weep”outadditives.主語謂語賓語meltinto逐漸變成；融合sludge[sI?d?]n.爛泥狀沉積物【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語謂語賓語狀語⑧Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earl【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主干：Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskis主語的同位語①Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,until【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】becausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,引導(dǎo)詞主語主語的后置定語狀語+謂語賓語間接引語的原因狀語從句主語系動(dòng)詞表語引述分句apolymerchemist的定語從句插入語引導(dǎo)詞謂語時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語78②“It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,”s主語+系動(dòng)詞表語itgoeswrong,主語系動(dòng)詞表語直接引語的分句2的條件狀語從句exactamounts引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語引述分句shesays主語謂語③“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”主句：isalreadyatimebomb.”(that)youmakeAndsometimes.jt'snottheartist'sfault.②Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces. Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces9【全句譯文】20世紀(jì)60年代，意大利藝術(shù)家皮耶羅·吉拉爾迪開始創(chuàng)作了數(shù)百件鮮艷奪目、五彩繽紛的泡沫藝術(shù)品。③Thosepiecesincludedsmal【詞匯注釋】主語謂語賓語【全句譯文】那些藝術(shù)品包括小型玫瑰花圃和其他物品，以及幾十塊“自然之毯”——飾以泡沫南【詞匯注釋】主句：【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主句：Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundllonthecarpets-主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語非限制性定語從句whichmeantmeant的賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞謂語polyurethane超[ppli'juor?θein]n.聚氨酯物理變化的主句：Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamisinherentlyunstable.狀語主語系動(dòng)詞表語(引導(dǎo)詞)主語謂語【全句譯文】令人遺憾的是，他所用的聚氨酯泡沫本質(zhì)上容易發(fā)生化學(xué)或物理變化。②It'sespeciallyvulnerab【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】分句1:It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,主語+系動(dòng)詞表語狀語分句2:andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling連詞時(shí)間狀語主語謂語【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語謂語賓語狀語連詞主語謂語目的狀語【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語謂語賓語方式狀語③VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”bedamageandrebuildwornpolymerfib主句：VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語becausetheirgoalwas引導(dǎo)詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語protectivecases。主句：Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,引導(dǎo)詞主語狀語1+系動(dòng)詞表語狀語2Despitesuccessstories||likeVanOosten's,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder讓步狀語主語狀語+系動(dòng)詞表語③Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】②JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.(【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】中心詞后置定語1后置定語2主語的同位語主句：notes引導(dǎo)詞主語狀語謂語賓語時(shí)間狀語主語thatarchaeologists學(xué)家當(dāng)初便是在博物館中考察了人工制品之后，首次界定了鐵器時(shí)代等。③Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen.”【詞匯注釋】分句1/間接引語：Wenowlive主語時(shí)間狀語1謂語whatwedecidetocollecttoday,howinthefuture引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)間狀語主語從句1on的賓語從句preserve賓語引述分句shesaysinanageofplastic,時(shí)間狀語2we'llbeseen.”whatwe引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語toText2大學(xué)學(xué)位不能定義Z世代AsAsthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.weighup認(rèn)真考慮；權(quán)衡；斟酌pentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語1賓語1連詞謂語2賓語2andwhatGenerationZneedtoconsider連詞引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語時(shí)間狀語從句2①M(fèi)illennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】if地點(diǎn)狀語謂語2賓語主句：weretoldthatyou便可衣食無憂。②Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Butthatpromisehasbeen連詞主語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語主語補(bǔ)足語【全句譯文】但結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)這一承諾未能兌現(xiàn)?！窘Y(jié)構(gòu)切分】becameuniversal表語Asbecameuniversal表語主語系動(dòng)詞表語引導(dǎo)詞主語【全句譯文】隨著大學(xué)學(xué)位的普及，其價(jià)值不免降低?！窘Y(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語系動(dòng)詞狀語表語ofsocialmobility.【全句譯文】教育不再是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)階層流動(dòng)的可靠途徑。⑤Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichis【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】時(shí)間狀語主語graduates的后置定語系動(dòng)詞表語everyone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatother引導(dǎo)詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語fromclassroomtolecswitch的后置定語thattheswitchisnotaninevitableone連詞引導(dǎo)詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語主語系動(dòng)詞表語1連詞表語2賓語從句同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語主句：Thankfully,同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語withGenerationZseekingtolearnl|fromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillset②Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofbemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【全句譯文】雇主們?cè)缫颜J(rèn)識(shí)到雇用中學(xué)畢業(yè)生的好處事實(shí)證明他們作為員工往往比大學(xué)畢③Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesrequirement的后置定語的后置定語【全句譯文】許多雇主也逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到取消對(duì)某些職位的學(xué)位要求的好處。①①Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthed【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】對(duì)象狀語 謂語的賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語【全句譯文】對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為獲取大學(xué)學(xué)位是理想路線的人，請(qǐng)一定要這樣想：這個(gè)學(xué)位很可能會(huì)是許多學(xué)位中的第一個(gè)。②②Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.時(shí)間狀語形式主語謂語真正主語③Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.PostgraduatesnOWearn40percentmorethangraduates.主語時(shí)間狀語謂語比較狀語時(shí)間狀Whenmoreandmoreofushave形式主語謂語真正主語語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語constantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語unlikely表語willbedonewith賓語賓語主語謂語賓語時(shí)間狀語目的狀語能以保持就業(yè)能力。personalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】形式主語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語③Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZscareertrajectory.插入語geographer3or‘Iamaclassicist分句1:主語謂語狀語 主語系動(dòng)詞表語連詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語 主語系動(dòng)詞表語連詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語分句1:Theirsonsordaughterswou主語謂語賓語分句2:it's分句2:it'sasiftheyalreadyknowknow的引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語方式狀語Text3藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的聯(lián)姻不止于傳播科學(xué)②TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperiencesofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】Theseweresomeofthewords主語系動(dòng)詞表語thatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperiencesinaseriesofarticles引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語目的狀語狀語，表范圍artistsandresearchers.art-sciencecollaborationsof描述其對(duì)于藝術(shù)與科學(xué)合作的感受時(shí)所用到的一些詞匯。③Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語謂語賓語分句2:分句1:分句2:主語謂語賓語從句主語謂語賓語said的theywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture連詞主語謂語賓語從句主語謂語賓語時(shí)間狀語【全句譯文】在大約350名接受隨文所附問卷調(diào)查的人中，有近40%的人表示，他們?cè)c藝術(shù)家合①Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語系動(dòng)詞表語【全句譯文】如此鼓舞人心的(調(diào)查)結(jié)果并不出奇。audiences.visualartist視覺藝術(shù)家心主語謂語+狀語賓語目的狀語③“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning,”onerespondentsaid.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主句：主句：“Artistshelpscientistsreachonerespondentsaidth的情感關(guān)聯(lián)?！眛heSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasons。 賓語從句lastmonth時(shí)間whentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedver時(shí)間狀語狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語came謂語howartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesenses引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語version的后置定語ofAntonioVivaldi's【全句譯文】舉個(gè)藝術(shù)家和科學(xué)家如何聯(lián)袂打造震撼場(chǎng)面的例子：上個(gè)月，悉尼交響樂團(tuán)改編并演byinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondata||foreachseasothe300-year-oldscore賓語主語reimagined謂語【全句譯文】他們通過引入蒙納士大學(xué)氣候變化交流研究中心提供的每個(gè)季節(jié)的最新氣候預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，重構(gòu)了這首有300年歷史的樂曲。ChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】aheadof...(時(shí)間、空間)在……前面主語系動(dòng)詞表語ChangeConferencel|inGlasgow,UK.【全句譯文】該表演先于十一月將在英國格拉斯哥召開的聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會(huì)，是一次富有創(chuàng)意的Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.連詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語【全句譯文】不過真正的合作關(guān)系必得是相互成就的。②FewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll;however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.respondedtorespondedtotheNaturepoll;noted謂語noted的賓語從句scientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.狀語，表對(duì)象Fewerartistsseveralrespondents主語分句2however,狀語simplyassistthatartists引導(dǎo)詞主語thanscientists比較狀語donot非僅限于協(xié)助科學(xué)家實(shí)現(xiàn)傳播科學(xué)的需要。Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy否定副詞被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語(助動(dòng)詞)主語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)主語補(bǔ)足語【全句譯文】他們的作品也不應(yīng)只被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)研究對(duì)象。④Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother'swork.主句：Thealliancesaremostvaluable主語系動(dòng)詞表語havea謂語1賓語1狀語系動(dòng)詞表語連詞謂語2賓語2whenscientistsandartists引導(dǎo)詞成果時(shí)，聯(lián)盟才最有價(jià)值。Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.主語謂語1賓語1連詞謂語2賓語2【全句譯文】這一方法既能推動(dòng)研究創(chuàng)新又能促成有影響力的藝術(shù)。①M(fèi)orethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.visualstudy視覺研究主語謂語賓語name.formthebasisofcollaboration.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】連詞狀語系動(dòng)詞2thebasis連詞狀語系動(dòng)詞2thebasisofcollaboration.表語2表語1引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語部分④Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividpoets,andviceversa.Asdividedthecentreatimewhenwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime分句2:work分句2:worktomakea連詞主語謂語1賓語1連詞謂語2賓語2狀語【全句譯文】《自然》的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，這一趨勢(shì)一如既往地強(qiáng)勁，不過，為了合作成功，雙方都②Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipantsmustnotfallintothetrapofstereotypingeachother.連詞主語謂語狀語【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語狀語連詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語狀語，表對(duì)象狀語【全句譯文】藝術(shù)家與科學(xué)家都沉浸于發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)造之中，挑戰(zhàn)與批判對(duì)他們而言也是最重要的事情。Text4不正當(dāng)解雇法不應(yīng)適用于高薪員工①ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】主語謂語賓語下解雇員工。②Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified狀語主語情態(tài)+系動(dòng)詞表語justified['d??stifaid]a.有正當(dāng)③Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.【詞匯注釋】主語act的方式狀語①Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfron“unjustifieddismissals”.②Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersthat引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語主句：thedays的when表語語定語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語+狀語間接賓語直接賓語【全句譯文】老板可以直接地給員工發(fā)出按合同解除雇傭關(guān)系的通知的時(shí)代(就此)一去不復(fù)①Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappapplyto應(yīng)用于createdifficultiesforbusinesses謂語賓語對(duì)象狀語條件狀語從句tohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.對(duì)象狀語when(they)引導(dǎo)詞主語(are)applied被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語handbrake超['主語2謂語Ascountless主語2謂語方式狀語從句主句：constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrake分詞短語作主語系動(dòng)詞個(gè)表語handbrake的后置定語onboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.grade[greid]n.成績(jī)等級(jí)；評(píng)分等級(jí)個(gè)主語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞狀語Thedifference的后置定語betweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmaywell很可能bethedifference系動(dòng)詞A表語thedifference的后置定語betweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.主語Thedifference的后置定語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+狀語+系動(dòng)詞表語是下崗。placingthosejobsatrisk.paradoxically[ipar?'dpksikli]ad.自相矛盾地atrisk處于危險(xiǎn)中ConsequentlyConsequently—andparadoxically—lawsmaybeplacingthosejobs狀語插入語主語謂語賓語laws的后置定語introducedtoprotecthejobsofordinaryworkers賓語補(bǔ)足語①Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunderperformingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers3wages。theextent的(that)employmentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownerstotheexten讓步狀語主語謂語thoselaws的補(bǔ)足語constraint②Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilicountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】cause的后置定語插入語插入語Indeed,Indeed,別指出：管理能力低下是該國生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)不佳的原因之一。①Norarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbyunjustifieddismissalprocedures.【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】NorareNorare連詞系動(dòng)詞 highlypaidmanagersthemselves表語theharm的后置定語②Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.hirestaff引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語形式賓語賓補(bǔ)真正賓語原因狀語從句主句：employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.主語系動(dòng)詞表語morecautious的方面狀語③Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment主語謂語形式賓語賓補(bǔ)對(duì)象狀語真正賓語④Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.主句：Andfirmspaystaffless連詞主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語原因狀語從句becausefirmscarry【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【全句譯文】社會(huì)也會(huì)因過度的就業(yè)保護(hù)而受損害。②Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【全句譯文】嚴(yán)苛的解雇法規(guī)會(huì)對(duì)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生不利影響，進(jìn)而阻礙社會(huì)繁榮和整體福祉。employeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromdismissallaws.【詞匯注釋】【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】【全句譯文】塔斯曼海對(duì)岸的澳大利亞為應(yīng)對(duì)上述“不正當(dāng)解雇悖論”,將收入超過特定“高收入門檻”的員工排除在其“不公平解雇法”的保護(hù)范圍之外。②InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers'Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalreg【詞匯注釋】主語謂語賓語InNewZealand,tocontactoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.③However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingtheHowever,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldy狀語主語themechanisms的后置定語系動(dòng)詞表語分句2:andtheBillwasvoteddown連詞主語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語時(shí)間狀語動(dòng)物園的存在是否合乎道德且具有價(jià)值animals'well-being.主句：主句：Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddown原因狀astheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals'well-being.主語被動(dòng)態(tài)謂語語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語狀語①IwasazooandwildlifeparIwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears主語系動(dòng)詞表語時(shí)間狀語②Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimconservationpurpose心謂語不定式短語作兵語目的狀語1連詞目的狀語2主語狀語+謂語賓語contributions的后置定語⑤Theyareprofitableinstitutionswhosebottomlineitheanimals.bottomline(公司的)盈虧，盈利情況whosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.引導(dǎo)詞主語系動(dòng)詞狀語+表語比較狀語Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinz00s主語謂語現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語地點(diǎn)狀語②Nomatterhowyou“enhance”enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.allowforsth使某事成為可能引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語賓語主句：讓步狀語從句主句：theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.主語謂語賓語1賓語2連詞賓語3③Animalsendupstressedandunhealthyordead.SAnimalsendupstressedandunhealthyordead.④It'spasttimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfrom分句1:It'spasttimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,主語+系動(dòng)詞表語介詞短語作time的后置定語分句2:andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.連詞主語+系動(dòng)詞表語不定式短語作time的后置定語KarenR.Sime的觀點(diǎn)：Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,z0osplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.play方面狀語謂語賓語zoology[z?u'pl?d?i]nagreewithsb同意某人的看法主句：主句：Asazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarrisagree的狀語主對(duì)象狀語賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞主語系動(dòng)詞表語②Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzo0s連詞主語謂語賓語①Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.【結(jié)構(gòu)切分】that主語謂語賓語forwhomZ00visitswereth【全句譯文】我所在大學(xué)的動(dòng)物學(xué)課程吸引來的學(xué)生，正是因?yàn)閰⒂^動(dòng)物園這一關(guān)鍵性的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)wildliferefugesornationalpark