2024年湖北部分名校高二期中聯(lián)考高二英語(yǔ)試卷考試時(shí)間：2024年11月13日上午8:00-10:00試卷滿分：150分注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A.Thehikingclub.B.Thebicycleclub.C.Therockclimbingclub.2.Whenwillthecrewreturntothelandingsite?A.Infourmonths.B.Insixmonths.C.Intenmonths.3.Howwillthemangototheairporttomorrow?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytaxi.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Familymembers.C.Doctorandpatient.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Athemepark.B.Acartoon.C.Acity.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inanoffice.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inafurnitureshop.7.HowdoesAliciasoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Excited.B.Nervous.C.Grateful.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8WhatisMrs.Hayleydoing?A.Takingatrip.B.Meetingaclient.C.Dealingwithanemergency.9.WhatdoesthewomansuggestDaviddo?A.Writedownsomeinformation.B.ContactMrs.Hayleylater.C.Sendadocument.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatseasonisnotincludedfromtheyearlypass?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Fall.11.Whatisthepriceforaone-yearunlimitedpass?A.$100.B.$110.C.$150.12.Whatisthewomangoingtodofirst?AMakepayment.B.Checkhercar’scondition.C.Filloutaform.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhereisMatthewnow?A.Inabigcity.B.Inamountainvillage.C.Inacoastaltown.14.WhydoesMatthewcometoChinaagain?A.Forfun.B.Forstudy.C.Forbusiness.15.WhatdoesthewomanaskMatthewtodo?A.Bringherapresent.B.Makestickyriceteacake.C.Takecareofhisgrandmother.16.WhatmadeMatthewexhausted?A.Pickingtealeaves.B.Catchingachicken.C.Diggingforbambooshoots.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Companyemployees.B.Town’sresidents.C.Governmentofficials.18.Whywasthissitetobechosenforhousing?A.Twolargesecondaryschoolsarecloseby.B.Thesurroundingsarebeautiful.C.Thelocationisconvenient.19.Howfaristhissitefromthehospital?A.A15-minutedrive.B.A20-minutedrive.C.A45-minutedrive.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Showamap.B.Asksomequestions.C.Gotoasupermarket.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEastAfricaisoneofthebestplacestoenjoyincrediblehikes.Itssoaringhillsandmountainswithaccessiblesummitsandsnakingforesttrailshavemadeitthehomeofhikingexperiencestosuitmosttime-framesandfitnesslevels.MountMeruAsTanzania’ssecondhighestmountain,MountMeruisoftenusedbymountaineersforanadaptationtrainingbeforetryingtoconquerKilimanjaro.ClimbingMountMerupassesthroughmanydifferentvegetation(植被)zones.Thedryforestofthelowerregiongiveswaytoadensemountainrainforest,whichthenturnsintobush.Thetrailalsopassesthroughthehabitatsofanumberofwildanimalsincludingbuffaloes,baboonsandgiraffes.MountKenyaAt5,199metersabovesealevel,MountKenyaisanancientextinctvolcano.MountKenyahasthreepeaks—Batian,NelionandLenana,amongwhichonlyLenanacanbereachedbyaveragetrekkers(徒步者)andtheothertwoonlyfortechnicalclimbers.MountKenyaisalsoregardedasaholymountainbyallthecommunitieslivingaroundit.TheyusethemountainfortraditionalritualsbasedonthebeliefthattheirtraditionalgodNgaiandhiswifeMumbiliveonthepeakofthemountain.MountKilimanjaroMountKilimanjaroreaches5,895metersabovesealevel.ItcanbeclimbedatanytimeoftheyearbutthereisusuallyalotmorerainduringApril,MayandNovember.Atthelowerlevels,youwillpassthroughcultivatedfarmlandsrisingthroughtropicalrainforestontoalpinemeadowsandfinallythebarrenlandscapeleadingtothesnowandicecappedsummit.Thelowerlevelsalsoofferthechancetoviewawidevarietyofanimals,birdsandfaunaintheirnaturalhabitat.UsambaraMountainRangeForhikerswhodonotwanttoundergothedifficultiesofclimbingchallengingpeakslikeKilimanjaroorKenya,Tanzania’sUsambaraMountainRangeoffersagreatalternative.Unlikethehikesthatrequirepermitsandthecompanyofparkrangers,itiscasual,andeasilyaccessible.At2,440meters,UsambaraMountainishometoover3,000plantspeciesandover600treespecies.1.WhydomountaineersclimbMountMerufirstbeforetheydoKilimanjaro?A.Toviewawidevarietyofanimals. B.Toadmiredifferentvegetationzones.C.TogetusedtothesituationofKilimanjaro. D.ToavoidthehardshipofclimbingKilimanjaro.2.WhatdoweknowaboutMountKenya?A.Itisanactivevolcano.B.ItiseasiertoclimbcomparedwithKilimanjaro.C.Itissacredintheeyesofresidentslivingaroundit.D.Itsthreepeakscanbeaccessibletoinexperiencedtrekkers.3.WhatisspecialaboutUsambaraMountainRange?A.Itishardtogetaccessto.B.Itishometouniqueplantspecies.C.Itcanbeclimbedatanytimeoftheyear.D.Itdoesn’tneedparkrangerstoaccompanytheclimbers.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四座非洲的名山以及各自的特色?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AsTanzania’ssecondhighestmountain,MountMeruisoftenusedbymountaineersforanadaptationtrainingbeforetryingtoconquerKilimanjaro.(作為坦桑尼亞的第二高峰，梅魯山經(jīng)常被登山者用來(lái)進(jìn)行適應(yīng)訓(xùn)練，然后再試圖征服乞力馬扎羅山)”可知，登山者先爬梅魯山，再爬乞力馬扎羅山是為了適應(yīng)乞力馬扎羅山的情況。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“MountKenyaisalsoregardedasaholymountainbyallthecommunitieslivingaroundit.(肯尼亞山也被居住在它周?chē)乃猩鐓^(qū)視為圣山)”可知，肯尼亞山在周?chē)用裱壑惺巧袷サ摹９蔬xC。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Unlikethehikesthatrequirepermitsandthecompanyofparkrangers,itiscasual,andeasilyaccessible.(與需要許可證和公園護(hù)林員陪伴的徒步旅行不同，它很隨意，很容易到達(dá))”可知，烏桑巴拉山脈不需要公園管理員陪同登山者。故選D。BWhenacolleaguesentJohnMcFallajobadvertisementforwould-beastronauts,hisreactionwasswift.Allhehadinhisheadwasthatitwouldbeawesometogotospace.However,doingsowouldinvolvebreakingthroughaglassceiling—onethathasheldfirmformorethansixdecadesofspaceexploration.Afterlosinghisrightlegattheageof19inamotorcycleaccident,McFallwentontobecomeaParalympicathlete,winningbronzeinBeijing,andlaterbecomingasurgeon.In2022,theEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)announcedthathewouldjointheminseekingtopushtheboundariesofspaceexplorationafterademandingselectionprocess.ThreeyearsafterspottingthejobpostingbyESA,McFallisnowontracktobecometheworld’sfirstastronautwithadisability.There’snoguaranteethatMcFallwillgointospace.Insteadtheagencyhasbeenputtinghimthroughtherequirementsofasix-monthmissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation.ThetestsareaimedatexploringquestionssuchashowMcFallwouldmoveandstabilizehimselfinmicrogravityandhowconditionsinspacewouldaffecthisprosthesis(假肢).Sofar,allsignshavesuggestedthatspaceflightisfeasibleforMcFall,givinghopethathe—orsomeonewithasimilardisability—couldeventuallytrainforanupcomingmission.SincestartingwiththeESA,hehassoughttogentlypushpackagainstthewidelyusedtitleofparastronaut.“I’mnotaparasurgeon;I’masurgeon.I’mnotaparaded;I’madad,”hesaid,describingitasa“slipperyslope”toadd“para”infrontofanythingdonebysomeonewithaphysicaldisability.McFallishopingtochallengepeople’sperceptionofwhatanastronautlookslike.Hesaid,“Myjobistomakesurethatpeoplehaveawell-roundedandinformeddefinitionofdisabilityandwhatbeingdisabledmeans.”4.Whydoesgoingtospaceinvolvebreakingthroughaglassceiling?A.BecauseMcFallfeelsitawfultogotospace.B.BecauseMcFallhastopassaglassbreakingtest.C.Becausetherehasbeennodisabledastronauttodate.D.Becausetheboundariesofspaceexplorationareeasytopush.5.Whathavethesignsindicatedsofar?A.Thetestsareunfairandinhuman. B.McFallwilldefinitelygotospace.C.MeFall’shopeforthefutureislost. D.SpaceflightisworkableforMacFall.6.WhatdoesMcFallwanttodoaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Joinhandswiththosedisabled.B.Pushpeopletoslipoveronaslope.C.Deepenpeople’sunderstandingofdisability.D.Proteststronglyagainsttheuseof“parastronaut”.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnMcFall?A.Generousandstrict. B.Courageousandinspiring.C.Ambitiousandtalented. D.Warm-heartedandoutgoing.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述了John

McFall在成為殘疾人的情況下取得了非凡成就，包括在殘奧會(huì)獲獎(jiǎng)及成為外科醫(yī)生，并通過(guò)ESA的選拔有望成為首位殘疾宇航員。此外，文章還傳達(dá)了McFall希望改變公眾對(duì)殘疾人和殘疾宇航員看法的信息。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,doingsowouldinvolvebreakingthroughaglassceiling—onethathasheldfirmformorethansixdecadesofspaceexploration.(然而，這樣做將需要打破一個(gè)玻璃天花板——一個(gè)在太空探索的六十多年里一直存在的天花板。)”和第二段第一句McFall的情況的描述“Afterlosinghisrightlegattheageof19inamotorcycleaccident,McFallwentontobecomeaParalympicathlete,winningbronzeinBeijing,andlaterbecomingasurgeon.(19歲時(shí)，在一次摩托車(chē)事故中失去右腿后，McFall成為了一名殘奧會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，在北京獲得了銅牌，后來(lái)成為了一名外科醫(yī)生。)”可知，太空探索領(lǐng)域還沒(méi)有殘疾宇航員，所以McFall如果成為宇航員，將打破這一現(xiàn)狀。因此，去太空要突破玻璃天花板的原因是到目前為止還沒(méi)有殘疾宇航員。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Sofar,allsignshavesuggestedthatspaceflightisfeasibleforMcFall,givinghopethathe—orsomeonewithasimilardisability—couldeventuallytrainforanupcomingmission.(到目前為止，所有的跡象都表明，太空飛行對(duì)McFall來(lái)說(shuō)是可行的，這給了他希望，即他或一個(gè)有類(lèi)似殘疾的人最終可以為即將到來(lái)的任務(wù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。)”可知，目前所有的跡象都表明太空飛行對(duì)McFall來(lái)說(shuō)是可行的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段內(nèi)容“SincestartingwiththeESA,hehassoughttogentlypushpackagainstthewidelyusedtitleofparastronaut.‘I’mnotaparasurgeon;I’masurgeon.I’mnotaparaded;I’madad,’hesaid,describingitasa‘slipperyslope’toadd‘para’infrontofanythingdonebysomeonewithaphysicaldisability.McFallishopingtochallengepeople’sperceptionofwhatanastronautlookslike.Hesaid,‘Myjobistomakesurethatpeoplehaveawell-roundedandinformeddefinitionofdisabilityandwhatbeingdisabledmeans.’(自加入歐洲航天局以來(lái)，他一直試圖溫和地抵制‘殘奧會(huì)宇航員’這一廣泛使用的頭銜?！也皇菤垔W會(huì)外科醫(yī)生，我是外科醫(yī)生。我不是殘奧會(huì)爸爸，我是爸爸，’他說(shuō)，把‘殘奧’加在有身體殘疾的人所做的任何事情前面，是一個(gè)‘危險(xiǎn)的滑坡’。McFall希望挑戰(zhàn)人們對(duì)宇航員形象的看法。他說(shuō)：‘我的工作是確保人們對(duì)殘疾和殘疾意味著什么有一個(gè)全面和正確的認(rèn)識(shí)?！?”可知，McFall想要加深人們對(duì)殘疾和殘疾人能力的理解，而不僅僅是在這些稱謂上做文章。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Afterlosinghisrightlegattheageof19inamotorcycleaccident,McFallwentontobecomeaParalympicathlete,winningbronzeinBeijing,andlaterbecomingasurgeon.(19歲時(shí)，在一次摩托車(chē)事故中失去右腿后，McFall成為了一名殘奧會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，在北京獲得了銅牌，后來(lái)成為了一名外科醫(yī)生。)”和第三段中的“Sofar,allsignshavesuggestedthatspaceflightisfeasibleforMcFall,givinghopethathe—orsomeonewithasimilardisability—couldeventuallytrainforanupcomingmission.(到目前為止，所有的跡象都表明，太空飛行對(duì)McFall來(lái)說(shuō)是可行的，這給了他希望，即他或一個(gè)有類(lèi)似殘疾的人最終可以為即將到來(lái)的任務(wù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。)”以及最后兩段McFall想要加深人們對(duì)殘疾的理解可知，JohnMcFall在失去右腿后仍然努力奮斗，成為了殘奧會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員和外科醫(yī)生，并有可能成為世界上第一個(gè)殘疾宇航員，他的經(jīng)歷是勇敢和鼓舞人心的。故選B項(xiàng)。CNoneofusliketothinkwe’dwalkonbywhensomeoneneededourhelp.Butsometimeswebehaveinwayswewouldn’texpectwhenencounteringasituationweareunsureabout.ResearchfromtheBritishHeartFoundationhassuggestedthatathirdofpeoplewouldnotperformfirstaidiftheysawsomeonecollapseonthestreet,withsomeevenadmittingtheywouldn’tcallanambulance.Thiscansometimesmeanthatnoonehelpswhensomeonedesperatelyneedsit.However,alotoftragiceventsurgeustotakeimmediateaction.OneofthemostfamousexamplesofthisisthetragiccaseofKittyGenovesewhowasfatallystabbed(刺、捅)inKewGardens,NewYork,in1964.Follow-upinvestigationsconcludedthatseveralpeoplesaworheardwhatwashappening,butdidnothingtointervene.Thishasbeentermedthe“bystandereffect”—awell-knownpsychologicalphenomenonthatindividualsarelesslikelytoofferhelptosomeonewhenotherpeoplearepresent.Themorepeoplethereare,thelesslikelytheyaretohelp.Therearevariousfactorscontributingtothiseffect—peoplethinkthatotherswillgetinvolvedorintervene.Afterwardspeopleoftensaytheydidnotfeelqualifiedorseniororimportantenoughtobetheonetointervene.Itisalsopartlydownto“pluralisticignorance”—sinceeveryoneisnotreactingtotheemergency,theydon’tneedtoeither;it’snotseriousbecausenooneelseisdoinganything.Self-awarenessisthebestantidotetoit.Whenencounteringanemergency,thinktoyourselfhowyouwouldbehaveifyouwereonyourown.Ignoreeveryoneelseandhowtheyarebehavingandgowithyourinstinct(直覺(jué))—ifyou’dcallanambulance,doit.Ifyou’drunforhelp,doit.Ifthat’showyouwouldhavebehavedwhenyouwereonyourownthenthat’sprobablytherightcourseofaction.8.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldsomepeopledowhensomeoneneedshelp?A.Tobehaveinproperways. B.Torushtogiveahand.C.Togiveimmediatefirstaid. D.Tohesitatetointervene.9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“bystandereffect”iscorrect?A.Itisararepsychologicalphenomenon.B.Peopleareunwillingtohelpforlackofqualification.C.Someonewillstepinwhenmorepeoplearegathering.D.Itresultsfrom“pluralisticignorance”tosomedegree.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“antidote”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Devotion. B.Introduction. C.Solution. D.Resistance.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Don’tBeaBystander B.StayawayfromEmergenciesC.RaiseAwarenessofFirstAid D.Don’tIntervenein“BystanderEffect”【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章開(kāi)篇提出人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)他人需要幫助時(shí)存在的一些不作為現(xiàn)象這一問(wèn)題，接著通過(guò)KittyGenovese的事例引入“旁觀者效應(yīng)”這一概念并對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析闡述，包括產(chǎn)生該效應(yīng)的多種因素，最后提出自我意識(shí)是應(yīng)對(duì)“旁觀者效應(yīng)”的解決辦法?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butsometimeswebehaveinwayswewouldn’texpectwhenencounteringasituationweareunsureabout.ResearchfromtheBritishHeartFoundationhassuggestedthatathirdofpeoplewouldnotperformfirstaidiftheysawsomeonecollapseonthestreet,withsomeevenadmittingtheywouldn’tcallanambulance.(但有時(shí)，當(dāng)我們遇到不確定的情況時(shí)，我們的行為方式會(huì)出乎我們的意料。英國(guó)心臟基金會(huì)的研究表明，如果看到有人在街上暈倒，三分之一的人不會(huì)進(jìn)行急救，有些人甚至承認(rèn)他們不會(huì)叫救護(hù)車(chē)。)”可知，有些人在他人需要幫助時(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出猶豫，不確定是否要采取幫助行動(dòng)，比如進(jìn)行急救或叫救護(hù)車(chē)等，即，有些人會(huì)猶豫是否干預(yù)。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Therearevariousfactorscontributingtothiseffect—peoplethinkthatotherswillgetinvolvedorintervene.Afterwardspeopleoftensaytheydidnotfeelqualifiedorseniororimportantenoughtobetheonetointervene.Itisalsopartlydownto“pluralisticignorance”—sinceeveryoneisnotreactingtotheemergency,theydon’tneedtoeither;it’snotseriousbecausenooneelseisdoinganything.(造成這種效應(yīng)有多種因素——人們認(rèn)為其他人會(huì)介入或干預(yù)。之后人們常說(shuō)他們覺(jué)得自己不夠格、不夠資深或不夠重要，不足以成為介入的那個(gè)人。這在一定程度上也歸因于“多元無(wú)知”——既然每個(gè)人都對(duì)緊急情況沒(méi)有反應(yīng)，他們也覺(jué)得自己沒(méi)必要反應(yīng)；因?yàn)槠渌硕紱](méi)做什么，所以就覺(jué)得情況不嚴(yán)重。)”可知，多個(gè)因素導(dǎo)致了旁觀者效應(yīng)，其中包括“多元無(wú)知”，即因所有人不反應(yīng)所以認(rèn)為不嚴(yán)重，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】詞句猜題題。根據(jù)最后一段“Self-awarenessisthebestantidotetoit.Whenencounteringanemergency,thinktoyourselfhowyouwouldbehaveifyouwereonyourown.Ignoreeveryoneelseandhowtheyarebehavingandgowithyourinstinct(直覺(jué))—ifyou’dcallanambulance,doit.Ifyou’drunforhelp,doit.Ifthat’showyouwouldhavebehavedwhenyouwereonyourownthenthat’sprobablytherightcourseofaction.(自我意識(shí)是應(yīng)對(duì)它的最佳……。當(dāng)遇到緊急情況時(shí)，想想如果你獨(dú)自面對(duì)會(huì)怎么做。忽略其他人以及他們的行為，聽(tīng)從你的直覺(jué)——如果你會(huì)叫救護(hù)車(chē)，那就叫。如果你會(huì)跑去求助，那就去。如果這是你獨(dú)自面對(duì)時(shí)會(huì)采取的行為方式，那么這可能就是正確的行動(dòng)方案。)”可知，自我意識(shí)是應(yīng)對(duì)“旁觀者效應(yīng)”的最佳解決方案，段落闡述了通過(guò)自我意識(shí)按照自己本能行動(dòng)的具體做法，由此可推斷antidote在這里是指應(yīng)對(duì)、解決“旁觀者效應(yīng)”的辦法，故選C項(xiàng)。11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thishasbeentermedthe“bystandereffect”—awell-knownpsychologicalphenomenonthatindividualsarelesslikelytoofferhelptosomeonewhenotherpeoplearepresent.Themorepeoplethereare,thelesslikelytheyaretohelp.(這被稱為“旁觀者效應(yīng)”——一種眾所周知的心理現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)其他人在場(chǎng)時(shí)，個(gè)人不太可能向某人提供幫助。人越多，他們提供幫助的可能性就越小。)”及最后一段中“Ifyou’drunforhelp,doit.Ifthat’showyouwouldhavebehavedwhenyouwereonyourownthenthat’sprobablytherightcourseofaction.(如果你愿意尋求幫助，那就去做吧。如果這就是你獨(dú)自一人時(shí)的行為方式，那么這可能是正確的做法。)”可知，文章主要圍繞“旁觀者效應(yīng)”展開(kāi)，講述了人們?cè)谒诵枰獛椭鷷r(shí)由于該效應(yīng)而不施救的現(xiàn)象及原因，最后又提出通過(guò)自我意識(shí)避免成為旁觀者的解決辦法，整體都是在強(qiáng)調(diào)不要在他人有需要時(shí)只做旁觀者，而要采取行動(dòng)去幫助，A項(xiàng)“.Don’tBeaBystander(不要成為旁觀者)”最能概括全文，故選A項(xiàng)。DHeatimpactsonfoodproductionnowregularlypresentthemselves.“Wehavebeenworriedaboutthisforyears,sayingtheissuewasgoingtogetworse—nowitis,”saysZitouniOuld-Dada,deputydirectorintheOfficeofClimateChange,BiodiversityandEnvironmentattheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO).“Cropsneedanorm(常態(tài));anychangesordisturbancetocycleswillleadtonegativeimpacts.Somecropssimplywon’tgrowincertainareasanymore.Droughtaffectsthequalityofthesoil,theminerals,andtheproductivityoftheplant.”Researchshowsthatyieldsofsomecrops,suchasmaizeandwheatinmanylower-latituderegions,havealreadybeenaffectedbyclimatechange.However,yieldsofmaize,wheatandsugarbeetinhigherlatitudeshavebeenaffectedpositivelyinrecentdecades.“Somecropsaremoretolerantofheatbut,overtime,ifthesetemperaturesbecomethenorm,andarefollowedbyextremelyhighheatonoccasion,allcropseventuallygetaffected.”O(jiān)uld-Dadawarns.Heatimpactsarenotonlylimitedtofoodproduction.Smalleryieldsandchanginggrowingzonescouldleadtogreateruseoffertilisersandwater,andthefurtherlossofbiodiversity.Domesticanimalsarejustasvulnerable(易受……傷害的)toheatstress,withknock-onimpactsoncattleraisedformeatanddairyanimals.Meanwhile,fisheriesandaquaculture(水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè))faceissuesaroundwarmerwatersandacidification.“Aheatingworld,”saysOuld-Dada,“isforcingustorethinkhowweproducefood,processitandstoreit.”Thekeymessage,arguesOuld-Dada,isforfarmerstoexchangebestpracticeanddiversify:ifonecropfallstoheat,anothermaygrow.Besides,Farmerscouldbecreative,forexample,byinstallingsolarpanelsinfields;plantsbenefitfromshadeandthepanelsgenerateelectricityandgatherrainwater.“FoodproductionitselfwillcausetheemissionofCO.Wehavetodothisinawaythatbenefitsnature,thelivelihoodsoffarmersandlocalcommunities,”addsOuld-Dada.12.Whateffectdoesheathaveonfoodproductionaccordingtothepassage?A.Theoverallyieldsoffoodhavenotbeenaffected.B.Theoutputofcertaincropsinlowerlatitudeshasincreased.C.Somecropsarenotlikelytoadapttocertainareasanymore.D.Somecropsmoretolerantofheatwon’tgetaffectedovertime.13.Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?A.Furtherheatimpacts. B.Heatimpactsonfoodproduction.CThelossofbiodiversity. D.Issuesonfisheriesandaquaculture.14.Whatisthekeytocopingwithheatimpactsonfoodproduction?A.Creatingnewplantspecies. B.Processingandstoringfood.C.Installingsolarpanelsinfields. D.Sharingmethodsandvaryingcrops.15.WhatcanbeinferredfromOuld-Dada’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Farmersneedtoputtheoryintopracticeintime.B.Wehadbettertakeenvironment-friendlymeasures.C.Aheatingworldispushingustoproducehealthyfood.D.Foodproductionismerelytoblameforclimatechange.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了全球變暖對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響及應(yīng)對(duì)策略?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Cropsneedanorm(常態(tài));anychangesordisturbancetocycleswillleadtonegativeimpacts.Somecropssimplywon’tgrowincertainareasanymore.Droughtaffectsthequalityofthesoil,theminerals,andtheproductivityoftheplant.(作物需要有一個(gè)常態(tài)；任何變化或周期的干擾都會(huì)導(dǎo)致負(fù)面影響。有些作物在某些地區(qū)根本無(wú)法再生長(zhǎng)。干旱會(huì)影響土壤質(zhì)量、礦物質(zhì)和植物生產(chǎn)力。)”可知，由于高溫，某些作物已無(wú)法再適應(yīng)某些地區(qū)的生長(zhǎng)條件。故選C。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Heatimpactsarenotonlylimitedtofoodproduction.Smalleryieldsandchanginggrowingzonescouldleadtogreateruseoffertilisersandwater,andthefurtherlossofbiodiversity.Domesticanimalsarejustasvulnerable(易受……傷害的)toheatstress,withknock-onimpactsoncattleraisedformeatanddairyanimals.Meanwhile,fisheriesandaquaculture(水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè))faceissuesaroundwarmerwatersandacidification.(熱效應(yīng)不僅限于糧食生產(chǎn)。產(chǎn)量減少和種植區(qū)的變化可能導(dǎo)致肥料和水的更多使用，以及生物多樣性的進(jìn)一步喪失。家畜同樣容易受到熱應(yīng)激的影響，這對(duì)飼養(yǎng)用于肉類(lèi)和奶制品的牲畜產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)。與此同時(shí)，漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)也面臨著水溫升高和酸化的問(wèn)題。)”可知，本段主要講述熱效應(yīng)對(duì)除糧食生產(chǎn)外其他方面的廣泛影響，即熱效應(yīng)的進(jìn)一步的影響。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Thekeymessage,arguesOuld-Dada,isforfarmerstoexchangebestpracticeanddiversify:ifonecropfallstoheat,anothermaygrow.(Ould-Dada認(rèn)為，關(guān)鍵信息是農(nóng)民應(yīng)該分享最佳實(shí)踐并多樣化種植：如果一種作物因熱而受損，另一種作物可能還能生長(zhǎng)。)”可知，應(yīng)對(duì)熱效應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵在于農(nóng)民之間分享方法和多樣化種植。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Besides,Farmerscouldbecreative,forexample,byinstallingsolarpanelsinfields;plantsbenefitfromshadeandthepanelsgenerateelectricityandgatherrainwater.“FoodproductionitselfwillcausetheemissionofCO.Wehavetodothisinawaythatbenefitsnature,thelivelihoodsoffarmersandlocalcommunities,”addsOuld-Dada.(此外，農(nóng)民可以更具創(chuàng)造性，例如在田地里安裝太陽(yáng)能板；植物可以從陰涼中受益，而太陽(yáng)能板可以發(fā)電并收集雨水?！笆称飞a(chǎn)本身會(huì)導(dǎo)致二氧化碳排放。我們必須以一種有利于自然、農(nóng)民生計(jì)和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，”O(jiān)uld-Dada補(bǔ)充道。)”可知，從Ould-Dada最后一段的話中可以推斷出我們最好采取環(huán)保措施。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wewatchoursaltandfatintaketoprotectourhearts.Weexerciseandtakecalciumtoprotectourbones.Weusesunscreentoprotectourskin.Butwhatcanwedotoprotectoureyes?____16____WearsafetyglassesYoudon’thavetobeaconstructionorfactoryworkertoneedprotectiveeyewear.____17____It’sestimatedthatupto90percentofsport-relatedeyeinjuriesarepreventablewithpropereyeprotection.Expertsrecommendsportorsafetyglasseswithpolycarbonatelenses,whichisatypeofplasticthatwillnoteasilybreak.TakeabreakfromscreensThere’snoscientificevidencethatthelightfromelectronicscreensdamageseyes.Butstaringatascreencanleaveeyestiredandmayblur(模糊)vision.Expertssuggestfollowingthe20-20-20rule:every20minutestakeabreakandlookatsomethingabout20feetawayfor20seconds.Onereasonforeyetirednessduringscreenuseisthatpeopletendtoblinklesswhenstaringatcomputerscreens,whichcanleadtodryness.____18____Ifyoustillfeelyoureyesaredryorgettingtired,oryourvisionisoccasionallyblurred,useeyedrops.____19____First,theobvious:smokingisn’tjustbadforyourlungs,butitcanharmeyesandcausedryeyes.Italsoincreasestheriskofcataractsandcanharmtheeyenerve.Besides,trynottorubyoureyes.Rubbingmakesinflammation(炎癥)andleadstoinfections.Themoreyourub,theitchieryoureyeswillget.____20____Notalleyeproblemsarenoticeable,andallarebesttreatedwhenfoundearly.Formostpeople,unlessthereareproblems,thatmeanshavingyoureyestestedeveryonetotwoyears.A.GetridofsmokingB.StopsomebadhabitsC.Finally,don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckupregularly.D.Gardening,homerepairsandsportscanalsoposeriskstoyoureyes.E.Weaskedexpertswhatlifestylestepscanbetakentoprotectourvision.F.Onegoodwaytopreventthatisdrinkingfourorfiveglassesofwateraday.G.Toprotecteyes,wearsunglassesthatcanblockout99to100percentofUVAandUVBlight.【答案】16.E17.D18.F19.B20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)列舉人們保護(hù)心臟、骨骼、皮膚的常見(jiàn)做法引出保護(hù)眼睛的話題，隨后分別從佩戴安全眼鏡、適當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離屏幕休息、摒棄不良習(xí)慣以及定期看眼科專(zhuān)家進(jìn)行檢查等幾個(gè)方面，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了保護(hù)眼睛視力可采取的具體生活方式及相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Butwhatcanwedotoprotectoureyes?(但是我們能做些什么來(lái)保護(hù)我們的眼睛呢？)”可知，此處應(yīng)承接上文并引出下文保護(hù)眼睛的具體建議，與E項(xiàng)“Weaskedexpertswhatlifestylestepscanbetakentoprotectourvision.(我們?cè)儐?wèn)了專(zhuān)家可以采取哪些生活方式措施來(lái)保護(hù)我們的視力。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youdon’thavetobeaconstructionorfactoryworkertoneedprotectiveeyewear.(你不必是建筑工人或工廠工人才需要防護(hù)眼鏡。)”及下文“It’sestimatedthatupto90percentofsport-relatedeyeinjuriesarepreventablewithpropereyeprotection.(據(jù)估計(jì)，高達(dá)90%的運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)眼部損傷可以通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)难劬ΡＷo(hù)來(lái)預(yù)防。)”可知，不管是什么職業(yè)，都需要防護(hù)眼鏡，與D項(xiàng)“Gardening,homerepairsandsportscanalsoposeriskstoyoureyes.(園藝、家庭維修和運(yùn)動(dòng)也會(huì)對(duì)你的眼睛構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”上下文一致，既呼應(yīng)了上文所說(shuō)的不局限于特定工種需要護(hù)目鏡，又引出了運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)的眼部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Onereasonforeyetirednessduringscreenuseisthatpeopletendtoblinklesswhenstaringatcomputerscreens,whichcanleadtodryness.(使用屏幕時(shí)眼睛疲勞的一個(gè)原因是，人們?cè)诙⒅娔X屏幕時(shí)往往眨眼較少，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致干燥。)”可知，下文會(huì)講述緩解眼睛干澀的方法，與F項(xiàng)“Onegoodwaytopreventthatisdrinkingfourorfiveglassesofwateraday.(防止這種情況的一個(gè)好方法是每天喝四到五杯水。)”上下文一致，提供了緩解眼睛干燥的一種辦法，承接了上文關(guān)于眼睛干燥的話題，故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“First,theobvious:smokingisn’tjustbadforyourlungs,butitcanharmeyesandcausedryeyes.Italsoincreasestheriskofcataractsandcanharmtheeyenerve.Besides,trynottorubyoureyes.Rubbingmakesinflammation(炎癥)andleadstoinfections.Themoreyourub,theitchieryoureyeswillget.(首先，顯而易見(jiàn)的是：吸煙不僅對(duì)肺部有害，還會(huì)傷害眼睛并導(dǎo)致眼睛干澀。它還會(huì)增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并可能損害眼神經(jīng)。此外，盡量不要揉眼睛。摩擦?xí)鹧装Y并導(dǎo)致感染。揉得越多，眼睛就會(huì)越癢。)”可知，此段內(nèi)容主要講了吸煙對(duì)眼睛有害以及揉眼睛會(huì)導(dǎo)致炎癥和感染等不良習(xí)慣，與B項(xiàng)“Stopsomebadhabits(改掉一些壞習(xí)慣)”上下文一致，最能概括這段的主要內(nèi)容，故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Notalleyeproblemsarenoticeable,andallarebesttreatedwhenfoundearly.(并非所有的眼部問(wèn)題都很明顯，所有問(wèn)題最好在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)得到治療。)”可知，要定期檢查眼睛，與C項(xiàng)“Finally,don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckupregularly.(最后，不要忘記定期去看眼科專(zhuān)家進(jìn)行檢查。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnAugust8th,2023,abigfirebrokeoutinLahaina,Hawaii.Thefire____21____throughLahainaanddestroyedalmost2,200houses.Itleftabout7,000peoplewithouttheirpossessionsandinneedof____22____.Thatafternoon,KalynLeprenearlylosteverythingincludingsevensurfboards.Lepresurfedalmosteveryday;surfingwasa____23____ofjoyandameansto____24____mentalhealth.JudLau,alongtimesurfer,hasbeenbuildingsurfboardsforthelast15years.Hebelieveslosingaboardislikelosingapartofone’s____25____.Wantingtohelpthevictims,Laustartedbyconnectingpeoplewhowantedtodonate____26____boardstothosewhohadlosttheirs.Butmanysurfers,likeLepre,usecustom(定制的)boardsdesignedto____27____totheirsizeorthetypeofwavestheyride.SoLauraisedapproximately$20,000to____28____thecostofmaterialsforshapingcustomboardsto____29____.Finallyhemade40boardsthatwould____30____havebeensoldfor$600to$1,500each.TherecipientsofLau’seffortsincludeLepre.Lau____31____herahigh-performanceboard____32____withasunsetfadingfromyellowtoorange.Leprecriedwhilereceivingthenewboard.“Justgettingbackinthewaterwasoneofthemost____33____experiencesofmylife.Jud____34____mebackahugepartofmymentalhealth.”saysLepre,____35____wellingupinhervoice.21.A.wiped B.burnt C.lit D.swept22.A.guidance B.shelter C.approval D.scholarship23.A.waste B.source C.variety D.combination24.A.tackle B.assess C.maintain D.suffer25.A.soul B.opportunity C.