專題十一推測詞義

高考

題組一單詞類

Passage1（2021新高考I,C）話題:環(huán)境保護(hù)難度:中詞數(shù)：305

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskies

andlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshad

takencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittookthe

explorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartof

theseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarket

huntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlands

weredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducing

waterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,an

increasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionof

migralory（遷徙的）waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.Underthis

Act,al1waterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarrya

FederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding"

Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointed

byPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.

Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournatural

resources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBird

ConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwiIdlifehabitatforinclusionintothe

NationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedand

availableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollars

hasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.Little

wondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessful

conservationprogramseverinitiated.

1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?

A.Lossofwetlands.

B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.

D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

2.Whatdoestheunder!inedword“decimate"meanir.thefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.

C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

3.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.

B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.

D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStory

B.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl

D.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

答案

［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。文章介紹了美國聯(lián)邦政府發(fā)布的《候鳥狩獵印花稅法案》的背

景及結(jié)果。

1.A

2.C

3.D

4.A

Passage2（2020新高考I,D）話題:生活方式難度:中詞數(shù)：343

AccordingtoarecertstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeand

consumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.And

contrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeople

whoorderlargeportions（份），it*sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneed

toavoid.

Totesttheeffec:ofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchers

conductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividually

invitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovie

viewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasasKedtohelpherselftoasnack.An

actorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactor

weighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhich

increasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.The

participantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,

theytooksignificant1ymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthe

snackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothe

firsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthe

thinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe*re

makingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Cal1it

theT11havewhatshe'shaving"effect.However,we'11adjusttheinfluence.If

anoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'11holdbackabitbecauseIseethe

resultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I*11followsuit.Ifhe

caneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan,tI?

1.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Food5afely.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

2.Whatdoestheunder!inedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.

B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.

D.Tallthinpersons.

memoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anaging

writerlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillardtsHoly

theFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）abouteverythingandnothing.Thethirdbookis

JulioCortzar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.Andbecause

Cortzar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,which

mightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisirdeed

wonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganaulhor，sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it*syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.

1.Whydocstheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It*sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?

A.It,sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It*saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"currency',inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt.B.Reward.

C.Alluwance.D.Facevalue.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He*saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文為議論文。文章認(rèn)為重讀書籍是人們重新認(rèn)識自我的重要過程。

1.D

2.B

3.B

4.A

Passage4（2020浙江7月，B）話題:科學(xué)與技術(shù)難度:中詞數(shù)：308

ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generally

don'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30

am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburst

ofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpush

itdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.

Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesa

systemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection（十字路口）signalsthat

canadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptive

signals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravels

betweenworkandhome.

"Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeing

addressed,"saysAlexStevanovie,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.

Foral1ofBellevue*ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-al1forjammed

roadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversity

TransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularly

belieficictlforbomecilies,othersaresojaiiunedllialonlyasharpreductioninIlie

numberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference."It'snotgoingtofix

everything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,"hesays.

InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueof

welcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactionto

increasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportation

Department'strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswill

considermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?

A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.

B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.

C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.

D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.

2.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?

A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.

B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.

C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.

D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.

3.WhatcanwclearnfromBcncvuc'ssuccess?

A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.

B.Theoldmethodssti11worktoday.

C.Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.

D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種自適應(yīng)信號燈，這種信號燈的使用使一些

城市交通擁堵的問題得到了改善。

1.C

2.D

3.A

Passage5（2020北京,D）話題?科學(xué)與技術(shù)難度:難詞數(shù)：419

CertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms（算

法）carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsare

appearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageinto

another.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.

Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespecifictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeen

designed.ThatissomethingthatsomeAldevelopersarenoweagertochange.

Someoftoday*sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday,sworldof"weak"or

“narrow"AI,tocreate''strong'*or"full"AI,orwhatisoftencalled

artificialgeneralintelligence（AGI）.Insomerespscts,today,spowerfulcomputing

machinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforus

aroundtheclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomany

problems.DM,acompanyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto“solve

intelligence"."Ifwe'resuccessful,Htheirmissionstatementreads,“we

be1ievethiswillbeoneofthemostimportantandwide1ybeneficialscientific

advancesevermade.0

SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleoreven

probable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedthe

eventualcreationofan"ultra-intelligentmachine...thatcanfarsurpassallthe

intellectual（智力的）activitiesofanyman,howeverclever."Goodwentcnto

suggestthat41thefirstultra-intelligentmachine"couldbeThelastinvertion

thatmanneedevermake.0

Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad,powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshave

beenreinforced（強(qiáng)化）bymanyworksoffiction-MaryShelley*sFrankensteinandthe

Terminatorfilmseries,forexample.ButifAIdoeseventuallyprovetobeour

downfall,itisunlikelytobeatthehandsofhuman-shapedformslikethese,with

recognisablyhumanmotivationssuchasaggression（敵對行為）.Instead,Iagreewith

OxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,whobelievesthattheheaviestrisks

fromAGIdonotcomefronadecisiontoturnagainstmankindbutratherfromadogged

pursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.

ThepiomiseanddangeroftiueAGIdiegxeal.Buictllofluday*bexciled

discussionaboutthesepossibilitiespresupposesthefactthatwewillbeableto

buildthesesystems.And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAI

researchers,Ibelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewi11seeAGIanytimesoon,

ifever.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ubiquitous"inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Enormousinquantity.

B.Changeabledaily.

C.Stableinquality.

D.Presenteverywhere.

2.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?

A.Helptotackleproblems.

B.Makebrainsmoreactive.

C.Benefitambitiouspeople.

D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.

3.AsforIrvingGood*sopiniononultra-intelligentmachines,theauthor

is.

A.supportiveB.disapproving

C.fearfulD.uncertain

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?

A.Itmaybeonlyadream.

B.Itwi11comeintobeingsoon.

C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.

D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文為議論文。目前人工智能的應(yīng)用隨處可見，一些人工智能先鋒想把人工智

能發(fā)展成為通用人工智能（AGI）,有些人害怕通用人工智能會給人類帶來災(zāi)難,但作者對通用

人工智能在近期實(shí)現(xiàn)持懷疑態(tài)度。

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.A

Passage6（2019全國I,B）話題:人際溝通難度:易詞數(shù):329

ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday.and

rightnowit'sChrisPalaez，sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.With

shiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe*snervous.Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should…”Chris

tripsonthe"-Id,"apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.

Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.u...Vote

for...me...nExceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebrings

hisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.

Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,

Chriswou1dexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneed

isagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.uIttakesalotforany

student,"Whaleyexplains,"especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishas

theirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,'Idon'tknow,butIwantto

know.'"

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenhe

askedthechildrenonecaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbea

president.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjust

learningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）about

themselves.

"Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,'*Whaleysays,“isvery

difficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident."

1.WhatmadeChrisnervous?

A.Tellingastory.

B.Makingaspeech.

C.Takingdlest.

D.Answeringaquestion.

2.Whatdoestheunder1inedword“slumbles"inparagraph2referto?

A.Improperpauses.

B.Badmanners.

C.Spellingmistakes.

D.Sillyjokes.

3.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley,sprojectisto.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents*publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents'lovsforpolitics

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWha1eyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.

C.Caring.D.Demanding.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Whaley老師關(guān)愛學(xué)生，鼓勵學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)

點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)自信的故事。

1.B

2.A

3.A

4.C

Passage7（2019全國II,A）話題:文學(xué)與藝術(shù)難度:易詞數(shù):264

MyFavouriteBooks

JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWill

series（系歹lj）oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.

MeiliIdci

RoaldDahl

IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalcsonRoaldDahl'swritingandit

gavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda,sbattles

withhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,M\ssTrunchbul1,areequallyfunny

andfrightening,butthey*realsoaspirational.

AfterDark

HarukiMurakami

It'sabouttwosisters—Eri,amodelwhoeither/on'torcan,tstopsleeping,and

Mari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister,Maristartschangingher

lifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse*'nightpeople,whoarehidingsecrets.

GoneGirl

GillianFlynn

Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseonthe

planetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbri11iant.There*stensionandanxietyfromthe

beginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthe

frustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.

TheStand

StephenKing

Thisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.

Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftneworld'spopulation,abattle

unfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.Randal1Flaggisoneofthescariest

charactersever.

1.WhodoesTrefertointhetext?

A.StephenKing.B.GillianFlynn.

C.JoUsmar.D.RoaldDahl.

2.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?

A.Cosmopolitan.B.Mati1da.

C.AfterDark.D.TheStand.

3.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?

A.AfolkIdle.B.Abiogiaphy.

C.Alovestory.D.Ahorrorstory.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一位作家對自己喜歡的幾本書的評價。

1.C

2.C

3.D

Passage8（2019北京,D）話題:環(huán)境保護(hù)難度:難詞數(shù)：419

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld*soceanswillbebluerand

greenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenon1ietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）called

phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,these

phytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvaries

fromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climate

changewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whi1ereducingitinother

spots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）

intotheoceanwhi1egivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarbonin

thedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.But

phytoplanktonarcvulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskey

characteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednot

onlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,

builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Ina

worldthatwarmsupby3'C,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceans

wouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplankton

couldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarming

willmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturn

greener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,'*she

said,Ubutthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.'*

Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertain

kindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeof

fishthatwillbeabletosurvive.Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefood

chain.

Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecoiningdecadeswill

probablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantcharges.

"It'11beawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappening

becauseofclimatechange,nDutkicwiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolourofthe

oceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedour

planet."

1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Theway1ightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.

C.Significant.D.Unnoticeablc.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz，smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。氣候變暖導(dǎo)致了海洋浮游植物的變化，進(jìn)而會影響海洋顏色的

變化。

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.C

Passage9（2018浙江6月，B）話題:環(huán)境保護(hù)難度:中詞數(shù)：280

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhen

youconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,

includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatis

evenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindthe

plasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100biIlionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyend

upintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthem

atcheckouts（收銀臺）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,

includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadforthe

planetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers5arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshoppersto

purchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceand

transport.Andwhi1ep.asticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmall

percentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasits

replacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongerits

lifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusable

bagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeused

atleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon,tdispute（質(zhì)疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbe

bannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

1.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

2.Whatdoestheword"headwinds''inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

3.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAway

D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇議論文。文章論述的主題是一次性塑料袋究竟對環(huán)境好不好，塑料

袋和紙袋哪個好。

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.A

Passage10（2018北京,D）話題:科學(xué)與技術(shù)難度:難詞數(shù)：479

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibi1ityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist's

dream,yearsawayfroirimaterializingintherealworld.We11,thefutureis

apparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermi:sin

Aprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealso

clearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompanies

tooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleading

thewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.

It*shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthowever

longittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtocnangeourtransportationsystems

andourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformatic-nis

regulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverless

cars（andrightfullyso）,policymakersalsoshouldbetcilkingabouthowself-driving

vehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（排放）andoffermoreconvenient,

affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomake

surethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.

Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverless

cars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.They

toleratelong,s1owjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,

entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytake

theirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethe

buildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupa

childorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceeven

leadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport-anunwe1comesideeffectresearch