2021年高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)精品資料【講】

專題07閱讀理解V:3章結(jié)構(gòu)題

【構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系】

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題考考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)段落落層次次、、寫作作方法法和和行文文走勢(shì)勢(shì)

【考綱解讀】

考試大綱要求考綱解讀

要求考生閱讀4篇短主旨大意題包括精確歸納標(biāo)題、概括文章大意

文，從每題所給的4個(gè)選和總結(jié)段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主題和細(xì)

考查

項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。題材節(jié).，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力，也就是能否在理解

主旨大意、

廣泛，包括科普、社會(huì)、全文的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯

細(xì)節(jié)理解、

文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方方法對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括和總結(jié)，做這類題目時(shí)要

推理判斷、

面內(nèi)容。體裁多樣，以記高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，不可以以偏概全。

詞義猜測(cè)、

敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文為篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

主。等題型。

【剖析全國(guó)高考真題】——預(yù)測(cè)高考命題方向

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題段落層次、寫作方法和行文走勢(shì)

近年考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)

1.【2020?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)III】

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslook

deeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.People

inEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Callie-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthern

Europehavegainedamutalion（突變）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairor

tofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,

asthesepeoplearcknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhave

(raditonallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.**Theyare

simplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,

spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Wcweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders,*'Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderihesea."

ln20l,MelissaIlardo,(henagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.

Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasier

fbrthem.uitseemedliketheperfectchancefbrnaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaid

therewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheB:ijaudive.299

32.Whatdocstheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

【答案】32.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)人類基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億

年前，而且最近幾千年也有。Bajau人因?yàn)榭亢樯?，他們的身體已經(jīng)進(jìn)化成更能適應(yīng)海洋生活。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的wcarctheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurred

billionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhuman

evolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.(我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物，而且不僅僅是數(shù)十億年前的產(chǎn)物。

當(dāng)科學(xué)家更深入的研究我們的基因時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過(guò)去幾千年進(jìn)化的例子)可知，作者列舉第一

段的例子是為了告訴我們關(guān)于人類進(jìn)化的一個(gè)新信息，那就是人類在最近幾千年也在進(jìn)化。B.New

knowledgeofhumanevolution』人類進(jìn)化的新知識(shí))符合以上說(shuō)法，故選B項(xiàng)。

2.D【2019?天津】

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggle

againstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.

Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedto(heworldfbrmere(han35()years.Thatformerprisonerwas

Cervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉訶德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosome

peoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgo(oseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthose

whofailtogettothetop.Wccan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowing

becausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationand（hen

becometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,the

opportunitiesarceverywhere.

ThethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskillsWelearntobearwiththethingswecan't

change.Wclearntoavoidself-pity.Wclearnthathowevermuchwctrytoplease,somepeoplearcnevergoingtolove

us-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohave

meaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwchavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthan

ourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（視...等同于）“commitment"withsuch“caring“occupationsasteachingandnursing.But

doinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuch

excel'encewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingtheKindofpeople

theyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone'sstrugglefbrliberty.

B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.Lcsetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavors（hosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationfbrlearning.

D.lbsuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】51.B52.D53.C54.D55.A

【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了如何過(guò)一種有意義的成人的生活。

51.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中此人53歲，有債務(wù)，生活不幸，身上還有傷，但他下決心寫一本，而且此書

還獲得了成功，350年依舊受歡迎，可知作者通過(guò)Cervantes的故事來(lái)表明年齡不是一個(gè)人實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的障礙，故

答案為B。

52.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下的作者說(shuō)我要討論的是那些停止學(xué)習(xí)的人的成長(zhǎng)，他們?cè)诹魇诺臍q月里采

用的是固定的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，不想通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步，可知?jiǎng)澗€短語(yǔ)的意思是“無(wú)興趣學(xué)習(xí)的人“，故答案為D。

53.C推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段中我們?cè)谧约簩I(yè)的領(lǐng)域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，沒(méi)有什么使我們吃驚，

我們也沒(méi)有驚奇的意識(shí)，即指我們失去了好奇心。但后一句說(shuō)，如果我們?cè)敢鈱W(xué)習(xí)的話，我們還有機(jī)會(huì)成功。

暗含的意思就是如果我們有好奇心的話，我們就有機(jī)會(huì)獲得成功，故答案為C。

54.D推理判斷題。作者在文中告訴我們要學(xué)會(huì)忍受我們不能改變的事物，要學(xué)會(huì)避免自憐，要學(xué)會(huì)不管我們

怎么表現(xiàn)，總有人不喜歡我們等等方法，可知第5段的主要意思是告訴我們要用合適的方法去對(duì)待生活。故答

案為D。

55.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，作者通過(guò)一個(gè)例子引出他的主題；一個(gè)人如何過(guò)一個(gè)有意義的成年

人生活。作者為我們提供了一些指導(dǎo)，要有動(dòng)力，要有好奇心，要用適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞饺ド畹龋蚀鸢笧锳。

3.B[2018?天津卷】

WhenIwas17.1readamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercolorislnamed

MarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,Sally

andIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit.therewasapicturein

theinagazine."

"Oh,stop.Thereitis!”

Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.

"MayIhelpyou?'1amanasked."No,"Isaid."Wc'rcfine?,Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalong

timeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupsiairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（愛(ài)

窺探的），keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.

SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?"heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArt

Museum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead.MSorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.'*"What'sthisplace?^^Iasked,

stillconfused."Well,ifsourhome."Myheartjolted（震顫j）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!Comedown

immediately!"

"There'ssomereallygoodstufT（藝術(shù)作品）upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthe

frontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItold

Sallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithout

sayinganything.

TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,we

stayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.

Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,

thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?11

"Ye*.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone."

"Thalwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittingin（hehall.Beforeyoucameover,Ineverrealizedwhatabeautifulplace

Ilivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I've

alwayswantedtothankyou."

44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?

A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.

B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.

C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.

D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.

【答案】44.D

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者和朋友原想?yún)⒂^McNay博物宿，到了之后參觀的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人

奇怪的看著她，最后才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己誤將一個(gè)私人住宅當(dāng)成McNay博物館。30年后，一位女士認(rèn)出誤撞入自己

住宅的作者，指出正是因?yàn)樽髡叩恼`撞人才讓她意識(shí)到自己住的地方有多么美麗。

44.寫作方法題。根據(jù)全文可知，作者著墨點(diǎn)主要在敘述參觀誤當(dāng)成McNay博物館的私人住宅上，故這才

是文章的重心，所以將真正的McNay博物館敘述一帶而過(guò)。故選D。

4[2012?全國(guó)卷I,DJ

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthavenever

practicedeversince.Amanwhohasrothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhe

getsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandsti11rideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballas

wellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins

"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Onceweliavelearnedsomething,

additionallearningtrials（嘗試）increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlong

afterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinue（olistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkls,twinkle,little

star"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.

Themultiplicationtables（乘*去口訣表）areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethings

thatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.

Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming（突擊學(xué)習(xí)）foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,

isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetby

ontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,

isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.

68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby.

A.presentingresearchfindings

B.settingdowngeneralrules

C.makingacomparison

D.usingexamples

【答案】68.D

【解析】

【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。成年人常常驚嘆他們能很好地記著兒時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)的東西。作者

認(rèn)為這是兒時(shí)過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果,是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們兒時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)一樣?xùn)|西的時(shí)候,我們不是就此停止，

而是繼續(xù)練習(xí)，才使我們記憶深刻.文章用例證法說(shuō)明了“過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)”的概念,最后作者

談到了“過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)”的好處和突擊學(xué)習(xí)的弊端.

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知；作者采用了舉例子的說(shuō)明方法.比如：practicesuchskillsas

swimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.和The

mult:p：:cat:ontab：usi乘法口訣表)areanotherofthethingsweoverlearn:nchildhood.

【高考預(yù)測(cè)】

縱觀近幾年全國(guó)高考試題,很少出現(xiàn)此類題型,但這一題型在地方高考和模擬試題中時(shí)有出現(xiàn),因此不排除2020

年全國(guó)高考試題可能會(huì)

①設(shè)置1道篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題，考查考生對(duì)整個(gè)篇章或其中的某個(gè)段落結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)的把握。

②題型設(shè)置主要是讓考生分析某一段落或全文的結(jié)構(gòu)或?qū)懽鞣椒?，也?能讓考生試著猜測(cè)緊接著最后一段可能

會(huì)寫葉么內(nèi)容。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)

【精講研法】——課堂講解突破核心考點(diǎn)

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

【做題實(shí)踐中找規(guī)律】

【例1】【山西省祁縣中學(xué)2019-2020屆高三8月月考】

Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionfbrextraordinarychange.AghanOscarisjustamong

them.Thirteenyearsago,Aghan.botheredby(hecvcr-incrcasingquantityofplastincwasteinthislow-incomesuburb

ofNairobi,decidedtofindawaytorecycleit.

Nouhiscompany.ContinentalRenewableEnergyCo.Ltd(COREC)producespolesforuseinconstruction,

farmingandroadsigns.Sofarhe'ssold96,000,andhesayshispotentialiorgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderable

expenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants.

MostofAghan'scustomersarefarmersanddeveloperswhoonceusedwoodenfencepoles.Cusiomerssaythey

haveotherbenefitsaswell.havefencedmypieceoflandthreetimesusingwoodposts,butmostofthetimethe

fencewasvandalized(故意破壞)byvillagerswhousedthepostsasfirewood.1'saidCalebKaptcn.Nowplasticposts

havestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.

TheKenyaNationalHighwaysAuthorityisoneofCORECsbiggestcustomers.Itapproachedthecompanyafter

roadsignswerevandalizedbycriminalswhosoldthemetalpolestosteelmanufacturingcompanies.Aghanreckons（估

計(jì)）thatCORECsproductshavesavedthegovernmentmillionsofshillings,besidespreventingroadaccidents.Andhe

alsopointsoutthatCOREChasbeenabletoconservelargenumbersoftreesbyproducingplasticpoles.

WhenAghanstartedthisrecyclingbusinessin2003,mostofhisemployeeswerehisfamilymembersdueto

financialcons【raini（限制）.Nowheemploys250youngpeople（ocollectplasticwaste.Fiftymoreyouthsworkonthe

productionline,wherethewasteissortedaccordingtoqualitybeforebeingcrushedandwashed,meltedandcastinto

diflerentshapes.Thepolesarcthenanangedbyshapeandsizeforsaleintheyardoftherecyclingplant.

27、Whichbestshowsthestructureofthetext?

【答案】27.D

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文.受日益增多的塑料垃圾所擾的Aghan創(chuàng)辦了自己的公司來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題他們回收

利用廢棄塑料來(lái)生產(chǎn)塑料桿兒用于建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)和交通領(lǐng)域。

27.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知第一段屬于主旨段，引出本文的話題；第二段講的是Aghan創(chuàng)辦了自己的公司，

生產(chǎn)用于建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)和路標(biāo)的塑料桿兒；第三段和第四段分別介紹塑料桿兒在農(nóng)業(yè)和交通領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，屬于對(duì)

第二段內(nèi)容的擴(kuò)展；第五段主要介紹這種塑料桿兒的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，與第二段是并列關(guān)系。故選D。

2.（北京四中高三期中）Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bear

someresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyarcdesignedtowin

usovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Time

magazinehailed（稱贊）therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowwcinteractwithmachincs.^^Butisreshaping

howweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?

Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon'tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykinds

ofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,

roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate（賦予…生命）dollsandturnthem

intoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.

Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today'srobotstellchildrenthattheyhave

emotions,friendships,evendrcamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickcry.Forinstance,

Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompany

behindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate“adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,you

feelthepainofthat.^^Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?Whatdoesitmeantofeel（hepainofneglectingsomethingthat

feelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitis

neglectingyou?

Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathy

allowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionsto

share,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures“say”orsqueak,theydon't

understandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessential

eauipmenl.Theyhavenotbeenbom,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobot

feelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.

Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots'behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whentherobotsinteractwith

them,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon'tworkwhenneeded,childrenalso

takeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem（自尊）.Inonestudy,an8-year-oklboy

concludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.

Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbu（conversationandcare.Now

thatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat“fbeL”

47.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)）C:Conclusion

CC

【答案】47.B

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。新的社交機(jī)器人與以往機(jī)器人不同，他們不僅比我們聰明還有他們的個(gè)性。時(shí)代周刊稱它徹

底改變了我們與機(jī)器互動(dòng)的方式。但是對(duì)這種改變有的科學(xué)家贊同而有很多人也很擔(dān)憂。

47.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。分析文章內(nèi)容，第一段提出觀點(diǎn)：社交機(jī)器人改變了我們與機(jī)器互動(dòng)的方式。第二段提出一

些支持這一改變的專家的想法，第三段提出一些人對(duì)這一改變的擔(dān)憂，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五

段分別是這些人的三點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂。最后一段總結(jié)這一趨勢(shì)面臨的現(xiàn)狀。所以義章提出觀點(diǎn)后，分為支持和反對(duì)兩個(gè)

觀點(diǎn)，反對(duì)方面又列出了三點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂，最后一段總結(jié)。故選B。

規(guī)律方法：如何分析段落層次段落層次、寫作方法和行文走勢(shì)？

解答此類題目首先要了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，從段落組織方式上看，有三種形式：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)（總-＞分-總；總一分；

分T總）、并列式結(jié)構(gòu)（段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對(duì)獨(dú)立）、對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)（結(jié)構(gòu)形式是一正一反）。要想準(zhǔn)確深

刻地理解一篇文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握文章的脈搏，特別是把握段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后

分析作者采用了什么論證手段（舉例、比較、類比等）證明主題，從而正確解答試題。近幾年還有些試題考查

全文或某一段落是以什么樣的形式展開(kāi)論述的，一般來(lái)說(shuō)有的按事情發(fā)展的順序，有的按時(shí)間的先后順序，有

的按人物的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，還有的按地點(diǎn)或空間的位置變換，閱讀時(shí)要特別注意。

考查組織結(jié)構(gòu)的文章通常行文組織結(jié)構(gòu)都比較清晰、規(guī)范，因此，具備文體、寫作方式和文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)方

面相關(guān)知識(shí)對(duì)于有效解答此類題目具有至關(guān)重要的作用。

I、記敘文可以采取以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序（開(kāi)端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局）等敘事方式進(jìn)

行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時(shí)間的先后順序敘述，比如，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他，最后寫高潮，這種

敘事手法叫做倒敘。

2、議論文總體上可以分為四類：

第一類，”提出論點(diǎn)——分論點(diǎn)———分論點(diǎn)二——分論點(diǎn)三……——結(jié)論”；

第二類，”引入段——導(dǎo)出論點(diǎn)——分點(diǎn)論述——結(jié)論”；

第三類，“提出問(wèn)題一分析問(wèn)題一解決問(wèn)題”；

第四類，”提出反面觀點(diǎn)一一批駁反面觀點(diǎn)——提出正面觀點(diǎn)

3、說(shuō)明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對(duì)比或比較等說(shuō)明方式進(jìn)行寫作，而這些說(shuō)明方式都是為了使文

章要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容或問(wèn)題更加清嘶明了、真實(shí)可信，或者更具說(shuō)服力。

【方法指導(dǎo)】文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是高考閱讀測(cè)試的目標(biāo)之一。從其考查內(nèi)容而言，可分為三種：考查考生對(duì)整個(gè)

文章結(jié)構(gòu)的組織能力；考查考生對(duì)后文內(nèi)容的預(yù)測(cè)能力；考查考生對(duì)文章寫作手法、修辭手段的鑒賞能力。

A篇章結(jié)構(gòu)主要的設(shè)題方式常有：

(1)Howisthepassageorganized?

(2)Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?

(3)Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?

(4)Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby.

(5)Thefirstparagraphservesasa(n).

(6)Theexampleof...isgiventoshow/illustratethat.

B篇章結(jié)構(gòu)主要的解題策略常有：

(1)了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的組織形式。從段落組織方式上講，常見(jiàn)的文章結(jié)構(gòu)有三種：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)(總一分；總一分

一總；分一總)、并列式結(jié)構(gòu)(段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對(duì)獨(dú)立)、對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)構(gòu)形式上是一正一反)。

(2)了解文章的論證方法。從論證方法上講，常見(jiàn)的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以卜兩類：Putforwardaquestion—>Analyze

thequestion—>Solvethequestion即“提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題”的過(guò)程；Argumcnt/idca—>Evidence—>

conclusion/restatingtheidea即“由詒點(diǎn)到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)”的過(guò)程。

(3)了解文章的修辭手法。從修辭手法上講，在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說(shuō)明、列舉例證和對(duì)比等寫

作手法。其中，“引用"和''例證”是議論文和說(shuō)明文中最常用的寫作手法之一。是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺

的命題方向。"引用''和"例證''的共同目的就是增強(qiáng)說(shuō)服力，以更好的達(dá)到說(shuō)理、說(shuō)明的目的。“引用''和“例證”

的共同功能就是服務(wù)了?段落或篇章的主題。

【變式精講】

1.D［天津市和平區(qū)2020屆高三線下第一次模擬］

Manyparentsworrythatshowingnegativeemotionsinfrontoftheirchildrenwillcausethemtosuffer.For

example,childrenmayendupthinkingit'stheirfaultorsimply"catch"theemotion.Indeed,thisworryhasasound

basis—thephenomenonof“emotionalcontagion'*(情緒感染)isreal,andonerecentstudyfoundthatparentscan

transfertheirfearofgoingtothedentist,forexample,totheirchiklren.

Ontheotherhand,thereisthenaturalideathatweshould"bereal"withourchildren,andthattheywillbenefit

fromwatchingaparentwhostrugglesandeventuallydealswiththeirnegativeemotionslikeanyotherhumanbeing.

Therearethreeconceptstoconsiderwhenitcomestoemotionaldisplayinfrontofchildren:suppression（壓抑），

"unccntained"expression,andtalkingaboutemotions.Suppressionofemotioniswhenyouhidetheoutwardsignsof

anemotion.Unfortunately,itdoesn'tworkverywell—theactofsuppressingyouremotionactuallyincreasesyour

bloodpressure.Observerscanpickuponyourdistressdespiteyoureffortstohideit,makingthemfeelstressed.The

recentresearchhasalsofoundthatwhenparentsfeelnegativeemotionsandkeepthemfromtheirchildren,they

experiencelowerrelationshipqualityanddecreasedresponsivenesstotheirchild'sneeds.

Ontheotherhand,"uncontained"expressionofangerandsadnessbytheparentisalsonotsalutaryforthechild.

Uncontainedmeanshighintensityemotion,withnoattemptstoregulateortakeownershipofit.Shouting,smashing

（摔）thingsandblamingsomeoneelsefor"makingyouangry"areallexampleofthis.

So,whatisthemiddleground?Thatwouldbetalkingaboutemotiontakingownershipofthemandshowingyour

childthatyouaretryingtodealwiththem.Classicresearchfoundthatsix-year-oldkidshadbetteremotional

understandingandperspective-takingskillsiftheirmothershadtalkedtothemabouttheiremotionsattheageofthree.

Infact,themore（hemothershadtalked,thebettertheoutcomewouldbe.

Sonexttimeyoufeelsad.angryorfrustratedandyourchildiswatchingyouexpressingemotion,doexplainwhat's

goingonintermstheycanunderstand.

55.What'sthestructureofthetext?

AB

Passage

?（i）⑵⑹?

D

【答案】55.B

55.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。

通讀全文可知，一、二段闡述了最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母可以把他們的情緒轉(zhuǎn)移給孩子。三、四、五段闡述

父母的情緒對(duì)孩子的影響，與孩子談?wù)撉榫w，找到中間地帶；最后一段提出建議。故選

2.D【湖南省永州市高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬】

Theorganicfoodhasgainedalotof[popularityastheyarebeingconsideredashealthierandtastier.Afairnumber

ofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnotseem

well-founded.

Sincethemid-19lhcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandto

foodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanlesswildernessneeds

tobetransfonnedtofarmland.

Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountof