專題03被動語態(tài)內(nèi)容早知道?第一層鞏固提升練（3大考點）考點一一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)考點二一般過去時的被動語態(tài)考點三情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)?第二層能力培優(yōu)練?第三層拓展突破練一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】1.語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示句子主與謂語的關(guān)系。當謂語動詞表示一個動作時，它和主語有兩種不同的關(guān)系：主語態(tài)（TheActiveVoice）和被動語態(tài)ThePassiveVoice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)者；被動語態(tài)則表示主語是謂語動作的承受者?！纠洹縈anypeoplespeakEnglish.許多人講英語。Englishisspokenbymanypeople.英語被許多人講。2．被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化都是通過助動詞be的不同形式表現(xiàn)出來的。本單元先來學習一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。3．一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的各種句式一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為am／is／are＋及物動詞的過去分詞”，be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)主語而定。如果強調(diào)動作或行為的執(zhí)行者，就用介詞“by”引出。Thekiteismadebymyfather.這個風箏是我爸爸制作的。句式構(gòu)成肯定句形式主語＋am／is／are＋過去分詞+by...)...否定句形式主語＋am／is／are＋not＋過去分詞（＋by...）...一般疑問句形式Am／Is／Are＋主語＋過去分詞（+by...）...?肯定回答：Yes,主語+am/is/are.否定回答：No,主語+isn’t/aren’t或No,I’mnot.特殊疑問句形式特殊疑問詞＋am／is／are＋主語＋過去分詞（＋by...）...?【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】【教材原句】Teaplantsaregrownonthesidesofmountains.茶樹被種植在山坡上。ArethecarsmadeinChina？這些汽車是中國生產(chǎn)的嗎？Whatisthiskindofsweatermadeof?這種毛衣是用什么制成的？【難點突破】主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟：1．確定主動句的主語、謂語和賓語；2．把主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳淅锏闹髡Z，若主動句里的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?．把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)“be＋動詞的過去分詞”，但時態(tài)不能改變；4．把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后做賓語，若主語是人稱代詞，應(yīng)把主格變成賓格。主動語態(tài)：主語＋謂語＋賓語...被動語態(tài)：主語+bedone+by...Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.【注意】①by短語有時可以省略。【教材原句】PeoplegrowteainHangzhou.人們在杭州種植茶葉?！鶷eaisgrown(bypeople)inHangzhou.茶葉在杭州（被人們）種植。②如果主動句中有兩個賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語），可以把其中任意一個變成被動句的主語。Myteachergivesmealotofbooks.（主動語態(tài)）主語謂語間賓直賓我的老師給我許多書。被動語態(tài)：Iamgivenalotofbooksbymyteacher.Alotofbooksaregiventomebymyteacher.【鞏固練習】1．Breakfast________everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinShijiazhuang.A．provides B．provided C．isprovided D．wasprovided2．Differentkindsoffood________bytheworkersinourschooldininghalleverydayduringlunchtime.A．serve B．willserve C．willbeserved D．a(chǎn)reserved3．—Whowillbethewinnerofthegameshow?—Noonecanknowtheresultuntilit________tomorrowmorning.A．willbeannounced B．willannounce C．isannounced D．a(chǎn)nnounces4．—Willyoucometothedinnerparty?—Iwon’tcomeuntilAlice_______.A．willbeinvited B．willinvite C．isinvited D．invites5．—Whenwillyouhandinyourreportonfilms,Nancy?—Notuntilit________nextweek,Sir.A．finishes B．willfinish C．isfinished D．willbefinished6．MissZhang______byallofusbecausehisclassesarealways______andinteresting.A．loves,lively B．loves,living C．isloved,lively D．isloved,living7．Youcangetmoneybackiftheplay________becauseofunknownsituations.A．cancels B．willcancel C．iscancelled D．willbecancelled8．—UncleWang,mayIvisitthemuseumwithyou?—OK,dear,ifyourhomework________.A．isfinished B．hasfinished C．wasfinished D．willfinish9．—Mum,canIgototheBifengxiaZoowithJackthisweekend?—Whenyourhomework________,youcan.A．isdone B．washandedinC．willbecompleted D．hadbeenfinished10．Wheneveryou________,paynoattentiontoit.Believeinyourself.Youarethebestandonly.A．laughat B．belaughedat C．beinglaughed D．a(chǎn)relaughedat一般過去時的被動語態(tài)【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】概念:表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，主語是動作的承受者。句型結(jié)構(gòu):1.肯定句:主語+was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他。Hewaschosentoworkforthevillage.他被選上為這個村莊工作。2.否定句:主語+was/were+not+及物動詞的過去分詞十其他。Hewasn'tchosentoworkforthevillage.他沒有被選上為這個村莊工作。3.一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語+was/were.否定回答:No,主語+was/were+not.—Washechosentoworkforthevillage?他被選上為這個村莊工作了嗎?—Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.是的,他被選上了。/不,他沒被選上。4.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他?Whenwasthepicturetaken?這張照片是什么時候拍的?★注意1.主動句中若有雙賓語,則將其中一個賓語作為被動句的主語,另一個賓語不變。[動詞make,buy,get的間接賓語(指人)前用for;動詞give,send,lend則用to]。2.不使用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況:(1)不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語不能用被動語態(tài),如:die,happen,takeplace等;(2)感官動詞、某些系動詞沒有被動語態(tài),如:feel,become,look,seem等;(3)有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。Thispenwriteswell.這支鋼筆很好寫。【鞏固練習】1．Asweknow,theworld’sfirstseismograph(地動儀)_________intheEasternHanDynastybyZhangHeng.A．invents B．invented C．isinvented D．wasinvented2．The81stWorldScienceFictionConvention(大會)________successfullyinChengdulastOctober.A．held B．washeld C．washolding3．Thetelephone________in1876.A．invented B．isinvented C．wasinvented D．wereinvented4．—HowbeautifulDayingisnow!—Greatchanges________inDayingsinceit________in1997.A．havetakenplace;wasfounded B．hastakenplace;wasfoundedC．havebeentakenplace;founded D．tookplace;founded5．Beforethemeetingstarted,thespeaker________towaitoutofthehall.A．isasked B．wasasked C．a(chǎn)sked D．a(chǎn)sks6．Manynewbooks________tochildreninthevillagelastweek.A．sent B．a(chǎn)resent C．wassent D．weresent7．Thebooks________tothepoorchildrenlastweek.A．wasgiven B．gave C．weregiven D．give8．—WhyhaveIneverseenthiskindof5Gmobilephone?—Becauseit________byHuaweilastweek.A．wasproduced B．produced C．hasproduced D．wasproducing9．—Oh,theroomistoodirty,Tony!—Sorry,Mom.It________yesterday.Iforgottodoit.A．didn’tclean B．isn’tcleaned C．cleaned D．wasn’tcleaned10．AI(人工智能)hashadagreatinfluenceonourleaningwayssinceit________.A．introduce B．introduced C．isintroduced D．wasintroduced情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】（一）、語法概述含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成是：情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞。?？嫉那閼B(tài)動詞有：should,can/could,must,may/might,need（二）、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句主語＋情態(tài)動詞＋bedone（＋by＋賓語）否定句主語＋情態(tài)動詞＋not＋bedone（＋by＋賓語)一般疑問句情態(tài)動詞＋主語＋bedone（＋by＋賓語)特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞＋情態(tài)動詞＋主語＋bedone（＋by＋賓語)【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】Eg.EnglishmustbeusedintheEnglishclub.在英語俱樂部必須使用英語。Magazinescan’tbetakenoutofthelibrary.不能把雜志帶出圖書館。Shouldtherulesbechanged?這些規(guī)章制度應(yīng)該改嗎？Whencanthebridgebecompleted?這座橋什么時候能夠完工？（三）含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句和被動句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1.把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z；2.把主動句中的謂語變?yōu)椤扒閼B(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”；3.主動句的主語在被動句中變?yōu)閎y的賓語；4.其他成分不變?！眷柟叹毩暋?．Moremistakes________andcorrectedifyougooverthepapercarefullyforthesecondtime.A．a(chǎn)refound B．havebeenfound C．canbefound D．willfind2．—It’stoodifficulttogettotheothersideoftheriver.—Ithinkabridge________overtheriver.A．shouldbebuilt B．shouldbuild C．willbuild D．wasbuilt3．Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork_________today.A．maydo B．mustdo C．cando D．mustbedone4．Thetrafficissobusyinourcitythatmorenewroads__________.A．shouldbebuilt B．shouldbuild C．havebuilt D．build5．DuringtheTangDynasty,nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld______onthestreetsofChang’an.A．found B．isfound C．willbefound D．couldbefound6．—Tomisalwayscarelesswithhishomework.Couldyouhelphim?—Noproblem!Ithinkhe________tothinktwicebeforestarting.A．canbetelling B．cantell C．shouldtell D．shouldbetold7．—Theproject________bytheendofnextmonth.Canyoufinishit?—OfcourseIcan.A．mustcomplete B．mustbecompleted C．completed D．wascompleted8．—Ithinkcooking________asanimportantpartofeducationinChina.—Iagree.Allofusshouldlearntocook.A．mustregard B．mustberegardedC．mustn’tregard D．mustn’tberegarded9．DuringtheTangDynasty(唐朝),nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．canfind B．couldfind C．canbefound D．couldbefound10．Ourteachersaidthatourhomeworkmust________tomorrow.A．handin B．behandin C．behandedin D．handedin一、完形填空請認真閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項.MichaelStonealwaysdreamedofflying.Hismothertoldhimmanystoriesandthey1hisdreamswithcolorandbeauty.2hisdadonlybelievedinhardwork.Healwayssaid,“Dreamsdependonhardwork!”Fromtheageof14,Michaelstartedtotrainasapolevaulter(撐桿跳高運動員).Hepractisedweightlifting(舉重)andrunningeveryday,andhealsohelpedhisparentswith3farmwork.Hismotherthoughthewastootiredandwishedhecould4abitmore.However,hisfatherwouldsay,“Ifyouwant5,workforit!”NowMichaelwasstandinginthesportscenter6oneofthefinalvaultersintheNationalJuniorOlympics.7somewarm-upexercise,hepickeduphispole,andsteppedontherunway.Suddenlyhebecame8.Heneverexperiencedthisbefore.Thenhethoughtofhismother.She9toldhimtotakeadeepbreathwhenhefeltnervous.Sohedid.Slowlytheuncomfortable10wasgone.Hegentlyputdownhispole,andbegantostretch(伸展)outhisarmsandlegs.Andthen,he11pickeduphispoleagain.Heknewitwashistimetofly.Hetookadeepbreathandbegansprinting(沖刺)downtherunway.Ithappened!Hebeganto12,justlikeinhischildhooddreams.Onlythistimeheknewhewasn’tdreaming.TheloudcheersbroughtMichaelback.Hecouldimaginethe13onhisparents’faces.Hislifewouldneverbethesame.Itwasn’tbecausehewontheNationalJuniorOlympicsand14anewworldrecord.Anditwasn’tbecausehejustreachedhispersonal15.ItwassimplybecauseMichaelStonewasblind.1．A．filled B．left C．put D．told2．A．Also B．So C．But D．Or3．A．his B．her C．their D．our4．A．help B．relax C．improve D．practice5．A．everything B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．something6．A．for B．a(chǎn)s C．to D．a(chǎn)mong7．A．After B．Before C．During D．When8．A．excited B．shy C．nervous D．energetic9．A．a(chǎn)lways B．seldom C．hardly D．never10．A．smell B．memory C．taste D．feeling11．A．politely B．carefully C．clearly D．easily12．A．jump B．fly C．run D．cry13．A．a(chǎn)nger B．sadness C．smile D．pain14．A．kept B．broke C．found D．set15．A．best B．farthest C．worst D．most二、閱讀理解AAccordingtoanewstudy,birdsarebuildingtheirnests(巢)withrubbish.Therubbishincludescigarettebutts(煙頭)andplasticbags.AgroupofEuropeanscientistslookedintoabout35,000studiesonbirdnests.Theyfoundthatbirdshaveusedman-madethingsinnestsalmosteverywhereonEarthexceptAntarctica.Somerubbishseemstobehelpful.Thisiswhybirds“l(fā)ike”puttingitintheirnests.Forexample,cigarettebuttshavesomechemicals(化學品),sotheycankeepinsectsawayandprotecttheyoungbirds.Plasticbagsareusefulinkeepingtheanimalswarm,andotherhardthings,suchaspapercards,canmakenestsstronger.However,intheend,humanrubbishmayonlybringmoreharmtobirds.Thetoxic(毒的)chemicalsincigaretteshurtthetheyoungbirds.Theymaygetsickorhaveshorterlives,accordingtoa2014study.Tomakemattersworse,ifthecigarettestillburnswhenthebirdbringsitbacktoitshome,itmaysetfiretothenest.Piecesoffishingnetmayalsotrap(纏住)birds,andit’simpossibleforthemtogetoutbythemselves.Iftheyoungbirdseatotherkindsofrubbishbyaccident,theywillalsogethurt.Ourfriendsintheairarefeelingthebadeffectsofhumanspollutingtheenvironment.16．TheEuropeanscientistsfoundthat________.A．thereishumanrubbishinthenestsofmanybirdsB．somepeoplehelpbirdsbuildtheirnestsbyhandC．therearealmostnobirdslivinginAntarcticaD．birdscanhelphumanscleantheenvironment17．Howcancigarettebutts“help”birds?A．Theycanmakenestsstronger. B．Theycankeepbirdswarm.C．Theycanstopinsectsgettingclose. D．Theycanbethebirds’goodfood.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph4referto?A．Humans. B．Birds. C．Chemicals. D．Rubbish.19．Wherewillweprobablyreadthepassage?A．Inatravelguide. B．Onaparentingwebsite.C．Inastorybook. D．Inanewspaper.B“I’vetoldyouamilliontimes:putyourdirtyclothesaway!”“Gotodoyourhomeworkrightnow!”20Manyofyoumayanswer“yes”.Anyway,therearemanychancestodriveyourparentsangry.Parentsbecomeangryandupsetformanyreasons.Sometimesthey’rethinkingabouttheirownexperiences.Forexample,someparentsdidpoorlyinschoolwhentheywerekids,andtheyworrythattheirkidswillgetbadgradesjustliketheydid.Parentsalsoworryaboutmistakestheymayhavemadeinraisingtheirchildren.Iftheirkidsdosomethingwrong,theparentsmightthinktheydidn’tteachtheirkidswellenough.21Iftheirsonordaughterspendsanhouradayplayingvideogamesnow,whatwillhappeninfiveyears?Itseemslikeparentscanbeunreasonable(不明理的)sometimes,buttheyarejusthopingforthebestforyou.22Hereissomeadviceonhowtohaveastrongerrelationshipwithyourparents.Thesedays,it’seasytosendamessageortalkonline.Butface-to-facecommunicationisstillimportant.23Next,whenyoufindyourselfgettingangrywithyourparents,pause(暫停)andtrytorelaxbeforeyoucontinue.Putyourselfintheirshoes(換位思考)andtrytounderstandtheiropinions.Thenyoucantellthemyourneeds.24Butwithhealthycommunicationandunderstanding,maybenexttimeitdoesn’thavetoleadtoafight.A．Parentsalsoworryaboutthefuture.B．Whatcausesyourparentstogetsoangry?C．Doyouoftenheartheseangrywordsfromyourparents?D．Takeafewminutesadaytositdownandtalkwithyourparents.E．Agoodrelationshipwithyourparentscanmakethemlessworried.F．Dirtyclothesonthefloorwillprobablystilldriveyourparentscrazy.1．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Studentsinourschool________toswimintheriversorlakesalone.—That’strue.Afterall,safetymustcomefirst.A．a(chǎn)llow B．don’tallow C．a(chǎn)ren’tallowed D．isallowed2．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecharacter.It________bypeopleofallages.A．isloved B．wasloved C．willlove D．isloving3．（2023·遼寧丹東·中考真題）Teaisverypopularintheworld.It________inmanydifferentareasinChinanow.A．produces B．produced C．isproduced D．wasproduced4．（2023·北京·中考真題）Theparkisgettingmoreandmorebeautifulbecausemorekindsofflowers________everyyear.A．a(chǎn)replanted B．wereplanted C．plant D．planted5．（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—Whatlanguage________inGermany?—MostpeoplespeakGerman,butmanycanspeakEnglish,too.A．speak B．isspoken C．isspeaking D．speaks6．（2023·河北·中考真題）Breakfast________everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A．provides B．provided C．isprovided D．wasprovided7．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Whatamess!Thesharingbikes________everywhere.—Let’scollectandputthemintherightplacesothattheycanbeusedconvenientl