2024年考研英語(yǔ)（一）試題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)There'sacommonviewthatgoodisitsownreward,andthatpeoplewhodogoodare_1_tobehappier.Theevidence,however,ismixed.Somestudiesfinda_2_betweenhelpingothersandlifesatisfaction,whileothersfindnosuchlink.Oneexplanationforthis_3_isthattheimpactofhelpingothersdependsonthe_4_oftheact.Whenpeoplehelpothers_5_,theymaygainmoresatisfaction.Forexample,volunteeringatalocalsoupkitchenbecauseyou_6_tohelpthecommunitycanbemorerewardingthandoingitbecauseyourboss_7_youto.Intrinsicmotivation,ordoingsomethingforitsown_8_,isoftenassociatedwithgreaterwellbeing.Ontheotherhand,whenpeoplehelpothers_9_,theymaynotgetasmuchoutofit.Extrinsicmotivation,suchasdoingsomethingfor_10_orpraise,canreducethesenseofpersonalfulfillment.Ifyouvolunteerjusttoputitonyourresume,youmightnot_11_theexperienceasmuch.Moreover,the_12_ofthehelpalsomatters.Helpingsomeonewhoistrulyinneedcanbemore_13_thanhelpingsomeonewhojustwantsalittleassistance.Forinstance,providingfinancialaidtoafamily_14_byanaturaldisastercanbringmoresatisfactionthanhelpingafriendmoveacouch.Finally,the_15_ofthehelpcaninfluencethehelper'swellbeing.Ifthehelpleadstoapositive_16_,suchasapersongettingbackontheirfeet,thehelperislikelytofeelgood.Butifthehelpdoesn'tseemto_17_,thehelpermayfeeldisappointed.Inconclusion,therelationshipbetweenhelpingothersandhappinessis_18_.Itdependsonthemotivation,thenature,andtheoutcomeofthehelpingact.Understandingthesefactorscanhelpus_19_oureffortstodogoodinawaythat_20_ourownwellbeing.1.A.forcedB.expectedC.allowedD.advised2.A.connectionB.differenceC.conflictD.similarity3.A.mysteryB.debateC.contradictionD.confusion4.A.motivationB.occasionC.resultD.difficulty5.A.instinctivelyB.reluctantlyC.voluntarilyD.randomly6.A.agreeB.pretendC.happenD.want7.A.invitedB.orderedC.remindedD.encouraged8.A.sakeB.wayC.timeD.turn9.A.secretlyB.indirectlyC.externallyD.suddenly10.A.permissionB.fameC.knowledgeD.support11.A.arrangeB.recallC.evaluateD.enjoy12.A.qualityB.natureC.sourceD.amount13.A.beneficialB.responsibleC.flexibleD.effective14.A.affectedB.informedC.representedD.protected15.A.costB.outcomeC.processD.experience16.A.solutionB.responseC.decisionD.change17.A.workB.spreadC.continueD.matter18.A.complicatedB.interestingC.importantD.direct19.A.balanceB.justifyC.recordD.double20.A.predictsB.improvesC.ignoresD.sacrificesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Thegigeconomyhastransformedthewaywework.Inthegigeconomy,individualstakeonshortterm,freelancejobsinsteadoftraditionalfulltimeemployment.Thisshifthasbothpositiveandnegativeimplications.Onthepositiveside,thegigeconomyoffersflexibility.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork.Forexample,agraphicdesignercantakeonprojectsfromclientsaroundtheworld,workingfromhomeattheirownpace.Thisflexibilityisespeciallyappealingtothosewhowanttobalanceworkwithotheraspectsoftheirlives,suchascaringforfamilymembersorpursuingpersonalhobbies.Anotheradvantageisthepotentialforincreasedincome.Gigworkerscanoftentakeonmultiplejobssimultaneously,whichcanleadtohigherearningscomparedtoasinglefulltimejob.Forinstance,asoftwaredevelopercanworkondifferentprojectsforvariousclients,eachpayingafeeforthecompletedwork.However,thegigeconomyalsohasitsdrawbacks.Onemajorissueisjobinsecurity.Gigworkersdonothavethesamelevelofjobprotectionastraditionalemployees.Theymaynothaveasteadystreamofwork,andtheirincomecanbeunpredictable.Forexample,aridesharedriver'searningscanfluctuatedependingonfactorssuchasthetimeofday,thelocation,andthedemandforrides.Lackofbenefitsisanotherproblem.Gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidvacation,orretirementplansfromtheiremployers.Thiscanputthematafinancialdisadvantage,especiallyinthelongrun.Forexample,ifagigworkergetssick,theymayhavetopayformedicalexpensesoutoftheirownpocket.Inaddition,gigworkersoftenfacechallengesintermsofcareerdevelopment.Withoutatraditionalemployertoprovidetrainingandsupport,itcanbedifficultforthemtoacquirenewskillsandadvanceintheirfields.Forexample,afreelancewritermaystruggletolearnaboutthelatestwritingtechniqueswithoutaccesstoformaltrainingprograms.21.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thegigeconomyisanewformofemployment.B.Thegigeconomyhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C.Gigworkersenjoymoreflexibilitythantraditionalemployees.D.Gigworkersfacevariouschallengesintheircareers.22.Theflexibilityofthegigeconomyisattractivetothosewho_.A.wanttoearnmoremoneyB.needasteadyincomeC.wanttobalanceworkandlifeD.prefertoworkinateam23.Whichofthefollowingisadisadvantageofthegigeconomy?A.Workerscanchoosetheirownworkinghours.B.Workerscantakeonmultiplejobs.C.Workerslackjobsecurity.D.Workershavemorecareeropportunities.24.Gigworkersmayhavetopayformedicalexpensesthemselvesbecause_.A.theydonothavehealthinsuranceB.theyearnlessthantraditionalemployeesC.theychoosetoworkindependentlyD.theydonotcontributetotheinsurancesystem25.Theauthormentionstheexampleofafreelancewritertoshowthat_.A.gigworkersneedmoresupportfromclientsB.gigworkershavedifficultyincareerdevelopmentC.freelancewritingisachallengingprofessionD.formaltrainingprogramsareimportantforwritersText2Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingconcernabouttheenvironmentalimpactoffastfashion.Fastfashionreferstotherapidproductionandconsumptionofinexpensive,trendyclothing.Theindustryhasgrownexponentially,withretailersconstantlyintroducingnewstylestokeepupwiththelatestfashiontrends.Oneofthemainenvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithfastfashionisthelargeamountoftextilewasteitgenerates.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingendupinlandfills.Muchofthiswasteismadeupofsyntheticfibers,whicharenotbiodegradableandcantakehundredsofyearstobreakdown.Anotherissueisthehighwaterconsumptionintheproductionoffastfashionclothing.Thetextileindustryisoneofthemostwaterintensiveindustriesintheworld.Fromgrowingthecottontodyeingandfinishingthefabric,largeamountsofwaterareusedateverystageoftheproductionprocess.Inaddition,theuseofchemicalsintextileproductionisasignificantconcern.Manychemicals,suchasdyesandpesticides,areusedtomaketheclothinglookgoodandlastlonger.Thesechemicalscanpollutewatersources,soil,andair,andcanalsohavenegativeimpactsonhumanhealth.Toaddresstheseproblems,someconsumersareturningtosustainablefashion.Sustainablefashionfocusesonreducingtheenvironmentalimpactofclothingproductionandconsumption.Itincludespracticessuchasusingorganiccotton,recyclingoldclothing,andsupportingethicalfashionbrands.However,thetransitiontosustainablefashionisnotwithoutchallenges.Oneofthemainchallengesisthehighercostofsustainableclothing.Organiccottonandothersustainablematerialsareoftenmoreexpensivethantheirconventionalcounterparts.Thiscanmakeitdifficultforsomeconsumerstoaffordsustainablefashion.Anotherchallengeisthelackofawarenessamongconsumers.Manypeoplearenotfullyawareoftheenvironmentalimpactoffastfashionorthebenefitsofsustainablefashion.Thislackofawarenesscanpreventthemfrommakingmoresustainablechoices.26.Whatisthemainproblemwithfastfashionmentionedinthetext?A.Itistooexpensiveformostconsumers.B.Itgeneratesalargeamountoftextilewaste.C.Itdoesnotfollowthelatestfashiontrends.D.Itdoesnotuseenoughsyntheticfibers.27.Thetextileindustryiswaterintensivebecause_.A.itusesalotofwaterateverystageofproductionB.itgrowsalargeamountofcottonC.itdyesandfinishesthefabricD.itneedstocleantheclothing28.ChemicalsusedintextileproductioncancauseallofthefollowingproblemsEXCEPT_.A.waterpollutionB.soilpollutionC.airpollutionD.noisepollution29.Oneofthechallengesinthetransitiontosustainablefashionis_.A.thelackoftrendystylesB.thelowqualityofsustainablematerialsC.thehighcostofsustainableclothingD.thelimitedavailabilityofsustainablebrands30.Theauthorimpliesthattopromotesustainablefashion,consumersneedto_.A.havemoremoneytospendB.bemoreawareofitsbenefitsC.demandmoretrendystylesD.supportthefastfashionindustryText3Thedigitalagehasbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinthewayweaccessandconsumeinformation.Oneofthemostnotablechangesistheriseofsocialmediaplatforms.Theseplatformshavebecomeamajorsourceofnewsandinformationformanypeoplearoundtheworld.However,theroleofsocialmediainthespreadofmisinformationhasbecomeagrowingconcern.Misinformation,orfalseinformationthatisspreadunintentionally,anddisinformation,whichisfalseinformationspreaddeliberately,arewidespreadonsocialmedia.Thereareseveralreasonsforthespreadofmisinformationonsocialmedia.Firstly,thespeedatwhichinformationspreadsonsocialmediaisextremelyfast.Asinglepostcanreachmillionsofpeoplewithinseconds.Thisrapidspreadmakesitdifficulttoverifytheaccuracyofinformationbeforeitgoesviral.Secondly,socialmediaalgorithmsaredesignedtoshowuserscontentthattheyarelikelytoengagewith.Thisoftenmeansshowinguserscontentthatalignswiththeirexistingbeliefsandinterests.Asaresult,usersaremorelikelytoseeandsharemisinformationthatconfirmstheirpreexistingviews.Thirdly,theanonymityprovidedbysocialmediaallowsuserstospreadmisinformationwithoutfearofimmediateconsequences.Theycancreatefakeaccountsandspreadfalseinformationwithoutbeingeasilyidentified.Tocombatthespreadofmisinformationonsocialmedia,severalstrategieshavebeenproposed.Oneapproachistoimprovemedialiteracyamongusers.Medialiteracyeducationcanhelpuserstocriticallyevaluatetheinformationtheyseeonsocialmedia,identifymisinformation,andmakemoreinformeddecisions.Anotherstrategyisforsocialmediaplatformstotakemoreresponsibility.Theycanuseadvancedalgorithmstodetectandremovemisinformationfromtheirplatforms.Theycanalsoprovideuserswithfactcheckingtoolsandlabelstohelpthemdistinguishbetweentrueandfalseinformation.31.Whatisthemainconcernaboutsocialmediainthetext?A.Ithaschangedthewayweaccessinformation.B.Itisamajorsourceofnewsformanypeople.C.Itspreadsmisinformationanddisinformation.D.Ithasanegativeimpactonsocialrelationships.32.Whyisitdifficulttoverifytheaccuracyofinformationonsocialmedia?A.Informationspreadstooquickly.B.Socialmediaalgorithmsareunreliable.C.Usersarenotinterestedinaccurateinformation.D.Thereistoomuchinformationonsocialmedia.33.Socialmediaalgorithmstendtoshowuserscontentthat_.A.ispopularamongthegeneralpublicB.isrelatedtotheirinterestsC.isfactcheckedD.isagainsttheirbeliefs34.Theanonymityonsocialmediaallowsusersto_.A.expresstheirtruefeelingsfreelyB.connectwithmorepeopleC.spreadmisinformationeasilyD.createhighqualitycontent35.Tocombatmisinformationonsocialmedia,usersshould_.A.relymoreonsocialmediaalgorithmsB.improvetheirmedialiteracyC.avoidusingsocialmediaD.trusttheinformationtheyseeText4Theconceptofartificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenaroundfordecades,butrecentadvancementshavebroughtAIintothemainstream.AIreferstothedevelopmentofcomputersystemsthatcanperformtasksthattypicallyrequirehumanintelligence,suchaslearning,problemsolving,anddecisionmaking.OneofthemostsignificantapplicationsofAIisinthefieldofhealthcare.AIcanbeusedtoanalyzelargeamountsofmedicaldata,suchaspatientrecords,imagingresults,andgeneticinformation.Thisanalysiscanhelpdoctorstomakemoreaccuratediagnosesanddeveloppersonalizedtreatmentplans.Forexample,AIpoweredalgorithmscandetectearlysignsofdiseaseslikecancerbyanalyzingmedicalimages.Inthebusinessworld,AIisbeingusedtoimproveefficiencyandproductivity.CompaniesareusingAIbasedchatbotstohandlecustomerinquiries,whichcansavetimeandresources.AIcanalsoanalyzemarkettrendsandcustomerbehavior,helpingcompaniestomakebetterinformeddecisionsaboutproductdevelopmentandmarketingstrategies.However,thewidespreaduseofAIalsoraisesseveralethicalconcerns.Oneofthemainconcernsisjobdisplacement.AsAIsystemsbecomemorecapableofperformingtasksthatwerepreviouslydonebyhumans,thereisariskthatmanyjobswillbeautomated,leadingtounemployment.AnotherethicalissueisbiasinAIalgorithms.AIalgorithmsaretrainedonlargedatasets,andifthesedatasetscontainbiases,thealgorithmswillalsoproducebiasedresults.Forexample,facialrecognitiontechnologyhasbeenshowntohavehighererrorratesforpeoplewithdarkerskintones,whichisaresultofbiasinthetrainingdata.Inaddition,thereareconcernsaboutprivacyandsecurity.AIsystemsoftencollectandprocesslargeamountsofpersonaldata,whichcanbevulnerabletohackingandmisuse.36.WhathasbroughtAIintothemainstream?A.DecadesofresearchonAI.B.RecentadvancementsinAI.C.Theneedforhealthcareinnovation.D.Thedemandforbusinessefficiency.37.HowisAIusedinhealthcare?A.Ithelpsdoctorstomakeaccuratediagnoses.B.Itreplacesdoctorsintreatingpatients.C.Itprovidesmedicaltrainingtodoctors.D.Itreducesthecostofmedicaltreatment.38.Inthebusinessworld,AIbasedchatbotsareusedto_.A.analyzemarkettrendsB.handlecustomerinquiriesC.developnewproductsD.trainemployees39.OneoftheethicalconcernsaboutAIis_.A.thecomplexityofAIalgorithmsB.thelackoftransparencyinAIsystemsC.thepotentialforjobdisplacementD.thehighcostofdevelopingAI40.Facialrecognitiontechnologyhashighererrorratesforpeoplewithdarkerskintonesbecause_.A.thetechnologyisnotwelldevelopedB.thetrainingdatacontainsbiasesC.peoplewithdarkerskintonesarelesscooperativeD.thealgorithmsarenotoptimizedforthisgroupPartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions4145,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistAGtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thehistoryofhumancommunicationisastoryofcontinuousinnovation.Fromtheearlydaysoforalcommunicationtothedevelopmentofwriting,printing,andtheinternet,eachnewtechnologyhastransformedthewayweinteractwithoneanother.Theinventionofwritingwasamajormilestoneinhumancommunication._41_Itallowedpeopletorecordinformation,passonknowledge,andcommunicateacrosstimeandspace.Writingsystemsdevelopedindependentlyindifferentpartsoftheworld,suchasMesopotamia,Egypt,andChina.Theprintingpress,inventedinthe15thcentury,wasanotherrevolutionarydevelopment._42_Beforetheprintingpress,bookswerecopiedbyhand,whichwasaslowandexpensiveprocess.Theprintingpressmadeitpossibletoproducebooksinlargequantities,makingknowledgemoreaccessibletothegeneralpublic.The19thcenturysawtheemergenceoftelegraphyandtelephony.Thesetechnologiesenabledlongdistancecommunicationinrealtime._43_ThetelegraphusedMorsecodetotransmitmessages,whilethetelephoneallowedpeopletohavevoiceconversationsoverlongdistances.The20thcenturybroughtaboutthedevelopmentofradioandtelevision.Thesemassmediatechnologieshadaprofoundimpactonsociety._44_Radioandtelevisionallowedpeopletoaccessnews,entertainment,andeducationalcontentfromaroundtheworld.Finally,theinternet,whichemergedinthelate20thcentury,hascompletelychangedthewaywecommunicate._45_Ithasconnectedpeoplefromallovertheworld,allowingforinstantcommunicationandthesharingofinformationonaglobalscale.A.Itmadeitpossibletosendmessagesoverlongdistancesalmostinstantly.B.Itenabledpeopletocommunicatewithothersindifferentlocationswithoutbeingphysicallypresent.C.Itwasasignificantimprovementoverthepreviousmethodsofcommunication.D.Itallowedforthemassproductionofwrittenmaterials,whichhadafarreachingimpactonsociety.E.Itprovidedameansofcommunicationthatwasfasterandmoreefficientthanwriting.F.Itallowedpeopletocommunicatewithalargeaudiencesimultaneously,breakingdowngeographicalbarriers.G.Itrepresentedashiftfromoraltowrittencommunication,whichhadaprofoundimpactonhumansociety.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)(46)Theabilitytothinkcriticallyisoneofthemostimportantskillsintoday'scomplexandrapidlychangingworld.Criticalthinkingallowsustoanalyzeinformationobjectively,evaluatearguments,andmakeinformeddecisions.(47)Ineducation,criticalthinkingisoftenemphasizedasakeycomponentofawellroundededucation.Teachersencouragestudentstoquestionassumptions,examineevidence,andconsiderdifferentperspectives.Bydevelopingcriticalthinkingskills,studentscanbecomemoreindependentlearnersandbetterpreparedforthechallengesofthefuture.(48)Intheprofessionalworld,criticalthinkingisequallyimportant.Employersvalueemployeeswhocanthinkcritically,solveproblems,andadapttonewsituations.Forexample,inthefieldofbusiness,criticalthinkingcanhelpmanagersanalyzemarkettrends,makestrategicdecisions,andidentifyopportunitiesforgrowth.(49)However,criticalthinkingisnotsomethingthatcomesnaturallytoeveryone.Itrequirespractice,patience,andawillingnesstochallengeone'sownbeliefs.Peopleneedtolearnhowtoapproachproblemssystematically,breakthemdownintosmallerparts,andevaluatetheevidenceobjectively.(50)Moreover,criticalthinkingisnotjustaboutbeingskepticalorargumentative.Itisaboutseekingthetruth,understandingdifferentviewpoints,andmakingdecisionsbasedonsoundreasoning.Bycultivatingcriticalthinkingskills,wecanbecomemorerationalandeffectivethinkersinallaspectsofourlives.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Youareastudentatauniversity.Youhavenoticedthatthecampuslibraryhassomeproblems,suchasalackofupdatedbooksandlongwaitingtimesforborrowingbooks.Writeanemailtothelibrarymanagerto:1)pointouttheproblems;2)suggestsolutions;3)expressyourhopeforimprovement.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.PartB52.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly;2)interpretitsintendedmeaning;3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout160200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(Thedrawingshowstwopeoplelookingatahalffilledglassofwater.Onepersonissmilingandsaying“There'sstillhalfleft!”,whiletheotherisfrowningandsaying“Onlyhalfleft!”)2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)（一）答案SectionIUseofEnglish1.B。根據(jù)前文“There'sacommonviewthatgoodisitsownreward”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為做好事的人會(huì)更快樂(lè)，所以做好事的人“被期望”更快樂(lè)，“beexpectedto”表示“被期望做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境?！癰eforcedto”意為“被迫做某事”；“beallowedto”意為“被允許做某事”；“beadvisedto”意為“被建議做某事”，均不符合文意。2.A。后文提到“whileothersfindnosuchlink”，說(shuō)明一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助他人和生活滿意度之間存在“聯(lián)系”，“connection”表示“聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”，符合題意?！癲ifference”意為“差異”；“conflict”意為“沖突”；“similarity”意為“相似性”，均不符合語(yǔ)境。3.C。前文提到一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有聯(lián)系，另一些研究卻沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一種“矛盾”情況，“contradiction”表示“矛盾，不一致”，符合文意?！癿ystery”意為“神秘事物”；“debate”意為“辯論”；“confusion”意為“困惑”，均不準(zhǔn)確。4.A。后文從內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)和外在動(dòng)機(jī)兩方面闡述幫助他人的影響，所以這里說(shuō)幫助他人的影響取決于行為的“動(dòng)機(jī)”，“motivation”表示“動(dòng)機(jī)”，正確?！皁ccasion”意為“場(chǎng)合”；“result”意為“結(jié)果”；“difficulty”意為“困難”，均不符合。5.C。根據(jù)后文舉例“volunteeringatalocalsoupkitchen”可知，當(dāng)人們“自愿”幫助他人時(shí)，可能會(huì)獲得更多滿足感，“voluntarily”表示“自愿地”，符合語(yǔ)境。“instinctively”意為“本能地”；“reluctantly”意為“不情愿地”；“randomly”意為“隨機(jī)地”，均不符合。6.D?！皐anttodosth.”表示“想要做某事”，這里說(shuō)因?yàn)槟恪跋搿睅椭鐓^(qū)而去當(dāng)?shù)厥┲嗵幾鲋驹刚邥?huì)更有回報(bào)，符合文意?！癮greetodosth.”意為“同意做某事”；“pretendtodosth.”意為“假裝做某事”；“happentodosth.”意為“碰巧做某事”，均不符合。7.B。與前文出于自愿形成對(duì)比，這里說(shuō)因?yàn)槔习濉懊睢蹦闳プ鼍筒蝗缱栽缸鲇谢貓?bào)，“ordered”表示“命令”，符合語(yǔ)境?！癷nvited”意為“邀請(qǐng)”；“reminded”意為“提醒”；“encouraged”意為“鼓勵(lì)”，均不符合。8.A?！癴oritsownsake”表示“為了其自身的緣故”，內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)就是為了事情本身去做，符合文意?！皐ay”意為“方式”；“time”意為“時(shí)間”；“turn”意為“輪流”，均不符合。9.C。與前文的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)相對(duì)，這里說(shuō)當(dāng)人們出于“外在”動(dòng)機(jī)幫助他人時(shí)，可能得不到那么多收獲，“externally”表示“外在地”，符合語(yǔ)境?！皊ecretly”意為“秘密地”；“indirectly”意為“間接地”；“suddenly”意為“突然地”，均不符合。10.B。“fame”表示“名聲，名望”，外在動(dòng)機(jī)比如為了“名聲”或贊揚(yáng)而做某事，會(huì)降低個(gè)人成就感，符合文意。“permission”意為“許可”；“knowledge”意為“知識(shí)”；“support”意為“支持”，均不符合。11.D。如果你只是為了寫(xiě)在簡(jiǎn)歷上而做志愿者，你可能不會(huì)那么“享受”這個(gè)經(jīng)歷，“enjoy”表示“享受”，符合語(yǔ)境?！癮rrange”意為“安排”；“recall”意為“回憶”；“evaluate”意為“評(píng)估”，均不符合。12.B。后文通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明幫助真正有需要的人和只需要一點(diǎn)幫助的人是不同的，這說(shuō)的是幫助的“性質(zhì)”，“nature”表示“性質(zhì)”，符合文意?！皅uality”意為“質(zhì)量”；“source”意為“來(lái)源”；“amount”意為“數(shù)量”，均不符合。13.A。幫助真正有需要的人比幫助只需要一點(diǎn)幫助的人更“有益”，“beneficial”表示“有益的”，符合語(yǔ)境?！皉esponsible”意為“負(fù)責(zé)的”；“flexible”意為“靈活的”；“effective”意為“有效的”，均不符合。14.A?！癰eaffectedby”表示“受到……的影響”，這里說(shuō)為受自然災(zāi)害“影響”的家庭提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助會(huì)帶來(lái)更多滿足感，符合文意?！癷nformed”意為“被告知”；“represented”意為“代表”；“protected”意為“被保護(hù)”，均不符合。15.B。后文提到如果幫助帶來(lái)積極“結(jié)果”，幫助者會(huì)感覺(jué)良好，所以這里說(shuō)幫助的“結(jié)果”會(huì)影響幫助者的幸福感，“outcome”表示“結(jié)果”，符合題意。“cost”意為“成本”；“process”意為“過(guò)程”；“experience”意為“經(jīng)歷”，均不符合。16.D?！癱hange”表示“變化”，幫助帶來(lái)積極的“變化”，比如一個(gè)人重新站起來(lái)，幫助者會(huì)感覺(jué)好，符合文意。“solution”意為“解決方案”；“response”意為“回應(yīng)”；“decision”意為“決定”，均不符合。17.A?！皐ork”在這里表示“起作用，有效果”，如果幫助似乎“不起作用”，幫助者可能會(huì)失望，符合語(yǔ)境?！皊pread”意為“傳播”；“continue”意為“繼續(xù)”；“matter”意為“重要”，均不符合。18.A。前文從動(dòng)機(jī)、性質(zhì)和結(jié)果等方面說(shuō)明幫助他人和幸福的關(guān)系很復(fù)雜，“complicated”表示“復(fù)雜的”，符合文意?！癷nteresting”意為“有趣的”；“important”意為“重要的”；“direct”意為“直接的”，均不符合。19.A。“balance”表示“平衡”，理解這些因素能幫助我們“平衡”做好事的努力，以一種能“提高”我們自身幸福感的方式，符合文意?！癹ustify”意為“證明……合理”；“record”意為“記錄”；“double”意為“加倍”，均不符合。20.B?！癷mprove”表示“提高，改善”，以一種能“提高”我們自身幸福感的方式做好事，符合文意?！皃redicts”意為“預(yù)測(cè)”；“ignores”意為“忽視”；“sacrifices”意為“犧牲”，均不符合。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA21.B。文章既提到了零工經(jīng)濟(jì)提供靈活性、增加收入等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又指出了工作不穩(wěn)定、缺乏福利和職業(yè)發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn)等缺點(diǎn)，所以主要觀點(diǎn)是零工經(jīng)濟(jì)既有積極影響也有消極影響，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)只是提到零工經(jīng)濟(jì)是新的就業(yè)形式，沒(méi)有涵蓋其利弊；C選項(xiàng)只強(qiáng)調(diào)了靈活性這一優(yōu)點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)只提到了面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，均不全面。22.C。文中提到“Thisflexibilityisespeciallyappealingtothosewhowanttobalanceworkwithotheraspectsoftheirlives”，說(shuō)明零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的靈活性對(duì)那些想平衡工作和生活的人有吸引力，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)增加收入不是靈活性的吸引點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)零工經(jīng)濟(jì)收入不穩(wěn)定；D選項(xiàng)文中未提及團(tuán)隊(duì)工作，均不符合。23.C。文中明確指出“Onemajorissueisjobinsecurity”，工作不穩(wěn)定是零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)主要缺點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)選擇工作時(shí)間是優(yōu)點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)承擔(dān)多份工作可增加收入，是優(yōu)點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)與文中提到的職業(yè)發(fā)展困難相悖，均不符合。24.A。文中提到“Gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance...ifagigworkergetssick,theymayhavetopayformedicalexpensesoutoftheirownpocket”，說(shuō)明零工勞動(dòng)者因?yàn)闆](méi)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)所以可能要自己支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)文中未提及收入少；C選項(xiàng)選擇獨(dú)立工作不是支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的直接原因；D選項(xiàng)文中未提及未為保險(xiǎn)系統(tǒng)做貢獻(xiàn)，均不符合。25.B。文中提到自由撰稿人沒(méi)有傳統(tǒng)雇主提供培訓(xùn)和支持，難以學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)和在領(lǐng)域內(nèi)晉升，是為了說(shuō)明零工勞動(dòng)者在職業(yè)發(fā)展方面面臨困難，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)文中未提及需要客戶更多支持；C選項(xiàng)不是舉例的主要目的；D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有突出零工勞動(dòng)者這一主體，均不符合。26.B。文中明確指出“Oneofthemainenvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithfastfashionisthelargeamountoftextilewasteitgenerates”，快速時(shí)尚的主要問(wèn)題是產(chǎn)生大量紡織廢料，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)與文中快速時(shí)尚價(jià)格便宜相悖；C選項(xiàng)快速時(shí)尚緊跟時(shí)尚潮流；D選項(xiàng)文中提到大量使用合成纖維，均不符合。27.A。文中提到“Fromgrowingthecottontodyeingandfinishingthefabric,largeamountsofwaterareusedateverystageoftheproductionprocess”，說(shuō)明紡織業(yè)用水量大是因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)的每個(gè)階段都大量用水，A選項(xiàng)正確。B、C選項(xiàng)只是生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的一部分；D選項(xiàng)文中未提及清洗衣服用水，均不全面。28.D。文中提到化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)污染水源、土壤和空氣，對(duì)人類健康也有負(fù)面影響，但未提及會(huì)造成噪音污染，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。A、B、C選項(xiàng)均是文中提到的化學(xué)物質(zhì)帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。29.C。文中提到“Oneofthemainchallengesisthehighercostofsustainableclothing”，向可持續(xù)時(shí)尚轉(zhuǎn)型的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是可持續(xù)服裝成本更高，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)文中未提及缺乏時(shí)尚款式；B選項(xiàng)文中未提及可持續(xù)材料質(zhì)量低；D選項(xiàng)文中未提及可持續(xù)品牌供應(yīng)有限，均不符合。30.B。文中提到“Anotherchallengeisthelackofawarenessamongconsumers...Thislackofawarenesscanpreventthemfrommakingmoresustainablechoices”，說(shuō)明為了推廣可持續(xù)時(shí)尚，消費(fèi)者需要更多了解其好處，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)雖然成本高是挑戰(zhàn)，但不是作者暗示的主要方面；C選項(xiàng)與可