第二講應用文寫作滿分攻略無論是應用文寫作還是讀后續(xù)寫,都應具備兩個共同點:①語法結構和詞匯的豐富性和準確性;②上下文的連貫性。為了寫出高分作文,應恰當使用高級詞匯、句式和過渡銜接詞匯。滿分攻略一詞匯高級——吸引閱卷老師的眼球大眾化的詞匯、平庸的表達已使長時間工作的閱卷老師產(chǎn)生了視覺疲勞,寫作時恰當?shù)皿w地使用高中學過的,別人可能想不到的高級詞匯,會給閱卷老師耳目一新的感覺,從而提高文章的得分檔次。技法一少籠統(tǒng),多具體所謂“少籠統(tǒng),多具體”是指在寫作中盡量避免使用意義寬泛、模糊的詞,而要根據(jù)語境使用具體生動的詞?；\統(tǒng)詞具體詞veryextremely極其;especially尤其;particularly特別;尤其;greatly非常;大大地;highly非常;badly非常;terribly非常;morethan非常happydelighted快樂的;cheerful快樂的;joyful快樂的;pleased高興的;enjoyable令人愉悅的①Bernardandhisparentswereextremelygrateful.AndtheMeredithfamilyalsofeltdelightedtohelpthisfamily.伯納德和他的父母非常感激。梅瑞狄斯一家也很高興能幫助這個家庭?；\統(tǒng)詞具體詞importantvital至關重要的;significant意義重大的;essential必不可少的;key關鍵的;fundamental根本的;primary首要的;crucial至關重要的②Throughtheactivity,werealizeworkingwithourownhandsissignificant.通過這次活動,我們意識到用我們自己的雙手勞動具有重要意義?；\統(tǒng)詞具體詞beautifulattractive有吸引力的;appealing有吸引力的;elegant優(yōu)美的;charming迷人的③Thefarmissituatedatthefootofamountain,wheretheskyisblueandtheairisfresh.Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheattractivescenery.農(nóng)場坐落在山腳下,那里的天空碧藍,空氣清新。迷人的景色給我們留下了深刻的印象?；\統(tǒng)詞具體詞difficult/hardtough艱難的;棘手的;challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的;complex復雜的;難以理解的;puzzling/confusing令人困惑的;complicated復雜的④However,theadaptionisquitechallenging.然而改編非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性?；\統(tǒng)詞具體詞like/enjoy/lovecherish/treasure珍視;珍愛;bekeenon對……著迷;becrazyabout熱衷于;befondof/haveatastefor/haveapassion/goinfor喜愛;showgreatinterestin對……很感興趣⑤ChinahasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonChineseculture.對于那些熱衷于中國文化的人來說,中國一直具有吸引力。技法二短語優(yōu)先恰當?shù)剡x用一些貼切、地道的高級表達,尤其是短語,對提高寫作的得分檔次至關重要。所以考生不妨考慮在文章中使用較高級的表達,充分展現(xiàn)自己的語言功底。①Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermysuggestion.(2023·新課標Ⅰ,Ⅱ卷)→Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemysuggestionintoaccount/consideration.②Andeventually,wecanmasterwhatwedesiretolearn.(2021·全國乙卷)→Andeventually,wecanhaveagoodcommandofwhatwedesiretolearn.③Firstly,randomlypairingupstudentsmaycauseimbalancedlanguageabilitieswithinthegroups.(2023·新課標Ⅰ,Ⅱ卷)→Firstly,randomlypairingupstudentsmayleadto/resultinimbalancedlanguageabilitieswithinthegroups.技法三避免重復寫作時應盡量避免重復使用相同的詞語,要用貼切多樣的詞語來展示自己的詞匯水平。用詞不同、表達方式迥異,也是詞匯高級表達的體現(xiàn)。ManyinfluentialhistoricalfigureshaveappearedinChina’slonghistory,eachofwhommadegreatcontributionstotheprogressofsocietyintheirownway.(2023·全國甲卷)→NumerousinfluentialhistoricalfigureshaveemergedinChina’slonghistory,eachofwhommadetremendouscontributionstotheprogressofsocietyintheirownway.即時演練用高級詞匯替換黑體詞匯1.I’dliketosharewithyousomedetailsabout(regarding/concerning/relatedto)Chinesetablemanners.

2.I’mwritingtotell(inform)youthatwewillhaveavolleyballmatchnextmonth.3.Ifofferedthechance(opportunity)tobeavolunteer,Iwilldoitwellandliveuptoyourexpectations.4.Therewillbemany(various/avarietyof/varietiesof/alargenumberof)good(fantastic)performancesgivenbytalentedstudents.

5.Besides(Additionally/Moreover/Furthermore/Inaddition),you’dbetterbringsomemeaningfulgifts,suchasabunchofflowersorsomefreshfruits.

6.Remember(Bearinmind/Keepinmind)thatyoushouldavoidgettinghurtduringthetrainingandkeepabalanceddiet.

7.Imaster(haveagoodcommandof)spokenEnglish,thusmakingiteasyformetocommunicatewithvisitors.

8.Throughtheactivity,Irealize(amaware/cometorealize)thatweshould(aresupposedto)value(attachgreatimportanceto)hardworking.

滿分攻略二句式靚麗——加深閱卷老師的印象適當運用含有較高級語法結構的句式,比如各類從句、非謂語動詞,強調句、倒裝句、省略句等。這些結構的適當運用可以使文章語言豐富、可讀性強。技法一巧用三大從句,豐富句式1.實用“定”語,先聲奪人——定語從句關系代詞who、whom、whose、that、which、as引導的定語從句是寫作的一大亮點,尤其是which和as引導的非限制性定語從句在高分范文中更是屢見不鮮。關系副詞when、where、why引導的定語從句和“介詞+which/whom”引導的定語從句更能讓閱卷老師眼前一亮。①Suchismyfather,agreatmanwhosetsagoodexampleformeandIlovehimagreatdeal.這就是我的父親,一個偉大的人,為我樹立了一個好榜樣,我非常愛他。②TheInternetgivesmetheopportunitytocommunicateinreal-timewithnativespeakersusingvideocallingandonlineforums,whichimprovesmyspokenandwrittenEnglish.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我有機會通過視頻通話和在線論壇與以英語為母語的人實時交流,提高了我的英語口語和寫作能力。③ThebookonwhichIspentalotofmoneyisveryinteresting.我花了很多錢買的那本書非常有趣。2.四大“名”句,內(nèi)涵豐富——名詞性從句名詞性從句是寫作中常用的高級表達,包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。①IwaswonderingifyoucouldguideustopolishashortplayadaptedfromourEnglishtextbook.(賓語從句)我想知道你是否可以指導我們潤色改編自我們英語課本的一個短劇。②Throughtheactivity,whatIfeltisthatIamabletoshouldertheresponsibilityandI’llbecomestrongerandmoredetermined.(主語從句+表語從句)通過這次活動,我感到我能夠承擔起責任,我會變得更加堅強,更加堅定。③Thefactthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyearshasworriedmanyscientists.(同位語從句)這些年來地球逐漸變暖的事實,使許多科學家感到擔憂。3.巧用“狀”語,文采斐然——狀語從句狀語從句主要包括時間、地點、條件、原因、讓步、比較、方式、目的和結果九類從句。①ThoughMsLihasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears,sheisstillpassionateaboutteaching.雖然李老師已經(jīng)教了20年英語,但她仍然熱愛教學。②Hewassodelightedthathecouldhardlyspeak,buthisbrightsmilingfacespokeforhim.他高興得幾乎說不出話來,但他那燦爛的笑臉說明了一切。技法二活用非謂語,言簡意賅寫作時,可以利用非謂語動詞對簡單句進行整合,使其成為高級表達,其中with復合結構,分詞或不定式作狀語是利用頻率較高的高級句式。①Wearingthickprotectivesuits,heheadedforthewards,leavingathinbuttallfigurebehind.他穿著厚厚的防護服朝病房走去,留下一個瘦高的背影。②Organizedbythestudentunion,agroupofvolunteerswenttoHopeFarmtohelpthefarmerspickpeacheslastweekend.上周末,由學生會組織的一群志愿者去希望農(nóng)場幫助農(nóng)民摘桃子。③Withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching,weareoccupiedinmakingfinalpreparations.隨著高考的臨近,我們正忙于做最后的準備工作。技法三一點“特殊”,彰顯水平1.靈活機動的“it”it在句中可以作形式主語、形式賓語和構成一些特殊固定的句式。①Itis+adj.+(for/ofsb)todosth/that從句(對于某人來說)做某事是怎么樣的ItisnotuncommonthatstudentsmakemistakeswhenspeakingEnglish.學生在說英語時犯錯誤并不罕見。②Itbe+anhonour+(forsb)todosth/Itbeone’shonour+todosth做某事對于某人來說是個榮幸。ItisagreathonourformetodeliveraspeechtosharewithyoumyopinionsonPekingOpera.我很榮幸能發(fā)表演講,與大家分享我對京劇的看法。③Itbe+過去分詞(said、thought、believed、supposed、reported、recommended...)+that從句據(jù)……Itissaidthathehastraveledtomorethan50countries.據(jù)說他去過50多個國家。Itisstronglyrecommendedthattheschoolshouldgivestudentsmorefreetimetotakepartinsportsactivities.強烈建議學校給學生們更多的自由時間來參加體育活動。④Sb+謂語(think、find、feel等)+it+adj.+(forsb/sth)todosth/that從句某人認為/發(fā)現(xiàn)/覺得……做某事是怎么樣的Ifounditusefultovisittheexhibitionofthestudents’Chinesepainting.我覺得去參觀這次學生國畫展覽很有用。⑤Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...毋庸置疑……Itgoeswithoutsayingthatoceansplayacriticalroleintheworld.(2022·全國甲卷)毋庸置疑,海洋在世界上發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用。⑥Itoccurredto/hit/strucksbthat某人突然想到SuddenlyitoccurredtomethatIcouldhaveanonlinediscussionwithmyclassmatesonself-discipline.突然我想到,我可以和同學們在線討論自律。2.重點突出的強調句①強調句型可強調除謂語動詞和表語外的其他任何成分,如主語、賓語、狀語等。其基本結構為:Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子其他部分。Itwasatthattimethattheirmotherwentouttobuythepaperbagstheyneeded.就在那個時候,他們的媽媽出去買他們需要的紙袋。Itiswewhowillmakethedecision.將由我們來做決定。②助動詞do表強調Wedohopethatourschoolwillcarryoutmoresimilaractivitiesinthefuture.我們確實希望我們學校將來能開展更多類似的活動。Wedoappreciateyourhelp.我們確實非常感激你的幫助。3.平衡句子的倒裝句在寫作中,倒裝句型應用比較廣泛,涉及的句型主要包括部分倒裝和全部倒裝。①部分倒裝1:So+adj./adv.+be動詞/助動詞+主語...that...如此……以至于……Duringtheexam,sonervouswasIthatmymindwentblank.考試中我如此緊張以至于大腦一片空白。Intherace,soquicklydidherunthatnoonecouldcatchupwithhim.在比賽中,他跑得太快了,沒有人能趕上他。②部分倒裝2:n./adj./adv.+as/though+主語+謂語,主句“盡管/雖然……”Windyas/thoughitwasthatmorning,athletestriedtheirstrengthallthewaytothefinishingline.盡管那天早上風很大,運動員們還是竭盡全力沖向終點。③部分倒裝3:Only+狀語/狀語從句+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞+主語+其他“只有……”O(jiān)nlybydaringtotrycanwemakeabreakthrough.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)只有敢于嘗試,我們才能取得突破。IencouragedDavidwhowasataloss,“Dokeepinmindthatonlybypossessingagoodstateofmindcanyouattainsuccess.”(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)我鼓勵不知所措的大衛(wèi):“務必記住只有擁有良好的心態(tài)你才能獲得成功?！雹懿糠值寡b4:Notuntil+狀語/狀語從句+助動詞+主語...Notuntilhehadfailedinthejobinterviewdidherealizehowimportantconfidencewas.直到他面試失敗,他才意識到自信是多么重要。⑤部分倒裝5:Hardlyhadsbdone...when.../Nosoonerhadsbdone...than...一……就……Nosoonerhadherealizedhismistakethanheapologizedtohisfriend.他一意識到自己的錯誤就向朋友道歉。⑥全部倒裝1:Here/There/Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Now/Then...+謂語(表示運動的不及物動詞)+主語Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.一聲吼叫,呼地從叢林中竄出一只老虎。⑦全部倒裝2:介詞短語+謂語(不及物動詞,如lie、stand、sit、exist、stretch、come)或系動詞be+主語(名詞)Inthedoorwaystoodamanwithahammer.門口站著一個拿錘子的人。⑧全部倒裝3:分詞短語+be+主語(名詞)Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout17.躺在地板上的是一個約17歲的男孩。4.省略句式,簡約不簡單狀語從句的省略形式是寫作中最為常用的高級句式,結構為when、while、once、if、unless、though、although等+doing/done/todosth。①Thoughtiredandexhausted,theathletesallregardedthiscompetitionasagoodopportunitytobuilduptheirstrength.雖然很累,運動員們都認為這次比賽是強身健體的好機會。②Bathedinsunshine,wesangandlaughedwhilepickingapples.沐浴在陽光下,我們一邊歡歌笑語一邊摘著蘋果。5.適時感嘆,必要強調在文章結尾處恰當使用感嘆句,可以起到畫龍點睛的作用,韻味無窮。①Whatawonderfultimewehadpickingapplesonthefarm!我們在農(nóng)場摘蘋果的時光多么美好啊!②HowhappyIwastobeoneofthemembersinthiswarmfamily!Thisisoneofthemosttreasuredmomentsinmymemory.成為這個溫暖大家庭的一員,我是多么高興啊!這是我記憶中最珍貴的時刻之一。6.“虛擬被動”,委婉地道虛擬語氣和被動句式可以使語氣委婉,表達地道,在寫作中要善于利用。①Butforhisencouragement,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.要不是他的鼓勵,我不會取得這么大的進步。②Assoonaswefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.Ifonlyyouhadbeenthere!我們一唱完歌,所有的觀眾都給了我們熱烈的掌聲。要是你當時在那里就好了!③Shealwaystriesnewwaystomakeherclasseslivelyandinteresting,whichisappreciatedbyallofus.她總是嘗試新的方法使她的課生動有趣,這是值得我們所有人贊賞的。技法四無靈主語優(yōu)化表達所謂的無靈主語句,即用無生命的事物作主語來展開句子,吸引閱卷老師。1.表示時間、地點等的名詞作主語的句子。這類無靈主語句常用see、find、witness等動詞作謂語,往往帶有比喻或擬人的修辭手法。LastSundaywitnessedanextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,whichdrewtheattentionofeverystudentandteacherofourschool.上周日,我們學校舉行了一場非同尋常的越野賽跑,它吸引了我們學校每位學生和老師。2.表示生理、心理狀態(tài)的名詞作主語的句子。此類句子仿佛為表達增加了血肉,注入了活力,使寫作瞬間變得豐滿起來。①Griefandsorrowhitmelikeaboltfromtheblue.悲痛如晴天霹靂一般擊中了我。②Gradually,astrongpassiontohelpothersdeeplyrootedinmyheart.漸漸地,一種想要幫助他人的強烈的愿望深植我的心間。技法五名言諺語增分提檔利用高級句式并引用名言諺語會增加亮點。1.Asanoldsayinggoes...俗話說……Asanoldsayinggoes,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.正如諺語所說,有志者事竟成。2.Aseveryoneknows/Asisknown/Itiswellknownthat眾所周知Asisknown,theEarthrevolvesaroundtheSun.眾所周知,地球繞著太陽轉。即時演練根據(jù)漢語提示,用靚麗句式補全習作假設你是晨光中學高三學生李津。你校于6月8日舉辦了成人禮活動,你的英國朋友Chris很想了解該活動。請你于當晚給Chris回一封電子郵件,介紹相關情況,內(nèi)容包括:1.成人禮活動內(nèi)容(成長點滴回顧、觀看我們參加過的活動錄像等);2.對活動的感受;3.對自己未來的展望。DearChris,I’msogladtohearfromyou.①Asforthecoming-of-ageceremonyheldonJune8th(至于即將到來的6月8日舉行的成人禮;非謂語動詞作定語),I’dliketosharesomedetails.Firstly,theheadmastercongratulatedusonsteppingintotheadulthood,andlookedbackon②whatwehadgonethroughduringthepastthreeyears(我們在過去的三年中所經(jīng)歷的一切;賓語從句).Afterthat,wewatchedvideosabouttheactivities③thatwehadtakenpartin(我們參加過的,定語從句).Excitementandadmirationwelledupwithinme.④Itisthecoming-of-ageceremonythatmarkssayinggoodbyetothepastandexpectationsoftheunknownfuture(就是這個成人禮標志著告別過去和期待未知的未來;強調句型).⑤WhatIshoulddoisbear/shoulderresponsibilityasanadultandstriveformydreampersistentlywhateverchallengesImayface(我應該做的是承擔作為一個成年人的責任,為我的夢想不懈地努力,無論我遇到什么挑戰(zhàn);主語從句+讓步狀語從句).

Yours,LiJin滿分攻略三銜接過渡——完美成篇秀佳作高考作文如果缺乏銜接過渡,就好比一串珍珠項鏈斷了線,每個詞句雖光彩奪目,拿出來卻七零八落,缺乏連貫性。要想成就美文,不僅需要高級詞匯,還需“穿珠之線”,這個“線”就是銜接過渡。1.段落起始過渡過渡詞firstofall;inthefirstplace;tobegin/startwith;firstly;generally(speaking)從句asweknow;asisknowntous;asisshownin...;asisoftenthecase;asa/thesayinggoes①Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupractice,themoreskillfullyyoucanwriteinEnglish.一般來說,你練習得越多,你的英語寫作就越嫻熟。②Asthesayinggoes,“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”Asaresult,teamworkisofvitalimportance.正如諺語所說:“三個臭皮匠賽過諸葛亮?！辫b于此,團隊合作極其重要。2.時間順序表“現(xiàn)在;最近”nowadays/now;atpresent;currently;recently表“首先,第一”first/firstly;tobegin/startwith;inthefirstplace/firstofall表“后來,不久,然后”after;afterwards/lateron;afterthat;afterawhile;beforelong;shortlyafter;since表“在此期間,同時”meanwhile/meantime;inthemeantime;atthesametime;while表“最后”finally/lastly;intheend/eventually/atlast①Intheend,IsincerelyhopethatyoucanshareyourexperienceoflearningEnglishontheInternet.最后,我真誠地希望你能分享你在網(wǎng)上學習英語的經(jīng)驗。②Tobeginwith,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIcancommunicatewithvisitorswithoutdifficulty.首先,我的英語很好,我可以毫不費力地與來訪者交流。③Atthisverymoment,myparentscamebackandwerequitesurprisedtoseealltheroomstidyandfloorsshining.就在這時,我的父母回來了,他們非常驚訝地看到所有房間都很整潔,地板閃閃發(fā)亮。3.空間順序ononeside...ontheotherside...;ontheoppositeside;infrontof;inthecenterof;inthedistance;inthemiddleof;atthebackof;on/totheleft/right;closeto;nextto;nearby;beyondDownthemiddleofthevalleyrunsaclear,faststreaminwhichonemayfish.Inthelowlandalongthestreamarethefarmlands;beyondthemisthegrassland.Behindthetopsofthefirsthillsarethebigmountains.一條清澈湍急的溪流沿著山谷的中部流淌著,人們可以在溪中釣魚。沿溪而下,低地處是農(nóng)田;越過農(nóng)田是草原。第一層丘陵后是一座座大山。4.遞進關系besides/moreover/furthermore/what’smore/inaddition/additionally/also;notonly...butalso...;apartfrom/aswellas...;moreimportantly;equallyimportant;lastbutnotleast;worsestill/what’sworse/tomakemattersworse①NotonlywouldIbeabletoexperiencefruitpicking,butIcouldalsofeastonthesweetness!我不僅可以體驗采摘水果的過程,還可以品嘗到香甜的水果!②Moreimportantly,Iamwillingtohelpothers,soIwouldliketobeavolunteerinmysparetime.更重要的是,我愿意幫助他人,所以我想在業(yè)余時間當一名志愿者。③ThecarbrokedownwhenIwasdrivinghomefromwork,andwhatwasworse,itwaspouringwithrain.下班回家的路上我的汽車壞了,更糟糕的是,天還下著大雨。5.轉折關系并列連詞/副詞however;but;yet;otherwise;instead;unfortunately介詞(短語)despite/inspiteof/regardlessof;ratherthan;insteadof;ontheotherhand從屬連詞although/though/as/while;evenif/though;nomatterwh-/how①Doyourworkeveryday;otherwise,itwillpileup.今日事,今日畢;否則,事情會堆積如山。②Although/ThoughIcanenjoymorefreedom,Irealizethatbeingagrown-upmeansmoreresponsibilities.雖然我可以享受更多的自由,但是我認識到作為成年人意味著更多的責任。6.比較和對比比較inthesameway;justas;similarly;equally對比onthecontrary;comparedwith/to;incomparisonwith;incontrast(to);instead;while;unlike;however;yet①Foronething,theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.Foranother,Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.其一,過去幾十年的整體發(fā)展是如此引人注目,以至于他們渴望了解中國正在發(fā)生的事情。其二,中國歷史悠久而且文化豐富。②Asweallknow,friendshipalwayscomesfirst.However,weshouldstillmakegoodpreparationsforthematch,andtryourbesttobethewinner.眾所周知,友誼永遠是第一位的。然而,我們?nèi)匀粦摓楸荣愖龊脺蕚?盡我們的最大努力贏得比賽。7.因果關系(1)讓“因為”變得不簡單介詞短語asaresultof;asaconsequenceof;dueto;becauseof;owingto;onaccountof;thanksto連詞since;for;as;nowthat;inthat;considering常用句式①owing/duetothefactthat...;②thatisbecause...;③whichresultsfrom/accountsfor/makesfor...;④thereasonwhy...①BecauseofmyfamiliaritywithChinesepaintingculture,IcanenablevisitorstoknowmoreaboutChinesepainting.因為我熟悉中國繪畫文化,我可以讓游客更多地了解中國畫。②DuetothefactthatBernardwashonestandhardworking,hissmallbusinesstookoff.由于伯納德誠實勤勞,他的小生意興隆起來。(2)讓“結果”不落俗套副詞(短語)thus;therefore;consequently;asaresult;asaconsequence非謂語endupdoing;only/nevertodo從句whichresultsin/leadsto/contributesto;asaresult/consequenceofwhich①Therefore,inmymindmyfatheristhepersonIrespectmostandIlovehimdeeply.因此,在我心目中,父親是我最尊敬的人,我深深地愛著他。②Ieagerlyunpackedthepackage,onlytofindabrokenbookinit.我急切地打開包裹,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有一本破書。③Whenfacingtrouble,hecouldn’tkeepcalm,whichresultsinhisconstantfailures.面對困境時,他不能保持鎮(zhèn)定,這導致他不斷失敗。8.解釋和舉例解釋說明infact;inthiscase;asamatteroffact;actually;toputitdifferently舉例forexample;forinstance;suchasToputitdifferently,Iwilltrymybesttoachievemygoal.換言之,我會盡最大的努力實現(xiàn)我的目標