五年級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

詞匯篇五升六名詞n.表示人（Linda）/物

（desk）/地點(diǎn)

（school）/情感

（joy）或抽象概念（time）的詞匯。根據(jù)意義，名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞。

專有名詞：表示特定的人/事物/節(jié)日/地點(diǎn)/機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名稱。（人名/月份/節(jié)日/星期/國家/城市/學(xué)科/語言/建筑/公園/車站等）Mark,January,Children’sDay,Monday,China,Beijing,Math,English.....*專有名詞的首字母一般要大寫。專有名詞普通名詞普通名詞包括個(gè)體名詞/集體名詞/物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。1.個(gè)體名詞-表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體。boy/window/tree/rabbit.....2.集體名詞-表示若干個(gè)體組成的合體。family/people/police3.物質(zhì)名詞-表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)/材料等。snow/rice/air...4.抽象名詞-表示動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)/品質(zhì)/情感等抽象概念。love/fun......普通名詞*普通名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞：指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西，如love,bread,air,water...可數(shù)名詞：指能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，可以分成個(gè)體的人或東西有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。bookbooksfamilyfamiliesboyboysroomrooms可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則+讀音規(guī)則類別變化規(guī)則讀音例子一般情況詞尾+s清輔音后讀/s/desk--desks;grape--grapes濁輔音或元音后讀/z/worker--workers;bag--bags-ts結(jié)尾讀/ts/pet--pets;forest--forests-ds結(jié)尾讀/dz/hand--hands以s/x/sh/ch結(jié)尾詞尾+es-es讀作/?z/fox--foxes;match--matches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i+es讀作/?z/city--cities;baby--babies以f/fe結(jié)尾的詞變f/fe為v+es-ves讀作/vz/knife--knives;leaf--leaves以o結(jié)尾的詞詞尾+es-es讀/z/potato--potatoes詞尾+s-s讀/z/photo--photos名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)“oo“→”ee“foot--feettooth--teethgoose--geese單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheepdeerJapaneseChinesefish其他child--childrenman--men成雙成對(duì)的東西一般以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)socksshoesclothesglasses復(fù)合名詞--由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞組合而成的，它們共同表示一個(gè)新的概念1.一般后面的詞變復(fù)數(shù)，前面的詞不變。

anappletree--manyappletrees

herboyfriend--theirboyfriends

2.詞首為man或woman的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：當(dāng)復(fù)合名詞的詞首是“man”或“woman”時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞都需要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。amandriver--twomendriversawomandoctor--somewomendoctors指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西，如love,bread,air,water...不可數(shù)名詞表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)：1）用some/any/much/alittle/alotof等表示量的多少somewateralotofmilklotsoflove2)用數(shù)詞（或a/an)+量詞+of

構(gòu)成量的多少apieceofbreadacupofteatwoglassesofmilkfourpairsofshoesabowofriceapieceofpaper五下重要名詞fairyclothesmetroanswerplanestreetbookshopprincefilmcinemahispitalmushroomzoosupermaketstopmoontoothachedentistparentcityvegetabletomatopotatotaxibreadfestivalplaceshipmountaingameherotrafficlightplaypasswordspotpest星期：Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday十二月：January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四季:spring,summer,autumn(fall),winter練習(xí)--1寫出下詞的復(fù)數(shù)child__________present________factory____________foot________story__________doctor________farmer____________man________train__________zoo________tomato____________tooth________watch__________snowman_________fish_________subject________potato__________photo_________city____________dish________womanteacher_____________boystudent_____________appletree_______________childrenpresentsfactoriesfeetstoriesdoctorsfarmersmentrainszoostomatoesteethwatchessnowmenfishsubjectspotatoesphotoscitiesdisheswomenteachersboystudentsappletrees練習(xí)1.Therearemany___________(child)intheclassroom2.I’dlikesome_____________(toy),please.3.Arethereany_____________(tomato)inthefridge?4.Weareall________________(Chinese).5.Theywanttobe______________(policeman)childrentoystomatoesChinesepolicemen練習(xí)1.Lilyisveryhungry.Sheneedssome______________.A.waterB.paperC.food2.Idon’tlikemeat.Iusuallyhavesomerice,__________and__________forlunch.A.fishes;vegetableB.fish;vegetableC.fish;vegetables3.Therearetwo_______________inourschool.A.libraryB.somelibrariesC.libraries4.Nancyhastwo_______of________.A.pairs;shoesB.pair;shoesC.pair;shoeCCCA動(dòng)詞V.動(dòng)詞--用來形容或表示各類動(dòng)詞及狀態(tài)的詞。動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（NotionalVerb）、連系動(dòng)詞（LinkVerb）、助動(dòng)詞（AuxiliaryVerb）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（ModalVerb）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞類別意義例句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞ActionVerbs意思完整，能獨(dú)立作謂語，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，putrunlaugh.....Shehassomebananas.Theyeatalotofpotatoes.I’mreadinganEnglishbooknow.連系動(dòng)詞LinkVerbs本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，來說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，特征等。如：belookget,smell,feel.....Hisfatherisateacher.Twinsusuallylookthesame.Theteacherbecomeangry.助動(dòng)詞AuxiliaryVerbs本身沒有意義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，表示否定、疑問、時(shí)態(tài)或其他語法形式。如：be,does/do,did.....Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.(否定）Weareplayingbasketball.（進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）Doyouhaveabrother?（疑問）Ididn’tplayfootballyesterday.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ModalVerbs不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:canmustshould......Youcankeepthemfortwoweeks.MayIsmokehere?Wemustgonew.Youshouldhavearest.連系動(dòng)詞--be,look,feel,smell,sound....其后可跟形容詞作表語Helookssad.Iamhappy.Shefeelsbad.Thefoodsmellsgood.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--can,should,must...情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，表示語氣的單詞。但是不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在行為動(dòng)詞前，表示說話人對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。can,should,must....1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；

Hecanswim.Wecansing.*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形Youshouldhavearest.Hemustdohomeworkfirst.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞1、有些動(dòng)詞后面可跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)：asksb(not)todosthtellsb(not)todosthwantsb(not)todotsth2、有些動(dòng)詞后面可跟雙賓語，間賓置前時(shí)，相應(yīng)加上介詞to或for:givesbsth=givesthtosbbuysbsth=buysthforsbteachsbsth3、有些動(dòng)詞后面只可跟動(dòng)詞-ing，不可跟動(dòng)詞不定式：

enjoydoingsthminddoingsth形式規(guī)則變化例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)

一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加-slook→looks；work→works以o、s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加-escatch→catches；go→goes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-esstudy→studies；try→tries現(xiàn)在分詞-ing

一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加-ingread→reading；go→going以ee、oe、ye結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ingsee→seeing；toe→toeing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-inglove→loving；write→writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫輔音字母，再加-ingcut→cutting；put→putting少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變ie為y再加-ingdie→dying；lie→lying助動(dòng)詞do/does,be,did....協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~。助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。

Hedoesn‘tlikeEnglish.（doesn’t是助動(dòng)詞does+not，無詞義；

like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)Sheiswashingclothes.(is是助動(dòng)詞，wash是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義）五下-常見動(dòng)詞/詞組let--后跟動(dòng)詞原形letsb.dosth.Let’sgoandplay.haveto+do原形

必須/不得不...Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.pick采摘pickflowersunderstand

理解，明白Doyouunderstand?

puton（穿/戴上）&wear(穿/戴著）It’scold.Putonyourcoat.Mikewearsayellowjacket.takeoff

脫下Takeoffyourshoes,please.tryon試穿/戴Thishatisbeautiful.Iwanttotryiton.fit

合適，合身Thedressfitswell.bebadfor

對(duì)...有害

Sweetsarebadforourteeth.begoodfor

有益于，對(duì)...有好處Swimmingisgoodforus.leave...behind

留下，丟下Thegirlleavesherbagbehind.show

給...看；展示

showsb.around

帶某人參觀Samshowsmehisnewbike.showsb.sth.Samshowshisnewbiketome.showsth.tosb.

Pleaseshowthisnewstudentaround.

takea/thebus(taxi/metro/plane....)表示乘坐某項(xiàng)交通工具Hetakesametrotothelibrary.ride

ridea/one’sbike

騎自行車

rideahorse

騎馬BobbyrideshisbiketoschoolLinaridesahorseonthefarm.visit

參觀，拜訪，看望Tinavisitshergrangparentsonweekends.help

幫助/幫忙

helpsb.(to)dosth.Canyouhelpme?Let’shelphimwatertheflowers.haveagoodtime

玩得開心Shehasagoodtimeattheparty.havefun

玩得開心Wehaveapicnictoday.Andweallhavefun.wouldlike想，想要wouldliketodosth.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Iwouldliketohaveaparty.want想，想要wanttodosth.Iwantsomestorybooks.Iwanttocookbreakfastformyparentstoday.look

看

lookat(看）

lookfor(尋找）Look!Thereisabird.Lookatthisbird.Itiscute.Ican’tfindmypen.Iamlookingforit.live

住，居住livein/on+地點(diǎn)Iliveonmoonstreet.MarksliveinSunshinetown.cometo+地點(diǎn)

goto+地點(diǎn)come/gohome(there/here)like+doingsth.Helikesridingabikeinthepark.get

得到，獲得getto到達(dá)，抵達(dá)gettogether相聚IgetaletterfromLinda.ShegetstoShanghaitoday.Let’sgettogetherthisweekend.geton

上車GetonthebusatParkStation.getin

上車（小轎車/出租車等

）Theygetinataxi.getoff

下車GetoffthebusatCitylibrary.walk

步行，散步walkto+地點(diǎn)

步行到某地

goalong

沿著...走Goalongthisstreet.walkalong

沿著...走WalkalongMoonstreet.ask

詢問，打聽，要求，請(qǐng)求

askaquestion

提問

asktheway

問路

asksb.forhelp

向某人尋求幫助Sheasksapolicemanforhelp.turnright/left

向右/左轉(zhuǎn)Turnrightatthetrafficlights.brush刷brushone’steeth刷牙brushtheshoes刷鞋

waitfor

等待waitforthebus.see

看到，看見

seeafilmseethedoctorwatch

觀看watchafilmwatchafootballmatchwatchTVfeel

感到，感覺，覺得Shefeelscold.hurt

使受傷/疼痛Hisfoothurts.pointat指著/指向...Hepointsatthetalltree.表示吃/喝的詞drinkdrinksomemilk喝些牛奶eateatabigmeal吃一頓大餐havehavelunchhavesomewatertaketakesomemedicine服藥clean

清理，打掃cleanthecarcleanthetablesweep

打掃，掃sweepthefloorwash

洗washthedisheswashclothescook

烹飪，燒煮cookbreakfastmake

制造，制定makesnowmenmakesaladmakethebedmakeacakemakebreadgoaway

離開Thepestsgoaway.runaway

逃跑，跑開Theboyrunsawayquickly.drive...away

趕走Samdrivesthebadladybirdsaway.catch

接住，抓住，逮住;趕上...Samcatchesafish.Oh,no.Wecan’tcatchthebus.

call給...命名，稱呼；喊/叫；打電話

IamMikeBrown.YoucancallmeMike.Callmeatseventhisevening.know

知道，認(rèn)識(shí)，了解Doyouknowthatboy?talk

交談，說話

talkabout談?wù)?/p>

talkwith與...交談

Theytalkabouttheparty.LindatalkswithTina.SamtalkswithBobbyabouttheSpringFestival.

start

開始startdoingsth.Theystartfighting.

fight

打架Thoselittleboysfightonthebed.

動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式原形：doLet’shavearest.Don’ttalk.三單形式：doesMikelikesapplesverymuch.不定式：todoHewantstowatchTV.-ing形式:doingHeisgoodatswimming.Thegirllikesreading.

冠詞art.1.冠詞是指用于名詞前來說明名詞所指的人或事物的一種虛詞。冠詞一般放在名詞前，幫助指明名詞的含義。如：anorangetheYellowRiver2）分類：

不定冠詞，定冠詞和零冠詞。2.不定冠詞：a

和

an

名詞前是用不定冠詞a還是an,取決于冠詞后面的詞是輔音音素開頭（a)還是元音音素開頭(an)。anappleagreenappleanhouramiddleschoolanimportantmeeting3.定冠詞the用在單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前。1）特指雙方都明白/知道的某（些）人或某（些）事物。

Theboyisclever.2）重提上文中所涉及的人或事物。YesterdayImetaman.Themanseemedverysad.3）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前，以及有形容only/very/same修飾的名詞前面。Iamthehappiestmanalive.onthefirstfloor4）用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前，以及表示江河/湖泊/山脈/海峽等地理名稱的事物前。

thesun/moon

5）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前；中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前。

theDragonBoatFestivaltheUK6）用在樂器名詞以及表示方向位置的名詞前：Ican’tplaythepiano.intheeast/west4.零冠詞--即一些名詞前不加冠詞1）國名/地名/人名/四季/月份/星期/日期前不加冠詞ChinaMarywinterJanuarySunday2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示泛指的一類人/事物Theyaresingers.3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)Failureisthemotherofsuccess.4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；表示特定意思時(shí)要加定冠詞。Waterisveryimportantforhuman.5）在稱呼/官銜/職位前不加冠詞DoctorLiMissBrown6）三餐/球類運(yùn)動(dòng)/娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)前不加冠詞。

havelunchplayfootballplaychess7）by+交通工具連用，表示一種方式，不加冠詞

bycar/bus數(shù)詞num.--表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞。數(shù)詞一般分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞--表示數(shù)目多少的詞。one,three,twenty,onehundred...序數(shù)詞--表示順序先后的詞。first,twentieth,forth....日期：the+序數(shù)詞

10月1日

October1/October1st.(讀作Octoberfirst或thefirstofOctober)連詞conj.連詞(Conjunction)是一種虛詞，它在句子中不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分，只起連作用，連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子的作用。并列連詞：and,or,but...

從屬連詞：because...1.Samcanswim______skate.2.Thatlittleboycanwrite,_______hecan’twrite.3.DoyouhaveanEnglishlesson______aChineselessonthisafternoon?4.Thewomanishappy_______shegetaletterfromhergoodfriend.填入合適的連詞andbutorbecause感嘆詞感嘆詞一般被定義為表達(dá)痛苦、驚訝、憤怒、喜悅或其他情感的詞。ah,oh,well....Oh,howwonderful!啊，真是妙極了！Ah,youareright.形容詞adj.1.形容詞是用來描寫或修飾名詞（或代詞）的一類詞。Adjective縮寫為adj.good，enough,special,beautiful,sunny,dangerous,careful,funny...2.形容詞通常放在所修飾名詞之前：ahappydaythebeautifulgirlanorangehat**形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing等，要放在其后面：somethingspecialnothingimportantanythingelse**enough

1)作形容詞時(shí)，enough放名詞前：

enoughfoodenoughtime2)作副詞時(shí)，放動(dòng)詞或形容詞后面：runfastenough形容詞的順序美小圓舊黃，法國木書房a

beautiful

big

round

old

yellow

French

wooden

studyabigoldcataniceyellowfeatherhat五下重點(diǎn)形容詞youngayoungboytheyoung年輕人oldanoldmantheold老年人fullThebusisfull.busyTom’smumisbusy.sweetThisappleissweet.readyAreyouready?angryBobby’smotherisangry.favouriteIt’smyfavouritebook.擴(kuò)句游戲Ihaveacat.Thestudentlikesthisbook.Thatgirlmakesacake.副詞adv.副詞（Adverb）是指在句子中表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞，用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。very,hard,always,much,well,too...Thankyouvery

much.Tom’sdadworkshard.Heoftengotoschoolbybike.Theshoesfitwell.Thechildrenareveryhungry.Thekidistooyoung.頻率副詞alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever五下出現(xiàn)的副詞finallyFinally,Cinderellatriesontheshoe.earlyHegetsupearly.lateBobby’smumsleepslateatnight.tooYoueattoomuchmeat.wellWecanswimwell.veryThelittlegirlisverycute.soTherearesomanyflowers.

介詞prep.介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞，詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語.Hecooksdinnerinthekitchen.Tinaisathomenow.Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthisgarden.Listentome,please.Youcangettoschoolonfoot.Atsix,thereisafootballmatch.時(shí)間介詞at,on,in,before,after...at用于某一特定的時(shí)間，節(jié)日，年齡atnight/atnoonattheageof...atChristmasat7:30on(在某一天，在具體的早/午/晚）onSundayonChristmasdayonthe1stofJuneonarainymorningonthenexteveningin

泛指的早午晚；年/月/季節(jié)前；inthemorning/afternooninsummerinJulyin2005before

在...之前beforebreakfast早飯前beforeclass課前after

在...之后afterschool放學(xué)后afterdinner晚飯后方位介詞on,in,under,behind,infrontof,beside,nextto,by,near....Thereisabookonthefloor.Thebasketballisbehindthedoor.Kim’sschoolbagisunderthechair.Theyhaveapicnicbythelake.Theparkisinfrontofourhouse.Mikelivesnearhisschool.表方式/手段by+交通工具

bybus/bike/car/plane/metro/train/taxi...onfootTheygotoschoolbybus.Bobbygettoschoolonfoot.其他介詞with和...一起；具有，帶有；用HewantstoplaywithTim.agirlwithlonghairWriteitwiththispen.for

給，為了...(表目的）It’sadayforchildren.Thisgiftisforyou.IbuyadressforTina.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.其他介詞to

朝向，位于，給...Givethatbagtome.Hesendsane-mailtohisfriend.MissLiwalkstoschool.

showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.givesb.sth.=givesth.