Unit3pressn&vsing./pl.v.nthePress)[sing.+sing./pl.v.]newspapersandmagazines報(bào)章雜志；報(bào)刊；印刷媒體thelocal/national/foreignpress地方╱全國╱外國報(bào)刊thepopular/tabloidpress通俗報(bào)刊；小報(bào)Thestorywasreportedinthepressandontelevision.這件事已在報(bào)刊和電視上報(bào)道了。themusic/sportingpress(=newspapersandmagazinesaboutmusic/sport)音樂╱體育報(bào)刊UnliketheAmerican,theBritishpressoperatesonanationalscale.與美國不同，英國報(bào)刊都是行銷全國的。thefreedomofthePress/pressfreedom新聞自由Theeventisboundtoattractwidepresscoverage.這個(gè)事件一定會(huì)在各報(bào)刊廣泛報(bào)道。2.thesing./pl.v.Press[sing.+sing./pl.v.]thejournalistsandphotographerswhoworkfornewspapersandmagazines記者；新聞工作者；新聞界ThePresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭審謝絕新聞采訪。sing.Using.U]thetypeoramountofreportsthatnewspaperswriteaboutsb/sth報(bào)道；評(píng)論Theairlinehashadabadpressrecently.這家航空公司最近受到新聞界的責(zé)難。4.[CU]amachineforprintingbooks,newspapers,etc.;theprocessofprintingthem印刷機(jī)；印刷Wewereabletowatchthebooksrollingoffthepresses.我們可以看到書本從印刷機(jī)上源源不斷地印出。Thesepricesarecorrectatthetimeofgoingtopress.這些價(jià)格在付印時(shí)是準(zhǔn)確無誤的。astorythatishotoffthepress(=hasjustappearedinthenewspapers)剛剛見報(bào)的新聞報(bào)道5.[C]abusinessthatprintsandpublishesbooks出版社；印刷所OxfordUniversityPress牛津大學(xué)出版社EQUIPMENTFORPRESSING擠壓設(shè)備6.[C](especiallyinpounds尤用于構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞)apieceofequipmentthatisusedforcreatingpressureonthings,tomakethemflatortogetliquidfromthem壓平機(jī)；壓榨機(jī)；榨汁機(jī)atrouserpress燙褲機(jī)agarlicpress壓蒜器7.[Cusuallysing.]anactofpushingsthwithyourhandorwithatoolthatyouareholding擠壓；推；按Hegavethebellanotherpress.他又按了一下鈴。Thoseshirtsneedapress(=withaniron).這些襯衣需要熨一熨。8.[sing.]alargenumberofpeopleorthingspetingforspaceormovement擁擠的人群（或大批事物）thepressofbodiesallmovingthesameway擁向同一方向的人群[C](IrishEScotE)alargecupboard,usuallywithshelves,forholdingclothes,books,etc.（分層）大壁櫥，衣柜，書柜，碗柜V1.~(sth/sb/yourself)againststh~sthtosth~sthtogethertopushsthcloselyandfirmlyagainststh;tobepushedinthisway（被）壓，擠，推，施加壓力Shepressedherfaceagainstthewindow.她把臉貼在窗子上。Hepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.他用手絹捂住鼻子。Shepressedherlipstogether.她緊抿著雙唇。Hisbodywaspressingagainsthers.他的身體緊貼著她。2.topushorsqueezepartofadevice,etc.inordertomakeitwork按，壓（使啟動(dòng)）topressabutton/switch/key按下按鈕╱開關(guān)；按鍵Hepressedthelidfirmlyshut.他把蓋子蓋得緊緊的。Pressheretoopen.請(qǐng)按此處打開。Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油門踏板。3.[VN]~sthinto/ontosthtoputsthinaplacebypushingitfirmly將…塞進(jìn)；把…按入Hepressedacoinintoherhandandmovedon.他把一枚硬幣塞進(jìn)她手里，然后繼續(xù)向前走。4.[VN]tosqueezesb'shandorarm,especiallyasasignofaffection（深情地）緊握（某人的手或臂）5.[V+adv./prep.](ofpeopleinacrowd人群)tomoveinthedirectionmentionedbypushing（向…）擁擠，推搡著移動(dòng)Thephotographerspressedaroundtheroyalvisitors.攝影記者們?cè)谕跏屹F賓周圍擠來擠去。Ahostofunwelethoughtswerepressinginonhim.一大堆惱人的心事涌上他的心頭。6.~sb(forsth)~sb(intosth/intodoingsth)tomakestrongeffortstopersuadeorforcesbtodosth催促；敦促；逼迫Ifpressed,hewilladmitthatheknewabouttheaffair.如果逼問他，他就會(huì)承認(rèn)對(duì)此事知情。Thebankispressingusforrepaymentoftheloan.銀行正在催我們償還貸款。Theyarepressingustomakeaquickdecision.他們正催促我們盡快作出決定。7.[VN]toexpressorrepeatsthwithforce堅(jiān)持；反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)Idon'twanttopressthepoint,butyoudooweme$200.我不想老提這一點(diǎn)，但你確實(shí)欠我200元錢。Sheisstillpressingherclaimforpensation.她仍然堅(jiān)持索賠。Theyweredeterminedtopresstheircaseatthehighestlevel.他們決心把事情鬧到最高層。8.tomakesthflatorsmoothbyusingforceorputtingsthheavyontop把…壓平；壓扁pressedflowers(=pressedbetweenthepagesofabook)夾在書頁中間壓扁的花Pressthesoilflatwiththebackofaspade.用鐵鍬背面把土拍平。9.[VN]tomakeclothessmoothusingahotiron熨平；燙平Mysuitneedspressing.我的西服該熨了。10.[VN]tosqueezethejuiceoutoffruitorvegetablesbyusingforceorweight把…榨汁；壓榨11.[VN]tomakesthfromamaterial,usingpressure把…壓成；壓制topressaCD壓制一張光盤Thecarbodiesarepressedoutofsheetsofmetal.汽車車身是用板金壓制成的。IDIOMS習(xí)語1.?press(the)flesh(ofafamouspersonorpolitician名人或政治人物)和群眾握手致意2.?presssthhome堅(jiān)持不懈；爭辯到底/把進(jìn)攻╱論證╱論點(diǎn)堅(jiān)持到底Simonsawshewashesitatingandpressedhomehisadvantage.西蒙見她猶豫不決，便趁機(jī)占盡優(yōu)勢。3.?presssb/sthintoservice姑且使用；臨時(shí)湊合Everytypeofboatwaspressedintoservicetorescuepassengersfromthesinkingferry.為了營救下沉渡輪上的旅客，各類船只都被臨時(shí)征用了。PHRASALVERBS短語動(dòng)詞1.?pressa?head/?on(withsth)堅(jiān)決繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；匆忙前進(jìn)；加緊Thepanyispressingaheadwithitsplansforanewwarehouse.這家公司正加緊推動(dòng)設(shè)置新倉庫的計(jì)劃?！甋hallwestayhereforthenight?’‘No,let'spresson.’“我們今晚在這里住下好嗎？”“不，咱們繼續(xù)走?！?.?pressforsth不斷要求Theycontinuedtopressforachangeinthelaw.他們不斷要求修改這項(xiàng)法律。3.?presssthonsb勉強(qiáng)某人接受；促某人吃（或喝）Shekeptpressingcakeonus.她非要我們吃蛋糕不可。2.shootv&nv(shotshot)1.~(sth)(atsb/sth)~sth(fromsth)tofireagunorotherweapon;tofiresthfromaweapon開（槍或其他武器）；射擊；發(fā)射Don'tshoot—Isurrender.別開槍—我投降。troopsshootingattheenemy向敵人射擊的部隊(duì)aseriousshootingincident嚴(yán)重的槍擊事件Thepolicerarelyshoottokill(=trytokillthepeopletheyshootat).一般來說，警察開槍不是要打死人。Heshotanarrowfromhisbow.他張弓射了一箭。Theyshotthelockoff(=removeditbyshooting).他們開槍把鎖打掉。2.tokillorwoundapersonorananimalwithabullet,etc.射殺；射傷Amanwasshotintheleg.一個(gè)人被射中腿部。Heshothimselfduringafitofdepression.他一時(shí)心灰意冷，開槍自殺了。Theguardswereorderedtoshootonsightanyonetryingtoescape.衛(wèi)兵接到命令，看見有誰企圖逃跑就立即開槍。Threepeoplewereshotdeadduringtherobbery.搶劫過程中有三人被開槍打死。3.(ofagunorotherweapon槍或其他武器)tofirebullets,etc.發(fā)射（子彈等）Thisisjustatoygun—itdoesn'tshootrealbullets.這只是一支玩具槍—不能射真子彈。4.tohuntandkillbirdsandanimalswithagunasasport打獵；狩獵；打（獵物）；獵殺toshootpheasants打野雞TheygoshootinginScotland.他們上蘇格蘭去打獵。5.[+adv./prep.]tomovesuddenlyorquicklyinonedirection;tomakesb/sthmoveinthisway（使朝某方向）沖，奔，撲，射，飛馳Aplaneshotacrossthesky.飛機(jī)掠過天空。Hishandshotouttograbher.他猛地伸出手去抓她。Flameswereshootingupthroughtheroof.火不斷從房頂躥上來。Theband'slastsingleshotstraighttonumberoneinthecharts.樂隊(duì)的最新單曲唱片在每周排行榜上一路飆升至首位。Heshotouthishandtograbher.他猛地伸出手去抓她。6.[V]tomovesuddenlyandquicklyandbeverysharp劇痛跳竄ashootingpainintheback背部的一陣劇痛Thepainshotupherarm.疼痛順著她的胳膊竄了上來。7.~sthatsb~sbsth[nopassive]todirectsthatsbsuddenlyorquickly突然把…投向Sheshotanangryglanceathim.她很生氣，瞪了他一眼。Sheshothimanangryglance.她很生氣，瞪了他一眼。Journalistswereshootingquestionsatthecandidates.記者紛紛向幾位候選人發(fā)問。8.tomakeafilm/movieorphotographofsth拍攝；攝影Camerasready?OK,shoot!攝影機(jī)準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？好，開拍！Wherewasthemovieshot?那部電影是在哪兒拍的？Themoviewasshotinblackandwhite.那部電影拍成了黑白片。9.~(atsth)(infootball(soccer),hockey,etc.足球、曲棍球等)totrytokick,hitorthrowtheballintoagoalortoscoreapoint射門；投籃Heshouldhaveshotinsteadofpassing.他本該射門，不該傳球。Afterschoolwe'dbeonthedrivewayshootingbaskets(=playingbasketball).放學(xué)后，我們就在車行道上打籃球。10.[VN](informal)(ingolf高爾夫球)tomakeaparticularscoreinapleteroundorpetition（在整場比賽中）擊出…桿Sheshota75inthefirstround.她在第一場比賽中擊出75桿。11.[VN](especiallyNAmE)toplayparticulargames玩，打（某種游戲）toshootpool打普爾IDIOMS習(xí)語1.be/getshotofsth/sb(BrEinformal)tonolongerhavesth;togetridofsth失去；擺脫；處理I'llbegladtogetshotofthiscar.我很想賣掉這輛車。2.haveshotyourbolt(informal)tohaveusedallyourpower,moneyorsupplies竭盡全力；傾其所有3.belikeshootingfishinabarrel(informal)usedtoemphasizehoweasyitistodosth易如反掌；探囊取物；手到擒來Whatdoyoumeanyoucan'tdoit?It'llbelikeshootingfishinabarrel!你說干不了是什么意思？這不是小事一樁嘛！4.shootthebreeze/bull(NAmEinformal)tohaveaconversationinaninformalway聊天；閑聊Wesataroundinthebar,shootingthebreeze.我們閑坐在酒吧里聊天。5.shootfromthehip輕率應(yīng)對(duì)；魯莽行事；倉促反應(yīng)6.shootyourselfinthefoot搬起石頭砸自己的腳7.shootitout(withsb)開槍拼個(gè)你死我活；（和…）決一死戰(zhàn)Thegangdecidedtoshootitoutwiththepolice.那伙匪徒?jīng)Q定開槍和警察死拼。8.shootthemessenger拿報(bào)信人出氣（而非責(zé)備問題的責(zé)任人）Don'tshootthemessenger!別錯(cuò)怪好人9.shootyourmouthoff(aboutsth)(1)totalkwithtoomuchprideaboutsth吹噓；大吹大擂(2)totalkaboutsththatisprivateorsecret張揚(yáng)；信口亂講（涉及隱私或秘密的事）10.shoottherapids急流劃艇PHRASALVERBS短語動(dòng)詞1.shootsb/sth←→down(1)tomakesb/sthfalltothegroundbyshootingthem/it射倒；擊斃；擊落Severalplaneswereshotdownbyenemyfire.幾架飛機(jī)被敵人的炮火擊落。(2)tobeverycriticalofsb'sideas,opinions,etc.批駁，駁倒，徹底推翻（觀點(diǎn)、意見等）Hislatesttheoryhasbeenshotdowninflames.他的最新理論被徹底推翻了。2.shootforsth力爭達(dá)到；努力獲取We'vebeenshootingforapayraiseformonths.幾個(gè)月來，我們一直在爭取加薪。3.shootoff迅速離去Ihadtoshootoffattheendofthemeeting.我不得不一散會(huì)就跑。4.shootthrough離去；躲避IwasonlyfivewhenmyDadshotthrough.我父親出走時(shí)我才五歲。5.shootup(1)togrowveryquickly躥個(gè)兒；迅速長高TheirkidshaveshotupsinceIlastsawthem.自我上次見了以后，他們家?guī)讉€(gè)孩子一下子長高了。(2)torisesuddenlybyalargeamount陡增；猛漲；迅速上升Ticketpricesshotuplastyear.去年票價(jià)猛漲(3)(slang)toinjectanillegaldrugdirectlyintoyourblood注射（毒品）6.?shootsth←→?up(1)tocausegreatdamagetosthbyshooting開槍打壞；擊毀(2)[nopassive](slang)toinjectanillegaldrugdirectlyintoyourblood注射（毒品）3.flexibleadj1.(approving)abletochangetosuitnewconditionsorsituations能適應(yīng)新情況的；靈活的；可變動(dòng)的amoreflexibleapproach更靈活的方法flexibleworkinghours彈性工作時(shí)間Ourplansneedtobeflexibleenoughtocaterfortheneedsofeveryone.我們的計(jì)劃必須能夠變通，以滿足每個(gè)人的需要。Youneedtobemoreflexibleandimaginativeinyourapproach.你的方法必須更加靈活，更富有想象力。2.abletobendeasilywithoutbreaking柔韌的；可彎曲的；有彈性的OPPinflexibleflexibleplastictubing撓性塑料管DERIVATIVES派生詞1.flexibility/?fleks??b?l?ti/n.[U]putersofferamuchgreaterdegreeofflexibilityinthewayworkisorganized.利用計(jì)算機(jī)，工作安排可以靈活得多。exercisestodeveloptheflexibilityofdancers'bodies增加跳舞者身體柔軟度的訓(xùn)練動(dòng)作flexiblyadv.putevtocalculatesth計(jì)算；估算Thelosseswereputedat￡5million.損失估算為500萬英鎊。adj.putational計(jì)算的puterized電腦的；電腦化的；用電腦處理的puterised電腦化的；計(jì)算化的putable可計(jì)算的n.puter計(jì)算機(jī)；電腦；電子計(jì)算機(jī)putation估計(jì)，計(jì)算puting計(jì)算；處理；從事電腦工作puterization電腦化；電子計(jì)算機(jī)化工作v.puting計(jì)算（pute的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）puterized用電子計(jì)算機(jī)控制（puterize的過去分詞）puterised使電腦化（puterise的過去分詞形式）；用電腦處理vt.puterize使電腦化；使計(jì)算機(jī)化；用電腦處理puterise（英）用計(jì)算機(jī)處理；給…裝備計(jì)算機(jī)（等于puterize）5.capableadj1.~ofsth/ofdoingsthhavingtheabilityorqualitiesnecessaryfordoingsth有能力；有才能He'squitecapableoflyingtogetoutoftrouble.靠撒謊渡過難關(guān)他挺有一套。I'mperfectlycapableofdoingitmyself,thankyou.謝謝，我完全有能力自己做。Youarecapableofbetterworkthanthis.你有能力做得比這更好。2.havingtheabilitytodothingswell能力強(qiáng)的；足以勝任的SYNskilledpetentOPPincapableShe'saverycapableteacher.她是一位能力很強(qiáng)的教師。I'llleavetheorganizationinyourcapablehands.我要把組織工作交給你這位能手。DERIVATIVES派生詞AdvCapably能干地n.capability才能，能力；性能，容量6.stuffn&vn[U]1.(informalsometimesdisapproving)usedtorefertoasubstance,material,groupofobjects,etc.whenyoudonotknowthename,whenthenameisnotimportantorwhenitisobviouswhatyouaretalkingabout（事物名稱不詳、無關(guān)緊要或所指事物明顯時(shí)用）東西，物品，玩意兒What'sallthatstickystuffonthecarpet?地毯上那黏乎乎的都是什么玩意兒？Thechairswerecoveredinsomesortofplasticstuff.椅子都包了一種塑料膜。Thiswineisgoodstuff.這酒不錯(cuò)。(disapproving)Idon'tknowhowyoucaneatthatstuff!我不明白你怎么能吃那種東西！Theysellstationeryandstuff(likethat).他們出售文具之類的東西。Where'sallmystuff(=mypossessions)?我那些東西都哪兒去了？(disapproving)Couldyoumoveallthatstuffoffthetable?請(qǐng)你把桌上那些玩意兒全都拿走好不好？2.(informal)usedtoreferinageneralwaytothingsthatpeopledo,say,think,etc.（泛指）活兒，話，念頭，東西I'vegotloadsofstufftodotoday.我今天有好多事兒要做。Ilikereadingandstuff.我喜歡看書什么的。Thebanddidsomegreatstuffontheirfirstalbum.這支樂隊(duì)首張專輯有幾支很棒的曲子。Thisisallgoodstuff.Welldone!這一切都不錯(cuò)，干得漂亮！What'sallthis‘MrsSmith’stuff?CallmeAnna.哪來的什么“史密斯夫人”那一套？叫我安娜好了。Idon'tbelieveinallthatstuffaboutghosts.我不信什么鬼呀魂呀的。3.~(ofsth)(formal)(literary)themostimportantfeatureofsth;somethingthatsthelseisbasedonorismadefrom基本特征；特質(zhì)；根本；基礎(chǔ)；原料Thetripwasmagical;thestuffofwhichdreamsaremade.那是一次奇妙的旅行，宛如夢境。Paradesandmarchesweretheverystuffofpoliticsintheregion.游行示威是那一地區(qū)政治生活的基本內(nèi)容。Let'sseewhatstuffyou'remadeof(=whatsortofpersonyouare).我們來看看你是怎樣一個(gè)人。IDIOMS習(xí)語1.doyourstuff(informal)todowhatyouaregoodatorwhatyouhavebeentrainedtodo施展自己的本事；露一手Somemembersoftheteamarejustnotdoingtheirstuff(=doingaswellastheyshould).隊(duì)中幾名成員壓根兒沒有使出自己的本事。(figurative)Themedicinehasclearlydoneitsstuff.這藥顯然起作用了。2.notgiveastuff(BrEslang)tonotcareatallaboutsth一點(diǎn)不在乎3.stuffandnonsense(oldfashionedinformal)usedbysomepeopletosaythattheythinkthatsthisstupidornottrue廢話；胡說八道V1.~A(withB)~B(in,into,under,etc.A)tofillaspaceorcontainertightlywithsth填滿；裝滿；塞滿；灌滿Shehad500envelopestostuffwithleaflets.她得在500個(gè)信封里裝上傳單。Shehad500leafletstostuffintoenvelopes.她得把500份傳單裝進(jìn)信封里。Thefridgeisstuffedtobursting.冰箱滿得都快撐破了。Allthedrawerswerestuffedfulloflettersandpapers.所有抽屜里都放滿了信函文件。2.[VN+adv./prep.]topushsthquicklyandcarelesslyintoasmallspace把…塞進(jìn)（或填進(jìn)）SYNshoveShestuffedthemoneyunderacushion.她把錢塞到軟墊底下。Hishandswerestuffedinhispockets.他兩手插在口袋里。3.[VN]tofillavegetable,chicken,etc.withanothertypeoffood在（蔬菜、雞等）里填入（另外一種食物）；給…裝餡Areyougoingtostufftheturkey?你打算給火雞加填料嗎？stuffedpeppers釀柿子椒4.[VN]~yourface~sb/yourself(withsth)(informal)toeatalotoffoodortoomuchfood;togivesbalotortoomuchtoeat（使）吃撐，吃足，吃得過飽Hesatatthetablestuffinghimself.他坐在桌前大吃大嚼。Don'tstuffthekidswithchocolatebeforetheirdinner.正餐前不要給孩子一個(gè)勁地吃巧克力。Westuffedourfacesattheparty.我們?cè)诰蹠?huì)時(shí)都吃撐了。5.[VN][usuallypassive]tofillthedeadbodyofananimalwithmaterialandpreserveit,sothatitkeepsitsoriginalshapeandappearance制作（動(dòng)物）標(biāo)本Theyhadhadtheirpetdogstuffed.他們請(qǐng)人把他們的寵物狗制成了標(biāo)本。IDIOMS習(xí)語1.getstuffed(BrEinformal)usedtotellsbinarudeandangrywaytogoaway,orthatyoudonotwantsth滾開；不稀罕2.stuffit(informal)usedtoshowthatyouhavechangedyourmindaboutsthordonotcareaboutsth（表示改變了主意或不在乎）管它呢，去它的Ididn'twantapartintheplay,thenIthought—stuffit—whynot?我本來沒想在劇中扮演角色，然后又一想—管它呢—干嗎不演？3.you,etc.canstuffsth(informal)usedtotellsbinarudeandangrywaythatyoudonotwantsth（粗暴或氣憤地拒絕）還是收起你的寶貝吧Itoldthemtheycouldstufftheirjob.我告訴他們說我不稀罕他們的工作。同根詞：n.stuffing填料，填塞物stuffer填塞工；填充物；信件附頁；（美）填塞走私犯；填充線7.desiren&vn1.[CU]~(forsth)~(todosth)astrongwishtohaveordosth愿望；欲望；渴望astrongdesireforpower強(qiáng)烈的權(quán)力欲enoughmoneytosatisfyallyourdesires足夠的錢來滿足你所有的欲望Shefeltanoverwhelmingdesiretoreturnhome.她感到想回家的愿望難以遏制。Ihavenodesire(=Idonotwant)todiscussthematterfurther.我不想再談此事。Hehasexpressedadesiretoseeyou.他表示想見見你。2.[UC]~(forsb)astrongwishtohavesexwithsb情欲；肉欲；性欲Shefeltasurgeofloveanddesireforhim.她對(duì)他驟生愛意，欲火攻心。3.[Cusuallysing.]apersonorthingthatiswishedfor想望的人；渴望的事物Whensheagreedtomarryhimhefelthehadachievedhisheart'sdesire.當(dāng)她答應(yīng)嫁給他時(shí)，他感到終于得到了自己的心上人。V1.(formal)towantsth;towishforsth渴望；期望；想望Wealldesirehealthandhappiness.我們都渴望健康和幸福。Thehousehadeverythingyoucoulddesire.這房子你要什么有什么。Themedicinedidnotachievethedesiredeffect.這種藥未達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。Fewerpeopledesiretoliveinthenorthofthecountry.想住在這個(gè)國家北方的人就更少了。2.tobesexuallyattractedtosb被（某人）吸引；對(duì)（某人）產(chǎn)生性欲Hestilldesiredher.他依然對(duì)她有欲望。IDIOMS習(xí)語leavealot,much,something,etc.tobedesiredtobebadorunacceptable還有許多（或一些等）需要改進(jìn)的地方同根詞：adj.desirable令人滿意的；值得要的desired渴望的；想得到的desirous渴望的；想要的n.desirable合意的人或事物desirability愿望；有利條件；值得向往的事物；合意desirableness滿意；愿望passiveadj&nAdj1.acceptingwhathappensorwhatpeopledowithouttryingtochangeanythingoropposethem消極的；被動(dòng)的Heplayedapassiveroleintherelationship.他在他們的關(guān)系中處于被動(dòng)地位。apassiveobserverofevents列席觀察員2.(grammar語法)connectedwiththeformofaverbusedwhenthesubjectisaffectedbytheactionoftheverb,forexampleHewasbittenbyadog.isapassivesentence（動(dòng)詞形式）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的N(passivevoice)[sing.](grammar語法)theformofaverbusedwhenthesubjectisaffectedbytheactionoftheverb動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式；被動(dòng)語態(tài)同根詞：adv.passively被動(dòng)地；順從地n.passivation[化學(xué)]鈍化；鈍化處理passivity被動(dòng)性；被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)；無抵抗passiveness被動(dòng)；順從passivism消極主義；被動(dòng)性Beyondprep&advPrep1.onortothefurthersideofsth在（或向）…較遠(yuǎn)的一邊Theroadcontinuesbeyondthevillageupintothehills.那條路經(jīng)過村子后又往上延伸到群山中。2.laterthanaparticulartime晚于；遲于Itwon'tgoonbeyondmidnight.這事不會(huì)延續(xù)到午夜以后。IknowwhatI'llbedoingforthenextthreeweeksbutIhaven'tthoughtbeyondthat.我知道我未來三周要干什么，但再往后我還沒有想過。3.morethansth超出；除…之外Oursuccesswasfarbeyondwhatwethoughtpossible.我們的成功遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們的估計(jì)范圍。She'sgotnothingbeyondherstatepension.除了政府發(fā)的養(yǎng)老金外，她什么都沒有。4.usedtosaythatsthisnotpossible（表示不可能）Thebicyclewasbeyondrepair(=istoobadlydamagedtorepair).自行車已損壞得無法修理。Thesituationisbeyondourcontrol.我們已無法控制這一局面。5.toofarortooadvancedforsb/sth超出…之外；非…所能及Thehandlewasjustbeyondmyreach.我差一點(diǎn)兒才夠得著把手。Theexercisewasbeyondtheabilitiesofmostoftheclass.這個(gè)練習(xí)超出了班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生的能力。IDIOMS習(xí)語bebeyondsb:(informal)tobeimpossibleforsbtoimagine,understandordo使某人無法想象（或理解、做等）It'sbeyondmewhyshewantstomarryJeff.我無法理解她為什么要嫁給杰夫。Advontheotherside;furtheron在另一邊；在（或向）更遠(yuǎn)處；以遠(yuǎn)Snowdonandthemountainsbeyondwerecoveredinsnow.斯諾登山及其以遠(yuǎn)的山脈都被積雪覆蓋著。Theimmediatefutureisclear,butit'shardtotellwhatliesbeyond.最近的將來已經(jīng)明朗，但更往后就很難說了。theyear2005andbeyond2005年及以后10.instancen&vnaparticularexampleorcaseofsth例子；事例；實(shí)例Thereporthighlightsanumberofinstancesofinjustice.這篇報(bào)道重點(diǎn)列舉了一些不公正的實(shí)例。Inmostinstances,therewillbenoneedforfurthertreatment.多數(shù)情況下，不必繼續(xù)治療。Iwouldnormallysuggesttakingtimeoffwork,butinthisinstanceI'mnotsurethatwoulddoanygood.我通常會(huì)建議休假，但就這個(gè)情況而言，我不敢保證休假會(huì)有什么好處。IDIOMS習(xí)語1.forinstance=forexample例如；比如Whatwouldyoudo,forinstance,ifyoufoundamemberofstaffstealing?比如說，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)有職員偷東西，你會(huì)怎么辦？2.inthefirstinstance:(formal)asthefirstpartofaseriesofactions第一；首先Inthefirstinstance,notifythepoliceandthencontactyourinsurancepany.首先是報(bào)警，然后與你的保險(xiǎn)公司聯(lián)系。V)togivesthasanexample舉…為例形近詞：instantadj&nadj1.[usuallybeforenoun]happeningimmediately立即的；立刻的SYNimmediateShetookaninstantdisliketome.她立刻就討厭我。Thisaccountgivesyouinstantaccesstoyourmoney.這個(gè)賬戶讓你隨時(shí)調(diào)動(dòng)款項(xiàng)。Theshowwasaninstantsuccess.演出一炮打響。2.[onlybeforenoun](offood食物)thatcanbemadequicklyandeasily,usuallybyaddinghotwater速食的；即食的；速溶的；方便的eg:instantcoffee速溶咖啡N[usuallysing.]1.averyshortperiodoftime瞬間；片刻SYN=momentI'llbebackinaninstant.我馬上就回來。JustforaninstantIthoughthewasgoingtorefuse.剎那間我以為他會(huì)拒絕。2.aparticularpointintime某一時(shí)刻Atthat(very)instant,thedooropened.就在那時(shí)，門開了。Irecognizedhertheinstant(that)(=assoonas)Isawher.我一眼就認(rèn)出她了。eherethisinstant(=immediately)!馬上過來！同根詞：adj.instantaneous瞬間的；即時(shí)的；猝發(fā)的adv.instantly立即地；馬上地；即刻地conj.instantly一…就…n.instancy迫切；緊急；瞬間11.significantadj1.largeorimportantenoughtohaveaneffectortobenoticed有重大意義的；顯著的ahighlysignificantdiscovery有重大意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)Theresultsoftheexperimentarenotstatisticallysignificant.從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)看，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果意義不明顯。Therearenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsofstudents.這兩組學(xué)生沒有明顯差別。Yourworkhasshownasignificantimprovement.你的工作有了顯著改進(jìn)。Itissignificantthatgirlsgenerallydobetterinexaminationsthanboys.很明顯，女生的考試成績一般比男生的好。2.havingaparticularmeaning有某種意義的Itissignificantthathechangedhiswillonlydaysbeforehisdeath.他在臨終前幾天修改遺囑，這很能說明問題。3.[usuallybeforenoun]havingaspecialorsecretmeaningthatisnotunderstoodbyeveryone別有含義的；意味深長的SYNmeaningfulasignificantlook/smile意味深長的眼神╱微笑同根詞：adj.significative有意義的；表示…的；為…提供推定證據(jù)的adv.significantly意味深長地；值得注目地n.significance意義；重要性；意思signification意義；表示vi.signify有重要性；要緊；冒充內(nèi)行vt.signify表示；意味；預(yù)示12.injurev1.toharmyourselforsbelsephysically,especiallyinanaccident（尤指在事故中）傷害，使受傷Heinjuredhiskneeplayinghockey.他打曲棍球時(shí)膝蓋受傷。Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.撞車事故中有三人死亡，五人受傷。2.todamagesb'sreputation,pride,etc.損害，傷害（名譽(yù)、自尊等）Thiscouldseriouslyinjurethepany'sreputation.這會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害公司的聲譽(yù)。SYNONYMS同義詞辨析wound?hurt?bruise?maim?sprain?pull?twist?strain以上各詞主要指在事故中傷害、使受傷。1.injure尤指在事故中傷害、使受傷：Heinjuredhiskneeplayinghockey.他打曲棍球時(shí)膝蓋受了傷。Threepeoplewereinjuredinthecrash.撞車事故中有三人受傷。2.wound[oftenpassive]n指使身體受傷，尤指用武器傷害：50peoplewereseriouslywoundedintheattack.這次襲擊中有50人受重傷。NOTEWoundisoftenusedtotalkaboutpeoplebeinghurtinwarorinotherattackswhichaffectalotofpeople.wound常指在戰(zhàn)爭中或在波及許多人的其他襲擊中受傷。3.hurt指（使）疼痛、受傷：Didyouhurtyourself?你傷著自己了嗎？hurtorinjure?用hurt還是injure？在事故中身體受傷可用hurt或injure，hurt強(qiáng)調(diào)引起的身體疼痛，injure強(qiáng)調(diào)身體部位受到某種程度的損傷。4.bruise指摔傷、撞傷、（使）出現(xiàn)淤傷5.maim指使殘廢、使受重傷6.sprain扭傷（踝、腕、膝）7.pull拉傷，扭傷（肌肉等）8.twist扭傷（踝、腕、膝）sprainortwist?用sprain還是twist？sprain作名詞表示踝、腕、膝扭傷引起疼痛或腫脹，作動(dòng)詞表示使踝、腕、膝扭傷；twist作動(dòng)詞表示扭傷踝、腕、膝。9.strain指損傷、拉傷、扭傷：?Don'tstrainyoureyesbyreadinginpoorlight.別在光線差的地方看書把眼睛給傷了。PATTERNSANDCOLLECTIONS●toinjure/hurt/strainyourself●toinjure/hurt/sprain/pull/strainamuscle●toinjure/hurt/sprain/twistyourankle/foot/knee●toinjure/hurt/sprainyourwrist/hand●toinjure/hurt/strainyourback/shoulder/eyes●toinjure/hurtyourspine/neck●tobebadly/seriously/severely/slightlyinjured/wounded/hurt/bruised/maimed/sprained●tobeslightlyinjured/wounded/hurt/bruised/sprained同根詞：adj.injured受傷的；受損害的injurious有害的；誹謗的adv.injuriously有害地；傷害地n.injury傷害，損害；受傷處13.chemistn1.(alsodispensingchemist)(bothBrE)(NAmEalsodruggist)apersonwhosejobistoprepareandsellmedicines,andwhoworksinashop藥劑師；藥商——parepharmacist2.chemist's(BrE)ashop/storethatsellsmedicinesandusuallyalsosoap,makeup,etc.藥房；（通常也出售肥皂、化妝品等的）藥店Youcanobtaintheproductfromallgoodchemists.你可從各大藥房買到這種產(chǎn)品。Takethisprescriptiontothechemist's.帶著這張藥方到藥房去。I'llgetitatthechemist's.我要去藥房買。achemist's/chemistshop藥房ascientistwhostudieschemistry化學(xué)家aresearchchemist從事研究工作的化學(xué)家同根詞:adj.chemical化學(xué)的chemic化學(xué)的；煉金術(shù)的adv.chemically用化學(xué)；以化學(xué)方法n.chemical化學(xué)制品，化學(xué)藥品chemistry化學(xué)；化學(xué)過程chemotherapy[臨床]化學(xué)療法astronomernascientistwhostudiesastronomy天文學(xué)家同根詞：adj.astronomical天文的，天文學(xué)的；極大的astronomic天文學(xué)的；星學(xué)的adv.astronomically天文學(xué)上地；宇航學(xué)地；天體地n.astronomy天文學(xué)astronavigation太空航行；[航]天文導(dǎo)航15.accurateadj1.correctandtrueineverydetail正確無誤的anaccuratedescription/account/calculation準(zhǔn)確的描述╱敘述╱計(jì)算accurateinformation/data正確無誤的情報(bào)╱資料Accuraterecordsmustbekept.必須保存準(zhǔn)確的記錄。2.abletogivepletelycorrectinformationortodosthinanexactway精確的；準(zhǔn)確的ahighlyaccurateelectronicpass高度精確的電子羅盤儀accuratetowithin3mm精確得誤差不超過3毫米Mywatchisnotveryaccurate.我的表走得不很準(zhǔn)。3.anaccuratethrow,shot,weapon,etc.hitsorreachesthethingthatitwasaimedat準(zhǔn)確的（擲、射、擊等）OPPinaccurateDERIVATIVES派生詞Accuratelyadvn.accuracy[數(shù)]精確度，準(zhǔn)確性Thearticleaccuratelyreflectspublicopinion.文章如實(shí)反映了公眾的意見。Youneedtohittheballaccurately.你必須準(zhǔn)確擊球。16.minoradj/n&vadj1.[usuallybeforenoun]notverylarge,importantorserious較小的；次要的；輕微的OPPmajoraminorroad小路minorinjuries輕傷toundergominorsurgery做小手術(shù)youthsimprisonedforminoroffences因犯輕罪而被關(guān)押的年輕人Theremaybesomeminorchangestotheschedule.時(shí)間安排也許會(huì)有些小小的變動(dòng)。Womenplayedarelativelyminorroleintheorganization.在這個(gè)組織中，婦女發(fā)揮著相對(duì)次要的作用。2.(music音)basedonascaleinwhichthethirdnoteisasemitone/halftonehigherthanthesecondnote小調(diào)的；小音階的thekeyofCminorC小調(diào)N1.(law律)apersonwhoisundertheageatwhichyoulegallybeeanadultandareresponsibleforyouractions未成年人Itisanoffencetoservealcoholtominors.向未成年人提供含酒精的飲料是違法的。(especiallyNAmE)asubjectthatyoustudyatuniversityinadditiontoyourmajor輔修科目；輔修課程Vminorinsth(NAmE)tostudysthatcollege,butnotasyourmainsubject輔修同根詞：adj.minority少數(shù)的；屬于少數(shù)派的n.minority少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)派；未成年17.originn1.thepointfromwhichsthstarts;thecauseofsth起源；源頭；起因theoriginsoflifeonearth地球上生命的起源Mostcoughsareviralinorigin(=causedbyavirus).咳嗽大多是由病毒引發(fā)的。Theoriginofthewordremainsobscure.該詞的來源尚不清楚。ThisparticularcustomhasitsoriginsinWales.這一特殊風(fēng)俗起源于威爾士。2.aperson'ssocialandfamilybackground身世；出身Shehasrisenfromhumbleoriginstoimmensewealth.她出身卑微，終成巨富。childrenofvariousethnicorigins各族裔的兒童peopleofGermanorigin德裔民眾aperson'scountryoforigin(=wheretheywereborn)某人的出生國同根詞：adj.original原始的；最初的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；新穎的adv.originally最初，起初；本來n.original原件；原作；原物；原型originality創(chuàng)意；獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，創(chuàng)造力；原始；新奇originator發(fā)起人；起源；起因origination起源；開始；起始vi.originate發(fā)源；發(fā)生；起航vt.originate引起；創(chuàng)作18.species:agroupintowhichanimals,plants,etc.thatareabletobreedwitheachotherandproducehealthyyoungaredivided,smallerthanagenusandidentifiedbyaLatinname種，物種（分類上小于屬）ararespeciesofbeetle一種稀有甲蟲Therearemanyspeciesofdog(s).狗有許多種。aconservationareaforendangeredspecies瀕危物種保護(hù)區(qū)endangeredspecies瀕危物種瀕臨滅絕的物種瀕危種瀕危動(dòng)物19.extraordinaryadj1.unexpected,surprisingorstrange意想不到的；令人驚奇的；奇怪的SYNincredibleIt'sextraordinarythathemanagedtosleepthroughtheparty.真想不到他竟然從聚會(huì)開始一直睡到結(jié)束。Whatanextraordinarythingtosay!真是咄咄怪事！2.notnormalorordinary;greaterorbetterthanusual不平常的；不一般的；非凡的；卓越的anextraordinaryachievement卓越的成就Shewasatrulyextraordinarywoman.她是位非常杰出的女性。Theywenttoextraordinarylengthstoexplaintheirbehaviour.他們竭力為自己的行為辯解。3.[onlybeforenoun](formal)(ofameeting,etc.會(huì)議等)arrangedforaspecialpurposeandhappeninginadditiontowhatnormallyorregularlyhappens特別的；臨時(shí)的Anextraordinarymeetingwasheldtodiscusstheproblem.舉行了特別會(huì)議討論這個(gè)問題。4.(technical術(shù)語)(ofanofficial官員)(followingnouns緊接名詞之后)employedforaspecialpurposeinadditiontotheusualstaff特派的；特命的anenvoyextraordinary特使DERIVATIVES派生詞ExtraordinarilyadvHebehavesextraordinarilyforsomeoneinhisposition.對(duì)他那種地位的人來說，他的行為很特別。extraordinarilydifficult特別困難Shedidextraordinarilywell.她干得特別好。20.brilliantadj1.extremelycleverorimpressive巧妙的；使人印象深的Whatabrilliantidea!真是個(gè)絕妙的主意！abrilliantperformance/invention出色的表演；杰出的發(fā)明2.verysuccessful很成功的abrilliantcareer一帆風(fēng)順的事業(yè)Theplaywasabrilliantsuccess.那出劇獲得了巨大成功。3.veryintelligentorskilful聰穎的；技藝高的abrilliantyoungscientist一位才華橫溢的青年科學(xué)家Shehasoneofthemostbrilliantmindsinthecountry.她是全國最有才氣的人之一。4.(oflightorcolours光線或色彩)verybright明亮的；鮮艷的brilliantsunshine明媚的陽光brilliantblueeyes湛藍(lán)的眼睛5.(BrEinformal)verygood;excellent很好的；杰出的‘Howwasit?’‘Brilliant!’“怎么樣？”“棒極了！”Thanks.You'vebeenbrilliant(=veryhelpful).多謝。你幫大忙了。DERIVATIVES派生詞1.brilliancen.[U]2.brilliantlyadv.Theplanworkedbrilliantly.計(jì)劃實(shí)施得十分順利。Itwasbrilliantlysunny.陽光明媚。21.theoryn1.[CU]aformalsetofideasthatisintendedtoexplainwhysthhappensorexists學(xué)說；論；說Accordingtothetheor