初三第二次模擬考試英語試卷第一部分聽力(共四節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽句子，選擇最佳答語。(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)1.A.Youaregreat.B.Youarewelcome.C.Youareright.2.A.Spring.B.It'scold.C.It'sgettingdark.3.A.Soundsgood.B.Great.C.That'swrong.4.A.Yes,sheis.B.Yes,shewill.C.No,shedoesn'tlikeit.5.A.Iloseit.B.Iforgetit.C.Ihaveacold.第二節(jié)聽對話和問題，選擇正確答案。(共13小題；每小題1分，滿分13分)6.Whichanimaldoestheboywanttokeep?A.B.C.7.WhatisLunadoingnow?A.B.C.8.Whereshouldthemangofirst?A.Hangzhou.B.Chongqing.C.Chengdu.9.WhowillgowiththemantoChongqing?A.Onlyhimself.B.Hisparents.C.Hischildren.10.WhatclubdidSherryjoinlastThursday?A.Thevolleyballclub.B.Thefootballclub.C.Thebasketballclub.11.WhydoesJasonlikebasketball?A.Becauseitisinteresting.B.Becauseitkeepshimstrong.C.Becausehecanmakemorefriends.12.Whendidtheboystarthavingastomachache?AThismorning.B.Atnoon.C.Lastnight.13.Whatdidtheboyhaveatnoonyesterday?A.Nothing.B.Noodlesandicyjuice.C.Breadandmilk.14.Howoftenshouldtheboytakesomemedicine?A.Onceaday.B.Twiceaday.C.Threetimesaday.15.WhatdoesTinawanttotakeup?A.Anewhobby.B.Anewlanguage.C.Anewsubject.16.WhichkindofpaintingisMikeinterestedin?A.Oilpainting.B.Chinesepainting.C.Modernpainting.17.WhatdoesTinathinkofstartingpaintingnow?A.It'slate.B.It'snice.C.It'scool.18.WhatisMike'sadviceforTina?A.Joiningaclub.B.Learningtopaint.C.Lookingupinformation.第三節(jié)聽短文和問題，選擇正確答案。(共7小題；每小題1分，滿分7分)19.Whatmusicalinstrumentshasthespeakerlearned?A.Theguitarandthedrum.B.Thepianoandtheviolin.C.Theguzhengandtheerhu.20.Whendoesthespeakerpracticetheinstruments?A.Ontheweekend.B.Inthefreetime.C.Inthemorning.21.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttointroducetotheworld?A.Chinesemusic.B.ChinesemusiciansC.Chineseinstruments.22.Howdidthestudentsgettothemuseum?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.23.Whatdidthestudentsdointhemorning?A.Theywatchedahistoryfilm.B.Theyenjoyeddifferentshows.C.Theysangsongsalongtheway.24.Whatisthefilmabout?3A.Theartofthecountry.B.Thehistoryofthecity.C.Thebeginningoftheuniverse.25.Whatdidstudentsshareonthewaybacktoschool?A.Snacks.B.Stories.C.Feelings.第四節(jié)聽短文填空(共5題；每題1分，滿分5分)InformationSheetADiaryPlace:afarminthecountrysideWeather:sunnybutnotveryhotWhentheysetout:26.about__________a.m.Activities:27.playedgamesandwentfishingbythe__________28.had__________atarestaurantnearthefarm29.helpedfarmers__________theplantsandtookmanyphotosFeelings:30.alittle__________butwishedtogothereagain第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分25分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10題；每小題1分，滿分10分)Gatheringallmystrength,Ijumpeduphighintheairandlandedinthesandpit.“3.55metres!”thereferee(裁判)announced.___1___theresultwasmybestbythen,Iwasnotpleasedwithit.Ihavebeencompetinginthelongjumpsinceprimaryschool,soforme,Iwaslikelytosucceed.Butthistime,___2___seemedfarfromme.Aftertryingseveraltimes,Ilostheartandwantedto___3___.AsIreachedthelastroundofthejump,myworryandself-doubtbuiltupinside.Itseemedthatallmyeffortshadbeenmeaningless.Istoodatthestartingline,mymindtotallyblank(空白的)andmyhandwet.Withmyclassmatescheering___4___aroundme,Istartedrunning.Itriedusingmyarmsandshoulderstorunfaster,butmybodystartedtoshowthatIwaswornout.Asthehighlightofthisterm,thislong-awaitedsportseventbecamemyWaterloo.___5___failurewasthelastthingIwanted.Whenmyfriendscametocomfortme,Icouldn’tevensayaword.TheytoldmeIhaddonewellandtheywereproudofme.Thesewordswerelikewarmwind,blowingawaythedarkcloudsinmyheart.Throughthisexperience,Irealizethatfailureisthemost___6___thinginlife.Wemeetdifferentkindsoffailureseverywhere.Failuremakesusbetterunderstandourselvesandour___7___.Anditcanmakeusgetstrongerandstronger.That’sbecauseitnotonlyallowsustoget___8___fromit,butalsomakesusimproveourselves.What’smore,Iam___9___thatIhavetheclassmateswhocareaboutme.Thecourageto____10____isthemostimportant.Iwillpracticemoreanddobetternexttime.1.A.Because B.Although C.When D.If2.A.truth B.peace C.victory D.help3.A.lookup B.getup C.cleanup D.giveup4.A.loudly B.probably C.quickly D.simply5.A.Fearing B.Refusing C.Accepting D.Preventing6.A.dangerous B.careful C.difficult D.common7.A.discoveries B.disabilities C.disadvantages D.discussions8.A.subjects B.seasons C.lessons D.classes9.A.helpful B.thankful C.useful D.hopeful10.A.imagine B.remember C.suppose D.continue第二節(jié)短文填空(共15題；每題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。Lastweekend,ourschoolheldacharitysale.Allthestudentsenjoyed_____11_____(they)whilepreparingsomethingstosell.Somestudentsbroughtsomethingbasedontheir_____12_____(hobby),likemodelcarsforthosewholovedbuildingmodels.IbroughtsomeoldbooksandtoysthatInolongerused.MyfriendLilyhelpedmedeal_____13_____theprices.Shealsomadeasignthatsaid,“Buyagift,helpachild,”whichmademeremindmyownexperience_____14_____volunteeringatanorphanage.We_____15_____(sell)outtheoldthingsquickly.Ourteachersaidthesalewasheld_____16_____(successful).Abeautifulpainting_____17_____(choose)asthemostpopularthingbyourteacher.Sofar,we_____18_____(raise)over2,000yuanforthechildreninpoorareas.It’sagreatpleasuretoseeeveryone'skindness.Nextmonth,we_____19_____(visit)avillageschool.Weplantobringthemoneyandsomebooks.Ourteacherwarnedusnot.______20______(forget)topreparesmallgifts.Inordertoprotectthebooksfrom______21______(get)wet,wepackedtheminstrongboxes.Canyouimaginehowhappythechildrentherewillbe?Eachofuswilltryourbesttomakethevisit______22______(wonder)andenjoyable.Onthe______23______(three)dayofourpreparation,wefoundanoldphotoalbum.Insidewerepicturesoffallenleavesandsmilingfaces.Itfeltlike______24______bridgeconnectingourworldwiththeirs.Wewrotesomewarmwordsandwishesoneachpage,lookingforwardtoseeingthematonce.Theactivitymayendquickly,______25______thememoriesofhelpingotherswillstaylong.第三部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共15題；每題2分，滿分30分)AOnSept28,theChinaMannedSpaceAgency(CMSA)showedanewspacesuit(宇航服)forlandingonthemoon.Thisispartofthecountry’splantosendastronautstothemoonby2030.Theagencyisalsoinvitingpeopletohelppickanameforthespacesuit.Thespacesuitismadewithmanynewtechnologies.ItislighterandmorecomfortablethanotherChinesespacesuits.①M(fèi)aterial材質(zhì)Theenvironmentonthemoonisharsh(惡劣的).Itcanbeascoldas-210℃andashotas121℃.Thereisalsoalotofdust.Toprotecttheastronauts,scientistsusedaspecialkindoffabric(面料)tomakethespacesuit.

②Controlpanel控制臺Onthefrontofthespacesuit,thereisacontrolpanel.Ithasmanyfunctionsandisveryeasytouse.③Cameras攝像機(jī)Therearecamerasonbothsidesofthehelmet.Theycantakevideosofthingscloseupandfaraway.

④Visor頭盔面窗Thehelmethasaspecialvisor.Itcanstopthebrightsunlightfromhurtingtheastronauts’eyes.Italsogivesastronautsawiderandclearerview.

⑤Joints關(guān)節(jié)Thejointsofthespacesuitareveryflexible.Wearingit,astronautscanmovetheirarmsandlegseasilyinspace.26.WhatdidCMSAinvitethepublictodo?A.Testthespacesuit. B.Namethespacesuit.C.Choosethespacesuit. D.Producethespacesuit.27.Whydidscientistschooseaspecialkindoffabricforthespacesuit?A.Tomakethespacesuitfashionable. B.Toprotecttheastronautsfromtheharshenvironment.C.Toreducethecostofthespacesuit. D.Toincreasetheweightofthespacesuit.28.Whereisthisarticleprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Astorybook. C.Anewswebsite. D.Atravelguide.BOneday,whileMr.Worthwasreadingabook,hisgrandsonShawnranintothehouseafterschool.Hetoldhisgrandfatheraboutaclassscienceprojectthathewasveryexcitedabout.Eachstudentwasgoingtogrowapotofbeanplants.Whentheplantsgrewbigandstrong,thestudentsweretoplanttheminagardenatschool.Theyallwantedtogrowthestrongestandbestbeanplant.Shawnshowedhisgrandfatherthebeanseeds.Heexplainedthathisteachertaughtthemhowtomaketheseedsgrow.First,theyputtheseedsonawetpapertowel(紙巾).Then,putthemnearawindowtoletthemgetsomesun.Whentheseedssprout(發(fā)芽),theyarereadytobemovedintoasmallpot.Afterlisteningtohisgrandson,Mr.Worthsaid,“Youdojustasyouhavelearned,butIwanttoshowyouonemorethingaboutgrowingplants.”“WhenIwasaboy,myfathershowedmehowtogrowstrongplants,”hecontinued.“Whentheplantisstartingout,youputsomeweightonit.”Shawnlookedathisgrandfatherunbelievably.“Doesn’ttheweightstopthebeanfromgrowing?”heasked.“No,ofcoursenot.Thisway,youwillforcethebeanplanttobestrongandhealthy.Ifyougiveiteverythingitwants,itwillgrowtoofastanditwillbeweak.Thenwhenthefirstbigwindblows,itwillfallover.”Shawnlistenedcarefully.Hewantedtogrowthebeaninthewayhisgrandfatherdescribed.Hecouldhardlywaittotellhisfriendswhathehadlearnedthatday.29.WherecouldheplantitifShawngrewthestrongestbeanplant?A.Inapot. B.Onawetpapertowel.C.Inagardenatschool. D.Inhishouse30.HowwouldShawngrowthebeanplant?Putthefollowingpicturesintherightorder.abcdeA.c-a-e-d-b B.a-c-e-b-d C.e-c-a-b-d D.c-e-a-b-d31.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Keepondoingthingstotheend. B.Successdependsonhardworkandpatience.C.Learntogrowunderpressure,justlikeplants. D.Givetheplanteverythingitwantstomakeitstrong.CTheUNESCOadded“SpringFestival”totheWorldIntangibleCulturalHeritageonDecember4th,2024.TheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsbothinChinaandaroundtheworld.Whatdoyouusuallydoduringthisfestival?Cleanuptherooms,hangredlanternsorwatchSpringFestivalGala?AllofthemaretraditionsduringtheSpringFestival.Butthereisanotherkeyparttothecelebrations:puttinguptheredSpringFestivalcouplets!Couplets,alsonamedduilian,areaspecialformofliteratureinChina.TheycamefromtaofuinZhouDynastyandpeopleputupcoupletsonthedoortokeepawayfromevilspirits(辟邪).EverySpringFestival,whetherincitiesorvillages,richorpoor,everyfamilywillcarefullychooseapairofcoupletsandputitup.Hereareafewrulesforthecouplets.Thefirstlineisontheright,andthesecondlineisontheleft.Eachlinemusthavethesamenumberofwords.Thesecondlineissimilartothefirstlineinbothgrammarandartisticconception(意象).Finally,ashortphrasecalledcrossing(橫批)isalsoneededtomakeupthecouplets.Thetextonthecoupletsisalwayssimplebutmeaningful,whichshowspeople’sgoodwishes.Nowadays,moreandmoreforeignersbegintocelebratetheSpringFestival.Let’stakealookattwoEnglishcoupletswithChinesecharacteristics.32.Howmanypartsdoesapairofcoupletshaveaccordingtothetext?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.33.Accordingtothepassage,whichisthebestfor“▲”inthesecondcouplet?A.GreatHopefortheFuture B.GoodLuckfortheRoadtoGoC.WishYouaRichandLuckyYear D.SummerFlowersintheGardentoGrow34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.PeopleinXiaDynastyputupcoupletstokeepawayfromevilspirits.B.Onlyrichmenincitieswillchooseandputupcouplets.C.Atraderwithkidswillprobablychoosethefirstcouplet.D.Thewordsonthecoupletswillcometruethenextyear.35.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowtheSpringFestivalwasaddedtotheWorldIntangibleCulturalHeritage.B.ThetraditionsandrulesofSpringFestivalcouplets.C.HowforeignerscelebratetheSpringFestival.D.TheimportanceoftheSpringFestivalaroundtheworld.DDoeslifesometimesseemtobefullofimpossibleproblems?Howmanytimes,forexample,doyoufindyourselfsayingthingslike“Ireallydon’tunderstandthismathsproblem”,or“Ican’tgetintotheschoolteam”?Well,maybeit’stimetointroduceyourselftothepowerof“yet”.Byaddingthissimpleword,youcanchangeeverything.“Ireallydon’tunderstandthismathsproblemyet.”“Ican’tgetintotheschoolteamyet.”Suddenly,theimpossiblebecomespossible.Youcanimaginethosethingshappening.Ireadaboutaschoolthathaschangedthewayitmarksitsstudents’exams.Theschoolfindoutthattheold“pass/fail”systemwasn’thelpingstudents’motivation(積極性).Ifyoupassed,thengreat,butthosestudentswhodidn’tpassoftenfeltlikefailures.Sonowstudentswhodon’tpasstheexamswillnotseeabigred“F”ontheirpapers—theyseea“Notyet”instead.Inthatway,thestudentsfeelthattheyareonajourney.Theyhaven'treachedtheend,buttheyknowthattheyaregoingtherightway.Thiskindofthinkingispartofwhatexpertscall“havingagrowthmindset”.Peoplewithagrowthmindsetdon’tconcentrateonfailure.Theyaren’tworriedbynotgettingthingsrightthefirsttimeandarehappytokeeptryinguntiltheydo.Theyenjoythechallengeandbelievetheycanchange.However,peoplewhojustfocusonthefailurehavewhattheexpertscall“afixedmindset”.Thesepeoplearealwaysworriedaboutfailureandaremorelikelytogiveupwhenthingsdon’tgoright.Theydon’tthinkthattheyareabletochange.Clearly,itisbettertohaveagrowthmindsetthanafixedmindset.Butdon’tworryifyouthinkthatyouhaveafixedmindset.Youcantrainyourselftodevelopagrowthmindset.Rememberthatitallstartswithquestioningthethingsyoubelieveaboutyourself.Stopbelievingthatyoucan’toryouhaven’tandrealizethatyoujustcan’torhaven’tyet.Onceyoustartdoingthis,you’llwonderwhyyoudidn’tdoitbefore.It’sonesmallbutverypowerfulword.36.Whatcantheword“yet”doaccordingtothepassage?A.Makeimpossiblethingsbecomeimpossibleforever.B.Changeimpossiblethingsintopossibleones.C.Makestudentsfeellikefailures.D.Stoppeoplefromtrying.37.Whydidtheschoolchangethewayitmarksstudents'exams?A.Becausetheexamsneededtobemoredifficult.B.Becausethestudentsdidn’tliketheoldsystem.C.Becausetheoldsystemdidn’thelpstudents’motivation.D.Becausetheschoolwantedtogivestudentsmorepressure.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“concentrateon”probablymean?A.Lookforwardto. B.Getusedto. C.Payattentionto. D.Makeadifferenceto.39.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowinghasa“growthmindset”?A.Marygotthefirstprizeinthecompetition.Shewasexcitedtotellherfriends.B.Gracecouldn’tlearnEnglishwell.Shefeltdisappointedandwantedtodropit.C.Joefailedtopasstheexam.Hewassadanddidn’twanttohaveanothertry.D.Peter’steamlostthesoccergame.Theydidn’tgiveupandkeptpracticing.40.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WaystoAchieveSuccess B.TwoDifferentMindsetsC.NothingIsImpossible D.ThePowerof“Yet”第二節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)(共5題；每小題2分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，簡略回答問題。RulesforGivingaHousewarmingGiftWhenyouvisitsomeone’snewhomeforthefirsttime,it’snicetobringagift.Housewarminggiftsmaynotbeascommonasbirthdaygifts,buttheyshowone’skindness.Herearesomerulesforgivingahousewarminggift.WhentogiveahousewarminggiftThebesttimetogiveahousewarminggiftiswithinthefirstthreetosixmonthsaftersomeonemovesin.Whenyougotoahousewarmingparty,youshouldalwaysbringagift.Evenifthere’snoparty,butyouwillvisitsomeone’snewhomewithinthefirstsixmonthsaftertheymovein,agiftisstillagoodidea.WhoshouldgetahousewarminggiftHousewarminggiftsarenotjustforpeoplewhobuytheirfirsthome.Anyonemovingintoanewplacewouldlovetogetagift.It’sanicewaytosay“welcome”and“congratulations”.HousewarminggiftstoavoidIt’simportanttobringtherightkindofhousewarminggift.Buthowdoyouchooseone?Trytoavoidveryexpensivegifts.Usually,thepriceofahousewarminggiftshouldbebetween$25and$50.Forexample,houseplantsandpictureframesarepopularhousewarminggiftswithinthisbudget(預(yù)算).It’salsobesttoavoidartorfurnitureunlessyouknowtheperson’stasteverywell.Housewarminggiftsarealovelywaytocelebratesomeone’snewhomeandmaketheirspacecomfortableandwelcome.Thenexttimeyouvisitafriend’snewhome,remembertobringagiftand,ofcourse,followtherulesforgift-giving.41.Whatdohousewarminggiftsshow?____________________________________________________________________________________________42.Whenisthebesttimetogiveahousewarminggift?____________________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatistherightpricerange(范圍)forahousewarminggift?____________________________________________________________________________________________44.Whatshouldyouavoidwhenchoosingahousewarminggift?(根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容寫出一個答案即可)____________________________________________________________________________________________45.Whatwouldyouliketogiveyourfriendwhenheorshemovesintoanewhouse?Why?(答案需與文中例子不同)____________________________________________________________________________________________第四部分情景交際(滿分10分)補(bǔ)全對話(共5題；每題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)下面的對話情景，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?，使對話的意思連貫、完整。(Twofriends,PeterandRose,aretalkingabouttheirfuture.)Peter:Hello,Rose!_______________46_______________Rose:Iwanttobeanengineerinthefuture.It’sgreatinmyheart.Peter:_______________47_______________Rose:BecauseIlikesciencebest,andIenjoymakingthingsbymyself._______________48_______________Peter:I’mnotsure.Myparentsgivemesomesuggestions—adoctor,ateacher,ascientist,anartist,abasketballplayer,apolicemanandsoon.ButIhavenoidea.Canyougivemesomeadvice?Rose:Ofcourse.Thekeyistoknowyourselfandchoosetherightpath.Peter:_______________49_______________ButI’mnotsurewhatI’mgoodat.Rose:_______________50_______________Peter:Ilikedrawing.Rose:Maybeyou’llbeanartistsomeday.Thenyouneedagoodteacher.What’smore,youshouldworkharderatpracticing.Peter:Soundsgreat.IknowwhatIneedtodonow.Thankyouverymuch.第五部分寫作(滿分15分)書面表達(dá)(滿分15分)51.假如你是GreenSchool的學(xué)生李華，你校將組織本學(xué)期的春季郊游活動。請從以下兩個方案中選取一個，給校長Mr.Mendozer寫一封郵件，介紹活動內(nèi)容并說明選擇該方案的理由。PlanA:ProtectnaturePlanB:Knowourhometown·knowmoreaboutplantsinthepark·putuppostersaroundthepark·pickuptherubbish·…·visitthehistorymuseum·takephotosofitsstreets·enjoytheplacesofinterest·…要求：(1)郵件不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名、校名和地名；(2)詞數(shù)80左右(開頭、結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。DearMr.Mendozer,Ithinkit’sgreattohaveaschooltripeveryterm.Forthisterm’sschooltrip,Ihaveaplan.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookingforwardtoyourreply.LiHua

初三第二次模擬考試英語試卷第一部分聽力(共四節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽句子，選擇最佳答語。(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)1.A.Youaregreat.B.Youarewelcome.C.Youareright.2.A.Spring.B.It'scold.C.It'sgettingdark.3.A.Soundsgood.B.Great.C.That'swrong.4.A.Yes,sheis.B.Yes,shewill.C.No,shedoesn'tlikeit.5.A.Iloseit.B.Iforgetit.C.Ihaveacold.第二節(jié)聽對話和問題，選擇正確答案。(共13小題；每小題1分，滿分13分)6.Whichanimaldoestheboywanttokeep?A.B.C.7WhatisLunadoingnow?A.B.C.8.Whereshouldthemangofirst?A.Hangzhou.B.Chongqing.C.Chengdu.9.WhowillgowiththemantoChongqing?A.Onlyhimself.B.Hisparents.C.Hischildren.10.WhatclubdidSherryjoinlastThursday?A.Thevolleyballclub.B.Thefootballclub.C.Thebasketballclub.11.WhydoesJasonlikebasketball?A.Becauseitisinteresting.B.Becauseitkeepshimstrong.C.Becausehecanmakemorefriends.12.Whendidtheboystarthavingastomachache?A.Thismorning.B.Atnoon.C.Lastnight.13.Whatdidtheboyhaveatnoonyesterday?ANothing.B.Noodlesandicyjuice.C.Breadandmilk.14.Howoftenshouldtheboytakesomemedicine?A.Onceaday.B.Twiceaday.C.Threetimesaday.15.WhatdoesTinawanttotakeup?A.Anewhobby.B.Anewlanguage.C.Anewsubject.16.WhichkindofpaintingisMikeinterestedin?A.Oilpainting.B.Chinesepainting.C.Modernpainting.17.WhatdoesTinathinkofstartingpaintingnow?A.It'slate.B.It'snice.C.It'scool.18.WhatisMike'sadviceforTina?A.Joiningaclub.B.Learningtopaint.C.Lookingupinformation.第三節(jié)聽短文和問題，選擇正確答案。(共7小題；每小題1分，滿分7分)19.Whatmusicalinstrumentshasthespeakerlearned?A.Theguitarandthedrum.B.Thepianoandtheviolin.C.Theguzhengandtheerhu.20.Whendoesthespeakerpracticetheinstruments?A.Ontheweekend.B.Inthefreetime.C.Inthemorning.21.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttointroducetotheworld?A.Chinesemusic.B.ChinesemusiciansC.Chineseinstruments.22.Howdidthestudentsgettothemuseum?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.23.Whatdidthestudentsdointhemorning?A.Theywatchedahist