第11講句子成分和長難句精析

目錄

01課標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)練

圜考向01句子成分分析

E3考向02歷年北京卷真題甄選長難句精析

02核心突破練

03真題溯源練

01

課標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)練

考向01句子成分分析

一、句子成分分析基礎(chǔ)練

1）指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分。

1.Theyhaveworkedformonthsandevenyears.

成分：___________________________________

2.Thefilmyouseeonthescreenistheproductofahugeamountofhardwork

成分：_________________________________

3.Ldidn'tunderstandallofthetraditionalcustomsatfirst.

成分：_______________________________

4.Traditionalfestivalsteachusalotaboutournation'shistory

成分：________________________________________

5.TraditionalfestivalsenableustoleamfineChinesevalues

成分：_________________________________________

2)指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。(將劃線部分的句子成分寫在橫線上)

l.JackandTomaredoingtheirhomeworknow.

2.Bettyplantedmanytreesandflowers_onherfarm

3.Theboyunderthetreeisapoliceman.

4.WewentonavisittotheGreatWalllastweek?

5.Yangjingwasmybestfriendinmychildhood.

6.Healwayswalksintheparkaftersupperwithhiswife.

7.Maryaskedmetohelpheryesterday.

8.1boughtmygirlfriendagoldringonherbirthday.

9.Mr.Weiremainsadoctor.

10.Theboysandgirlsseemedexcitedwhentheyheardthenews.

二、句子成分分析升級練(單句語法填空)

1.Anyway,travelerswholikenaturalscenerymayfindthetriptoWulong65(reward).

2.Standingalittledistanceawayfromeachofthethreebridgesandabsorbingthesightsisan58(forget)

experiencefortourists.

3/'GrowingtastyandhealthyfoodhasbeenmydreamsinceIwasateenager.Iknowhowchallengingitcanbe,

butifyoutakethesoil63(serious),Ibelieveitwillpayoff,“Guosays.

4.Additionally,Chenexpressedavisionforthefuture,hopingthattheoperaticartscanevolvebyintegratingwith

other65(artist)forms,creatingaculturallandscapefullofvitality.

5.Throughouttheyears,theyhavestagednumerous59(adapt)ofclassicstories,attractingaudienceswith

theircreativity.

6.Thevillagewillofferpeople40(free)andaspace,wheretheycanrediscovertheirgoals.

7.("Thevillageshouldbe38(comfort)tolivein,sothattheycanfeelconfidentenoughandpullthemselves

upgradually.Andthevillageneedstogivethemsomeassistancesotheycanliveontheirown.^^

8.Theresultsofthestudy,publishedintheScienceBulletin,revealedtwomajormigrationwavesinhistory.Inthis

36(pioneer)study,scientistsfromFudanUniversityhavedugintotheancientDNAofindividualsburiedin

Gansuprovince,revealinginterestinginsightsintothegeneticmakeupofHexiCorridorresidentsdatingbackover

12centuries.

9.44theteamconcludedwasthatthegeneticmixcouldbepartiallyattributedtothosemigrations.

lO.However,65（attract）alargenumberoftravelers,thesedestinationsneedtoincreasetheirsupplyof

tourismproductsandimproveservice.

11.IfyouhavenotheardofYangshiLei,the27（honor）nameoftheLeifamilyresponsibleforimperial

architectureduringtheQingDynasty,thenyouhavemissedanimportantdetailabouttheTempleofHeaven,the

SummerPalaceandYuanmingyuanGarden.

12.Whatthrowspeopleinconfusionis32eightgenerationsoftheLeifamilywereappointeddirectorof

Yangshifangconsecutivelyfrom1662to1911.

13.Duringthewar-tornDynastiesofHanandSongfrom207to906AD,the61（popular）ofjianziexploded.

Leadersusedthegametotraintheirtroopsalongsidemilitaryexercise.

14.By1994,theHongKongteam65（steady）grewintoareformedunionknownastheHongKong

AssociationofShuttlecock（HKSA）.

15.Everyday,Iamlearningfromtheamazingpeoplearoundme-whetherit'sfromthewisdomofancient

traditions45thefreshperspectives（視角）oftheyoungmindsIteach.TheChinesepeople,withtheir

eagernesstolearnandtheirdeeprespectforknowledge,inspiremedaily.

三、句子成分分析高級練（完成句子）

1.（1934年畢業(yè)于上海交通大學(xué)）,hesetoutforMassachusetts

InstituteofTechnologytopursueadvancedstudyin1935,andayearlaterCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,

（在那里1939年獲得了兩個博士學(xué)位）.

2.Hedevotedhimselfwhole-heartedlytoscientificresearchduringhislifetime,

（在中國航空航天工業(yè)領(lǐng)域取得了顯著的成就）.

3.（出于對祖國的強(qiáng)烈熱愛），hewasdeterminedtogobacktoChina.

4.Thebooks,（無論是教科書還是課外的書）,satisfymycuriosity,

offermeexcellentstoriesandenrichmylife.

5.（每當(dāng)我想懶惰）,thesoundoftheclocktellsmetovaluetime.

6.Wedidsomecleaningandwashingforthem,（然后是一些表演）,

includingsingingsongs,dancingandmagicshows,（這絕對讓他們很

開心）.

7.（這絕對讓他們很開心），Ibelieveyouwouldundoubtedlyappreciate

thefantasticexperienceIhad.

8.Therefore,asastudent,Istronglybelieve（延長課間的休息時間是必要的和有益的）.

9.Those（注冊參力口它的）willhavetheprivilegeofobservingmastersatwork,

（了解這一古老工藝背后的歷史和技術(shù)）andevenattemptingsomebasicporcelain

shaping.

10.（如果你愿意）,pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible

（這樣我就可以做一些必要的安排）.

考向02歷年北京卷真題甄選長難句精析

分析下面句子成分并給出漢語意思

2025年北京卷真題卷

1.（）Theshadowofthismysteriousinstitutionstealsawaywhatsuccessmeanstous.

2.DeterminedtofollowmyinstinctsonwhatIfeltsuccessmeans,IonlychosetwoclassesthatIknewIwould

enjoy.

3.BobJohnsoncreatedthelifestorymodelofidentity,inwhichheproposesthat,aswegothroughlife,thesecore

featuresarebuiltinwithourmemoriestocreateapersonalstorythroughwhichweunderstandourlives.

4.ShesaysthatWesternculturealreadypushespeopletolookforthesilverliningbehindeverycloud.

5.Withmyfather'ssupport,Ilearnedavaluablelesson:attentioncannotbeforced;truerecognitioncomesfrom

honourableacts.

6.Touristsleftover1.3billiontonsoffoodwastelastyear,whichaccountedforabout8%ofthetotalglobalgas

releasein2024.

7.Iftheselifecyclesaredelayed,interrupted,ordenied,youfeelincapableofaccessingyourstatesofself,

controllingunpleasantfeelings,andmanipulatingtheenergythatputstogetherthefabricofyourinnerworld.

8.Inspiredbymagicalmapsinherstories,shewondered:whatifwecouldbuildareal-worldappthathelpspeople

explorehiddenplacesintheirowncities?

2024年北京卷真題卷

1.Duringmythirdyear,Idiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcouldusefor

experiments.

2.Afewmonthslater,whenIrepeatedtheexperimentinmyhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.

3.Ifempiricalexperiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwon'trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsand

wordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,culturalandpsychologicalhistories.

4.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoran

outputofcomputation.

5.Bymyfourthyear,mydesperationtosucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.

6.Bylearningwhentoaskforhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaytobecominganindependentscientist.

2023年北京卷真題卷

1.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife*scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbya

conceptcalledopen-endedevolution.

2.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvance

alongtheiruniquepaths.

3.Bymyfourthyear,mydesperationtosucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.

4.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife*sendless'creativity'insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciples

couldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.

5.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,FvelearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,

eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.

02

核心突破練

題型一閱讀理解

1

（2025?北京西城?二模）Athemeatthisyear'sWorldEconomicForum（WEF）meetingwastheperceived

needto"'acceleratebreakthroughsinresearchandtechnology.Someofthisdiscussionwasmotivatedbythe

climateemergency,somebytheopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbygenerativeartificialintelligence.Yetin

variousconversations,itseemedtobetakenforgrantedthattoaddresstheworld5sproblems,scientificresearch

needstomovefaster.

TheWEFmeetingtookplacejusttwoweeksafterHarvardUniversityPresidentClaudineGaysteppeddown

aftercomplaintsweremadeaboutherpoliticalsciencescholarship.Gay'stroublescameafterStanfordUniversity

PresidentMarcTessierLavignesteppeddown,afteraninternalinvestigationconcludedthathisneuroscience

researchhad"multipleproblems^^and"fellbelowcustomarystandardsofscientificrigor."Althoughitmaybe

impossibletodeterminejusthowwidespreadsuchproblemsreallyare,it'shardtoimaginethatthephenomenonof

high-profilescholarscorrectingandwithdrawingpapershasnothadanegativeimpactonpublictrustinscience

andperhapsinexpertsbroadly.

Inrecentyearswe'veseenimportantpaperswithdrawnbecauseofquestionabledataormethods.Inone

interestingcase,FrancesH.Arnold,whosharedthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistry,voluntarilywithdrewapaper

whenherlabwasunabletoreproduceherresults-butafterthepaperhadbeenpublished.Inanopenapology,she

statedthatshewas"abitbusy“whenthepaperwassubmittedand“didnotdomyjobwell.^^Arnold'shonestyis

admirable,butitraisesaquestion:ArescholarsathighlycompetitiveplacessuchasHarvardandStandfordrushing

topublishingratherthantakingthetimetodotheirworkright?

Ifsimpossibletoanswerthisquestionscientificallybecausethere'snoscientificdefinitionofwhat

constitutes"rushing”.Butthere'slittledoubtthatweliveinaculturewhereacademicsatleadinguniversitiesare

underenormouspressuretoproduceresults-andalotofthem-quickly.However,nearlyacenturypassed

betweenbiochemistFriedrichMiescher'sidentificationoftheDNAmoleculeandsuggestionthatitmightbe

involvedininheritance（遺傳）andtheclarificationofitsdouble-helix（雙螺旋）structureinthe1950s.Andittook

justabouthalfacenturyforgeologistsandgeophysiciststoacceptAlfredWegener?sideaofcontinentaldrift（漂

移）.

There?splentyofcircumstantialevidencethatscientistsandotherscholarsarepushingresultsoutfarfaster

thantheyusedto.Onerecentstudyputthenumberatmorethansevenmillionayear,comparedwithfewerthana

millionasrecentlyas1980.Anotherstudyfound265academicauthors-twothirdsofwhomwereinthemedical

andlifesciences——publishedapapereveryfivedaysonaverage.Thenumberssuggestthattheresearchworldhas

prioritizedquantityoverquality.Researchersmayneedtoslowdown-notspeedup-ifwearetoproduce

knowledgeworthyoftrust.

31.Whatdoestheword"rigor“underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A.Quicknessandconvenience.B.Flexibilityandopenness.

C.Strictnessandprecision.D.Fameandpopularity.

32.DNAandcontinentaldriftareexamplestodemonstratethat.

A.goodsciencetakestimeB.scienceadvanceswithtime

C.researchacrossdisciplinesisneededD.breakthroughsseldomhappenbychance

33.Whichofthefollowingsituationscanbestreflecttheauthor'sconcern?

A.Aresearcherfailstoproduceevidenceforhispaper.

B.Auniversitylosesyoungtalentduetoalackoffunding.

C.Aneditoroverlookstheerrorsinawriter'sresearchmethods.

D.Ascholarpublishesapaperwithlimiteddatatogainrecognition.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheDangerofFastScienceB.TheNeedforTrustinScience

C.AnAlarmingWarningtoScienceEditorsD.APopularTrendtowardsRushingScience

2

（2025?北京市豐臺區(qū)?一模）RecentfindingsfromtheDarkEnergySpectroscopicInstrument（DESI）inArizona,

whichproducedthelargest3Dmapoftheuniverse,suggestthatdarkenergy-themysteriousforcedrivingthe

universe'saccelerated（力口速的）expansion-mightchangeovertime.Thischallengesthestandardmodelof

cosmology（宇宙學(xué)）,whichassumesasteadyacceleration.

Darkenergyisthoughttomakeupnearly70%ofthecosmos,soifitsbehaviourreallyischangingastime

passes,itcouldhavesignificantimplicationsforourunderstandingoftheuniverse.

SincetheDESIdatacameout,researchershavebeenworkingonwaystoexplaintheapparentchangesin

theuniverse'sexpansionrate.Darkenergyisn'tdirectlyobservable,sothereareseveraloptionsthatcouldfit.One

solutionsuggestedbyMichaelGardaattheFederalUniversityinBrazilandhiscolleaguesinvolveslettingdark

energyinteractwithdarkmatter,aninvisibleandabundantformofmatterthatoutweighsordinarymatter.This

interactionisforbiddeninthestandardmodel,butifenergycouldflowfromtheuniverse'sdarkmattertoitsdark

energy-essentiallychangingtheformertothelatter-theresearchers9simulations(模擬)showedthatthis

wouldmatchtheDESImeasurements.Yet,themechanismforsuchanenergytransferisn'tclear.

ThissolutionmightalsohelpresolvetheHubbletension,adifferenceinthewayswemeasuretheexpansion

rateofthecosmos.Measurementsofthismadebyanalysingnearbygalaxies(knownas“l(fā)ocal“measurements)

giveanexpansionrate,orHubbleconstant,whichisslightlyhigherthantheoneobtainedfromthecosmic

microwavebackground(CMB)一theremainingradiationfromtheearlyuniverse.CMBmeasurementsrelyona

theoreticalmodelofcosmicevolution,whichmayneedadjustmentifGarda?sproposaliscorrect.Byallowing

energytransferbetweendarkmatteranddarkenergy,theadjustedmodelcouldbringCMB-basedestimatesmore

closelyintolinewithlocalmeasurements,potentiallyresolvingthetension.

Anotherproposedsolutioninvolvesdarkradiation,aninvisibleformofradiationsimilartolightbut

composedofdarkphotons(光子).TamarAllaliatBrownUniversityandhisteamsuggestthatdarkradiationcould

explaintheDESIdataandlessenedtheHubbletensionbyincreasingtheuniverse'sexpansionrateinitsearly

stages.t4Ifyouhavemoreradiation,theexpansionisfasterintheearlyuniverse,9,saysAllali.Unlikeadjustmentsto

darkenergy,darkradiationintroducesanewcomponentwithoutchangingexistingphysicallaws,makingitamore

conservativeapproach.AllalinotesthattheDESIdatadoesnotruleoutdarkradiationandevenshowsaslight

preferenceforit.

Bothmodels-interactingdarkenergyanddarkradiation-fittheDESIdata,butneitherhasbeen

confirmed.ShawnSmithattheUniversityofEdinburgh,UK,pointsoutthatwhilemanyunconventionalmodels

couldexplaintheobservations,nonecurrentlycompetewiththestandardcosmologicalmodelfromafundamental

physicsperspective.Nevertheless,thesemodelsserveascatalystsforprogress,ensuringthatcosmologyremainsa

dynamicandevolvingfield.

32.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Thedevelopmentofscientificmodelstostudytheuniverse.

B.Thediscoveryofdarkenergyanditsimpactontheuniverse.

C.TheimportanceofDESIinstudyingtheuniverse'sbehavior.

D.Theattemptstoexplaintheuniverse'sunexpectedexpansion.

33.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Garda'sproposaloutperformsAllali'sinitssimplicity.

B.Recentresearchhasfoundwaysfordarkenergytransfer.

C.TheDESIdatahasconfirmedtheexistenceofdarkradiation.

D.ThetwomodelssharesimilaritiesinreducingHubbletension.

34.Thepassageisorganizedinthepatternof.

A.cause-effect-solutionB.problem-solution-evaluation

C.example-analysis-conclusionD.introduction-comparison-result

題型二語法填空

1

(2025?北京通州?——模)Astheworldisbecomingmoredigital,theimportanceofinformationsecuritycannotbe

ignored.Currently,manycountries11(take)measurestoprotecttheironlinesystems.Forexample,

governmentsareinvestingheavilyinadvancedtechnologies12(prevent)cyberattacks.Atthesametime,

individuals13(encourage)toimprovetheirawarenessofonlinesafety.The14(grow)

numberofcyberthreatshasmadeitessentialforeveryonetostayalert.Byworkingtogether,wecancreateasafer

digitalenvironmentforall.

2

(2025?北京通州?一模)InNeZha2,NeZhaisabraveandkindhero.15(know)forhisstrong

willandfieryspirit,hefacesmanychallengesbutnevergivesup.NeZhadeeplycaresforhisfriendsandfamily,

alwaysreadytoprotectthem.Hisjourneyshowshowhegrows16atruehero.Throughhisactions,Ne

Zhateachesusaboutcourage,loyalty,andtheimportanceoffightingfor17isright.Hisstoryisboth

excitingandinspiring,makinghimacharactereveryonecanadmire.

【答案】15.known16.into17.what

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是動畫電影《哪吒2》中的哪吒角色，描述了他的勇敢、善良以及

成長歷程，通過他的故事傳達(dá)了勇氣、忠誠和為正義而戰(zhàn)的重要性。

15.考查過去分詞。句意：他以堅強(qiáng)的意志和熾熱的精神著稱，面對許多挑戰(zhàn)但從不放棄。此處為非謂語

動詞作狀語，know與邏輯主語he(NeZha)之間為被動關(guān)系，需用過去分詞known,位于句首，首字母需

大寫。故填Known。

16.考查介詞。句意：他的旅程展示了他是如何成長為一名真正的英雄的。此處為固定短語growinto表示“逐

漸成長為，長成(某種類型的人)”，需用介詞into。故填into。

17.考查賓語從句。句意：通過他的行動，哪吒教會我們關(guān)于勇氣、忠誠以及為正確的事情而戰(zhàn)的重要性。

此處為連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，此處指的是事情，所以使用連接代詞what。故填what。

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2025?北京通州?一模)InChina,itissaidthattheeggcanbesetuprightonthefirstdayoftheStartof

Spring.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmaketheeggstandonthatday,he18(have)goodluckinthe

future.Accordingtoastronomersandphysicists,settingtheegguprighthasnothingtodowithtime,butwith

mechanics.Themostimportantthingistoshifttheegg'scenterofgravitytothe19(low)partoftheegg.

Inthisway,thetrickisholdingtheegguntiltheyolk(蛋黃)sinksasmuchaspossible.Forthis,peopleshould

chooseaneggof4-5days20yolktendstosinkdown.

3

(2025?北京通州?——模)Astheworldisbecomingmoredigital,theimportanceofinformationsecuritycannotbe

ignored.Currently,manycountries11(take)measurestoprotecttheironlinesystems.Forexample,

governmentsareinvestingheavilyinadvancedtechnologies12(prevent)cyberattacks.Atthesametime,

individuals13(encourage)toimprovetheirawarenessofonlinesafety.The14(grow)

numberofcyberthreatshasmadeitessentialforeveryonetostayalert.Byworkingtogether,wecancreateasafer

digitalenvironmentforall.

03?

真題溯源練

1

(2025年1匕京卷)Thecallto“knowyourself'hasbeentheresinceancienttimes,butoursenseofselfdoesn't

alwaysmatchwhatothersperceive.Consideringthestorieswetellaboutourselvescanhelpustochangeourminds

forbetter.

Formanyyearspsychologistssawidentityasacombinationofsomeone'svalues,beliefs,goalsandsocial

roles.Then,inthe1980s,BobJohnsoncreatedthelifestorymodelofidentity,inwhichheproposesthat,aswego

throughlife,thesecorefeaturesarebuiltinwithourmemoriestocreateapersonalstorythroughwhichwe

understandourlives.

Ourlifestoryissomethingthatstartscomingtogetherinourteenageyears,whenwebegintoorganiseourlives

intochaptersaroundkeyeventsorlifechanges,andbegintoseeourselvesasboththecentralcharacterand,toa

varyingextent,thestory5sauthor.Peoplewithmoreconsistentstoriestendtohaveastrongersenseofidentity,and

theyfeeltheirlifehasmoremeaning,directionandsenseofpurpose.Suchpeopleshowgreateroveralllife

satisfaction,too.

Johnsonhasalsoinvestigatedthelinkbetweenwell-beingandcertainstorythemes.Hediscoveredthatwhether

someonedescribeshavinghadsomecontrolovereventsintheirpastisanimportantpredictorofaperson'smental

health.Anotherkeythemeinvolvesfindingsomekindofpositivemeaningafterstressfulevents."'Peoplecouldtalk

aboutgainingknowledgeorpersonalgrowth,9,saysJohnson.Hisresearchshowsthatthisisoftenmissingforpeople

withmentalhealthconditions.Thegoodnewsisthatthereisevidencewecanlearntochangeourownstory.

LisaGreen,anotherresearcher,soundsafewnotesofcaution（謹(jǐn)慎）.Forinstance,hearingaboutthepowerof

redemptive（拯救性的）stories,manypeoplemayfeelforcedtofindapositiveangleonhorribleevents.Shesaysthat

Westernculturealreadypushespeopletolookforthesilverliningbehindeverycloud.

Ifyouwanttoturnoveranewleaf,though,onetoptipisthatithelpstochooseasignificantdatethatsignalsthe

startofanew“chapter”.Contrarytopopulardoubt,resolutionsmadeonIJanuaryaremoreeffectiveforthisreason.

So,whetheryourgoalissavingmoneyorgettingfit,thereisnobettertimetobecometheauthorofourowndestiny

（命運(yùn)）.

31.Whatcanbeinferredaboutpersonalstories?

A.Theyareunrelatedtohealth.B.Consistentonesleadtostress.

CTheyarerelevanttohappiness.D.Thematiconesholdbackchange.

32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Talkingaboutgainsfromfailureisnegative.B.NewYearresolutionsarewellreceived.

C.TheWesttendstoovervalueoptimism.D.Socialrolesfailtobehighlighted.

33.Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhispassage?

A.Clarifyagoal.B.Analyseanevent.

C.Makeacomparison.D.Illustrateanapproach.

34.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howself-identityworks.B.Howstory-tellersaremade.

C.Howpersonalstoriesraisedoubts.D.Howtimingaffectspersonalidentity.

2

（2024年1匕京卷）Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse'svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingthe

term"'simulationhypothesis^^（模擬彳用說）returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputer

simulation——aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.

Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherifstrue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.

The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatare

unknowable.Whileheheldthenotion