45第二部分詞法篇專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞講義（學(xué)生版+教師版）-《高考快車道》2026版高三英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)外研版動(dòng)詞不定式

語態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)形式_主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般式todotobedone

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

1．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語

語法規(guī)則例句

不定式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在句首。單個(gè)的不定式作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow．

有時(shí)不定式作主語時(shí)放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語，常用句型有：Itis＋adj．＋todosth．Itis＋a/an＋n．(pleasure，pity，crime，honor...)＋(forsb．)todosth．Itis＋adj．＋forsb．＋todosth．Itis＋adj．(表人的品質(zhì)、特征的形容詞)＋ofsb．＋todosth．Ittook(sb．)sometime/courage/wisdom...＋todosth．It'snecessaryforustohelpthoseinneed．It'sagreathonorforhertowinthisaward．

2．動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語

語法規(guī)則例句

不定式可作intend，plan，expect，pretend，wouldlike/love/prefer，wish，decide，agree，manage，refuse，promise，attempt，choose，learn，fail，afford等動(dòng)詞(短語)的賓語Theteacherdecidedtopretendtohaveknownwhattheboyshaddone．Hechosenottoasktheboysbutexpectedtobetoldeverything．

在某些動(dòng)詞，如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語(不定式)后置Hefeels/thinksitimportanttolearnEnglishwell，butfindsitdifficulttorememberthewords．

3．動(dòng)詞不定式作表語

語法規(guī)則例句

不定式作表語時(shí)，主語多是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan等表示“意向、打算、計(jì)劃"的名詞Mydreamistobecomeadoctoraftermygraduationfromuniversity．

4．動(dòng)詞不定式作定語

語法規(guī)則例句

放在序數(shù)詞，“序數(shù)詞＋名詞”，theonly，thenext，“形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞"后作定語Johnisalwaysthefirstonetocomeupwithagoodidea．

放在某些名詞，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan，effort等后作定語Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtohavethechancetodeliveraspeechhere．

不定式作定語時(shí)，須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與中心詞可能是主謂關(guān)系(即不定式的邏輯主語是該動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者)，也可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(即不定式的邏輯主語是該動(dòng)作的承受者)Weareinneedofnursestolookafterthekids．Ihaveseveralquestionstodiscusswithyou．

如果作定語的不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上相應(yīng)的介詞Hehasnoroomtolivein．Ineedapentowritewith．

5．動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語

語法規(guī)則例句

作目的狀語時(shí)，可位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo，soastodo，todo等Igotupearlysoasto/inorderto/tocatchtheearlybusinthemorning．

作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，常用于too...to...，enoughto，so/such...asto結(jié)構(gòu)中。onlytodo常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果IaskedMumtoputupthetentexcitedly，onlytobetoldthetenthadbeenleftbehind．

放在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised后作原因狀語IamextremelygladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisitduringthesummerholiday．

6．動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

下列動(dòng)詞后常用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach，tell等with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式，不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生Iamwritingtoinviteyoutocometomybirthdayparty．Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ican'tgoskatingwithyou．

下列動(dòng)詞(短語)接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：see，notice，observe，watch，lookat，hear，listento，let，have，make。但用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式需加toIoftenhearthegirlsingthesongwhichispopularrecently．＝Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesongwhichispopularrecentlybyme．

7．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

在句型sth．/sb．besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed中，用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，形式主要有todo，tobedoing，tohavedoneHeissaidtogoabroad．Heissaidtobesleeping．Bellissaidtohaveinventedthetelephone．

動(dòng)詞-ing形式

語態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)形式_主動(dòng)被動(dòng)意義

一般式doingbeingdone其表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生

1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在句首。單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但表示多于一個(gè)的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite．Swimminginsummerandskatinginwinterarehisgreatestpleasure．

有時(shí)用it作形式主語，常用于Itis/wasawasteof.../nouse/nogood/nopleasuredoingsth．結(jié)構(gòu)中Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson．

2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式常作介詞的賓語。by，feellike(想要)，leadto，bebusy(in)，devote...to...，beaddictedto，beaccustomed/beusedto，objectto，payattentionto，beopposedto，lookforwardto，havefun/difficulty/trouble(in)，spendtime(in)，thereisnopoint(in)IhelpMumoutbydoingthehouseworkthatIcando．LearningthatyouhavetroubleinlearningChinese，I'mwritingtooffersomesuggestions．

動(dòng)詞-ing形式可作下列動(dòng)詞的賓語：mind，miss，mention，enjoy，escape，practise，postpone，suggest，tolerate，consider，keep，avoid，admit，advise，allow/permit，appreciate，risk，resist，recommend，finish，forbid，imagine，dislike，delay，quit，deny等LittleTomisconsideringquittingpractisingplayingtheviolinbecausehisneighbourcouldn'ttoleratelisteningtothenoiseeveryday．

在動(dòng)詞(短語)need，require，want，deserve，beworth后，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義Theseclothesneedwashing．＝Theseclothesneedtobewashed．

3．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念Myhobbyisreadingbooks．

表示情緒的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，意為“令人……的”。如：amazing，confusing，frightening，surprising等Thenewsissurprising．

4．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)作定語，表示被修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作、特征、用途和性能asleepingchildaswimmingpool

有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常作定語修飾物，表示“令人……的"aterrifyingexperience

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，表正在進(jìn)行，doing表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行；beingdone表被動(dòng)進(jìn)行。單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞前；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之后fallingleavesthegirlwearingareddressthebridgebeingbuiltnow

5．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)與句子主語之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系Walkinginthestreet，Icameacrossanoldfriend．

havingdone與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生Havingwaitedinlinefortwohours，theoldmanbecameimpatient．

havingbeendone與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生Havingbeentoldmanytimes，theboystillmadethesamemistakeagainandagain．

6．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為vt．＋sb．/sth．＋doing...?？梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：feel，catch，find，hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/observe/notice等。注意：havesb．doingsth．用于否定句中，常與can't，won't等連用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”with＋名詞/代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式可表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Iamsorryforkeepingyouwaitingformeforsuchalongtime．Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat，whichissorude．Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky．

動(dòng)詞-ed形式

1．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語

語法規(guī)則例句

單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之前；動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之后。及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語表示被動(dòng)和完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語只表示完成abrokenglassthebridgecompletedlastmonthfallenleaves

2．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語，用作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作與句子主語之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系Seenfromthetopofthemountain，ourcitylooksbeautiful．

3．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，構(gòu)成vt．＋sb．/sth．＋done結(jié)構(gòu)。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作Shehadtoraisehervoicetomakeherselfheard．Theoldmanwantedhisoldwatchrepaired．Withhishomeworkfinished，hewenttotheparktoplay．

4．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語

語法規(guī)則例句

表示情緒的動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，意為“感到……的"。如：amazed，confused，frightened，surprised等Ifeltreallysurprisedwhenshetoldmetheexcitingnews．

其他非謂語形式

1．獨(dú)立主格

語法規(guī)則例句

①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在；②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等是邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與句子分開Ifweatherpermits，weshallplaythematchtomorrow．＝Weatherpermitting，weshallplaythematchtomorrow．Becauseherbikewasstolen，shehadtowalkhome．＝Herbikestolen，shehadtowalkhome．Becauseanimportantessayistobehandedintomorrow，Angelhastostayuplate．＝Animportantessaytobehandedintomorrow，Angelhastostayuplate．

2．獨(dú)立成分作狀語

獨(dú)立成分例句

generallyspeakingGenerallyspeaking，theruleisveryeasytounderstand．Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromHongKong．Totellyouthetruth，Iamalittletired．

frankly/honestlyspeaking

judgingfrom/by...

considering.../oconsideration/account

totellyouthetruth

seeing...

given...

comparedto/with...

Ⅰ．單句語法填空

1．Thelatestengineering(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful．

2．Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel，thenationalparks，inparticular，tendtocatch(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety．

3．Highlighting(highlight)China'seconomicgrowthanditstransitiontoaglobaleconomicpowerhousewouldbeagreataspecttocover．

4．(2024·北京卷)Myfriendscheckedandcamebackshouting(shout)，“Amy，yougotthemainrole！”

5．Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandtovisiting(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina．

6．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Hotpotismeantforfamiliesandfriendstosit(sit)together，dipeverythingtheylikeinonepot，andsharefriendshipandlove．

7．Herfablebegins，borrowing(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables．

8．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Fourdayslater，whenIwasbackinVienna，IcalledGunteraspromised(promise)．

Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作

1．被大自然包圍不僅激發(fā)了我的創(chuàng)造力，也讓我從繁忙和喧囂的學(xué)校生活中得到了急需的休息。

Beingsurroundedbynaturenotonlysparkedmycreativitybutalsoofferedamuch-neededbreakfromtheusualhustleandbustleofschoollife．

2．首先，共享單車已經(jīng)成為城市交通的象征，為短途出行提供了一種經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠、綠色環(huán)保的選擇。

Firstly，sharedbicycleshaveemergedasasymbolofurbanmobility，offeringanaffordableandgreenalternativeforshorttrips．

3．受到美景的啟發(fā)，我決定創(chuàng)作一幅水彩畫，畫的是公園池塘上的小橋，周圍是盛開的鮮花。

Inspiredbythefantasticscenery，Idecidedtocreateawatercolorpaintingofthesmallbridgeoverthepark'spond，surroundedbybloomingflowers．

4．為了緩解學(xué)習(xí)帶來的壓力，上周末我和同學(xué)一起去了興鑫農(nóng)場(chǎng)摘橘子。

Inordertoreleasethepressureresultingfromstudy，IwenttoXingxinFarmtopicksomeorangestogetherwithmyclassmateslastweekend．

5．在確認(rèn)了大衛(wèi)想跑就能跑的情況后，我轉(zhuǎn)過身發(fā)現(xiàn)他朝我走來，他瘦小的身體隨著他的雙腳向前擺動(dòng)而左右搖晃。

HavingmadesurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted，Iturnedaroundtofindhimcomingtowardsme，hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward．

Ⅲ．語法填空

(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷改編)Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings)，those1．a(chǎn)mazing(amaze)constructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers，encasinghot，tastysoupandsweet，freshmeat，arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood．Thedumplingsarrive2．steaming(steam)anddangerouslyhot．Toeatone，youhavetodecidewhether3．tobite(bite)asmallholeinitfirst，releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出)，4．ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth，lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭)．

Shanghaimaybethe5．recognized(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplings，butfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringancientcanaltownofNanxiangasxiaolongbao'sbirthplace．There，youwillfindthem6．prepared(prepare)differently—moredumplingandlesssoup—andthewrappersarepressed7．byhandratherthanrolled．

Nanxiangaside，thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin，allowingthem8．tobelifted(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents．Themeatshouldbefreshwith9．a(chǎn)touchofsweetness，andthesurroundingsouphot，clearanddelicious．

NomatterwhereIbuythem，though，onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough，yettwoseemsgreedy，andsoIamalwaysleft10．wanting(want)morenexttime．

1/10動(dòng)詞不定式

語態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)形式_主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般式todotobedone

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

1．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語

語法規(guī)則例句

不定式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在句首。單個(gè)的不定式作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow．

有時(shí)不定式作主語時(shí)放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語，常用句型有：Itis＋adj．＋todosth．Itis＋a/an＋n．(pleasure，pity，crime，honor...)＋(forsb．)todosth．Itis＋adj．＋forsb．＋todosth．Itis＋adj．(表人的品質(zhì)、特征的形容詞)＋ofsb．＋todosth．Ittook(sb．)sometime/courage/wisdom...＋todosth．It'snecessaryforustohelpthoseinneed．It'sagreathonorforhertowinthisaward．

2．動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語

語法規(guī)則例句

不定式可作intend，plan，expect，pretend，wouldlike/love/prefer，wish，decide，agree，manage，refuse，promise，attempt，choose，learn，fail，afford等動(dòng)詞(短語)的賓語Theteacherdecidedtopretendtohaveknownwhattheboyshaddone．Hechosenottoasktheboysbutexpectedtobetoldeverything．

在某些動(dòng)詞，如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語(不定式)后置Hefeels/thinksitimportanttolearnEnglishwell，butfindsitdifficulttorememberthewords．

3．動(dòng)詞不定式作表語

語法規(guī)則例句

不定式作表語時(shí)，主語多是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan等表示“意向、打算、計(jì)劃"的名詞Mydreamistobecomeadoctoraftermygraduationfromuniversity．

4．動(dòng)詞不定式作定語

語法規(guī)則例句

放在序數(shù)詞，“序數(shù)詞＋名詞”，theonly，thenext，“形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞"后作定語Johnisalwaysthefirstonetocomeupwithagoodidea．

放在某些名詞，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan，effort等后作定語Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtohavethechancetodeliveraspeechhere．

不定式作定語時(shí)，須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與中心詞可能是主謂關(guān)系(即不定式的邏輯主語是該動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者)，也可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(即不定式的邏輯主語是該動(dòng)作的承受者)Weareinneedofnursestolookafterthekids．Ihaveseveralquestionstodiscusswithyou．

如果作定語的不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上相應(yīng)的介詞Hehasnoroomtolivein．Ineedapentowritewith．

5．動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語

語法規(guī)則例句

作目的狀語時(shí)，可位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo，soastodo，todo等Igotupearlysoasto/inorderto/tocatchtheearlybusinthemorning．

作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，常用于too...to...，enoughto，so/such...asto結(jié)構(gòu)中。onlytodo常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果IaskedMumtoputupthetentexcitedly，onlytobetoldthetenthadbeenleftbehind．

放在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised后作原因狀語IamextremelygladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisitduringthesummerholiday．

6．動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

下列動(dòng)詞后常用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach，tell等with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式，不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生Iamwritingtoinviteyoutocometomybirthdayparty．Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ican'tgoskatingwithyou．

下列動(dòng)詞(短語)接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：see，notice，observe，watch，lookat，hear，listento，let，have，make。但用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式需加toIoftenhearthegirlsingthesongwhichispopularrecently．＝Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesongwhichispopularrecentlybyme．

7．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

在句型sth．/sb．besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed中，用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，形式主要有todo，tobedoing，tohavedoneHeissaidtogoabroad．Heissaidtobesleeping．Bellissaidtohaveinventedthetelephone．

動(dòng)詞-ing形式

語態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)形式_主動(dòng)被動(dòng)意義

一般式doingbeingdone其表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生

1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在句首。單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但表示多于一個(gè)的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite．Swimminginsummerandskatinginwinterarehisgreatestpleasure．

有時(shí)用it作形式主語，常用于Itis/wasawasteof.../nouse/nogood/nopleasuredoingsth．結(jié)構(gòu)中Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson．

2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式常作介詞的賓語。by，feellike(想要)，leadto，bebusy(in)，devote...to...，beaddictedto，beaccustomed/beusedto，objectto，payattentionto，beopposedto，lookforwardto，havefun/difficulty/trouble(in)，spendtime(in)，thereisnopoint(in)IhelpMumoutbydoingthehouseworkthatIcando．LearningthatyouhavetroubleinlearningChinese，I'mwritingtooffersomesuggestions．

動(dòng)詞-ing形式可作下列動(dòng)詞的賓語：mind，miss，mention，enjoy，escape，practise，postpone，suggest，tolerate，consider，keep，avoid，admit，advise，allow/permit，appreciate，risk，resist，recommend，finish，forbid，imagine，dislike，delay，quit，deny等LittleTomisconsideringquittingpractisingplayingtheviolinbecausehisneighbourcouldn'ttoleratelisteningtothenoiseeveryday．

在動(dòng)詞(短語)need，require，want，deserve，beworth后，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義Theseclothesneedwashing．＝Theseclothesneedtobewashed．

3．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念Myhobbyisreadingbooks．

表示情緒的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，意為“令人……的”。如：amazing，confusing，frightening，surprising等Thenewsissurprising．

4．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)作定語，表示被修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作、特征、用途和性能asleepingchildaswimmingpool

有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常作定語修飾物，表示“令人……的"aterrifyingexperience

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，表正在進(jìn)行，doing表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行；beingdone表被動(dòng)進(jìn)行。單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞前；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之后fallingleavesthegirlwearingareddressthebridgebeingbuiltnow

5．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)與句子主語之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系Walkinginthestreet，Icameacrossanoldfriend．

havingdone與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生Havingwaitedinlinefortwohours，theoldmanbecameimpatient．

havingbeendone與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生Havingbeentoldmanytimes，theboystillmadethesamemistakeagainandagain．

6．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為vt．＋sb．/sth．＋doing...?？梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：feel，catch，find，hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/observe/notice等。注意：havesb．doingsth．用于否定句中，常與can't，won't等連用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”with＋名詞/代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式可表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Iamsorryforkeepingyouwaitingformeforsuchalongtime．Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat，whichissorude．Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky．

動(dòng)詞-ed形式

1．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語

語法規(guī)則例句

單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之前；動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之后。及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語表示被動(dòng)和完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語只表示完成abrokenglassthebridgecompletedlastmonthfallenleaves

2．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語，用作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作與句子主語之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系Seenfromthetopofthemountain，ourcitylooksbeautiful．

3．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

語法規(guī)則例句

動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，構(gòu)成vt．＋sb．/sth．＋done結(jié)構(gòu)。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作Shehadtoraisehervoicetomakeherselfheard．Theoldmanwantedhisoldwatchrepaired．Withhishomeworkfinished，hewenttotheparktoplay．

4．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語

語法規(guī)則例句

表示情緒的動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，意為“感到……的"。如：amazed，confused，frightened，surprised等Ifeltreallysurprisedwhenshetoldmetheexcitingnews．

其他非謂語形式

1．獨(dú)立主格

語法規(guī)則例句

①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在；②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等是邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與句子分開Ifweatherpermits，weshallplaythematchtomorrow．＝Weatherpermitting，weshallplaythematchtomorrow．Becauseherbikewasstolen，shehadtowalkhome．＝Herbikestolen，shehadtowalkhome．Becauseanimportantessayistobehandedintomorrow，Angelhastostayuplate．＝Animportantessaytobehandedintomorrow，Angelhastostayuplate．

2．獨(dú)立成分作狀語

獨(dú)立成分例句

generallyspeakingGenerallyspeaking，theruleisveryeasytounderstand．Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromHongKong．Totellyouthetruth，Iamalittletired．

frankly/honestlyspeaking

judgingfrom/by...

considering.../oconsideration/account

totellyouthetruth

seeing...

given...

comparedto/with...

Ⅰ．單句語法填空

1．Thelatest

_(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful．

2．Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel，thenationalparks，inparticular，tend__________(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety．

3．__(highlight)China'seconomicgrowthanditstransitiontoaglobaleconomicpowerhousewouldbeagreataspecttocover．

4．(2024·北京卷)Myfriendscheckedandcameback__________(shout)，“Amy，yougotthemainrole！”

5．Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto__________(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina．

6．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Hotpotismeantforfamiliesandfriends________(sit)together，dipeverythingtheylikeinonepot，andsharefriendshipandlove．

7．Herfablebegins，___________(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables．

8．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Fourdayslater，whenIwasbackinVienna，IcalledGunteras__________(promise)．

Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作