2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解閱讀理解能力突破試卷：突破瓶頸，提升閱讀速度考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Therapidexpansionofthedigitaleconomyhasreshapednumerousindustries,butitsimpactonthelabormarketremainsasubjectofintensedebate.Proponentsarguethatitcreatesflexiblejobopportunities,particularlyforremoteworkersandentrepreneurs.Thegigeconomy,facilitatedbyplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithclients,offersaseeminglyboundlessarrayoftasks,fromdrivingforride-sharingservicestodesigninggraphicsforsmallbusinesses.Thisflexibilityisoftenhighlightedasasignificantadvantage,allowingindividualstochoosetheirprojects,settheirownschedules,andpotentiallyearnmorethantraditionalwagejobs.However,criticscontendthatthelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsassociatedwithgigworkisamajordrawback.Unliketraditionalemployment,gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans.Thisprecariousnesscanleadtofinancialinstability,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnswhendemandforgigservicesmayplummet.Moreover,theisolationandlackofaformalworkplacecannegativelyaffectmentalhealth,asgigworkersoftenlackthesocialinteractionandcamaraderiefoundintraditionalofficeenvironments.Thedigitalplatformitselfcanalsoexertconsiderablecontroloverworkers,settingdemandingschedulesandalgorithmicperformancemetricsthatcreateconstantpressure.Theregulatoryenvironmentsurroundingthegigeconomyisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasindependentcontractorsoremployees—eachclassificationcarryingsignificantimplicationsfortaxation,laborrights,andsocialsecurity.Somejurisdictionshaveattemptedtoprovidegigworkerswithcertainprotections,suchasminimumearningsguaranteesortherighttoformunions,whileothershavetakenamorehands-offapproach,emphasizingthebenefitsoftheflexiblemarket.Theoutcomeofthesedebateswilllikelyhavefar-reachingconsequencesforthefutureofworkinthedigitalage.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicofgigworkhighlightedbyitsproponents?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialnegativeeffectsofgigworkonworkers'well-being?3.Whatisakeychallengegovernmentsfaceregardingthegigeconomy?4.Theword"precariousness"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)UnpredictabilityB)UnsteadinessC)UnawarenessD)UnsuitabilityPassage2Urbanizationhasbeenoneofthedefiningtrendsofthe21stcentury,withmillionsmigratingtocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunitiesandlivingstandards.Whilecitiesofferadvantagessuchasaccesstoeducation,healthcare,anddiverseculturalexperiences,theyalsoposesignificantchallenges.Theconcentrationofpeopleinurbanareasleadstoovercrowding,straininginfrastructureandpublicservices.Trafficcongestion,inadequatehousing,andpollutionarecommoncomplaintsinmanymetropolises.Furthermore,thehighcostofliving,particularlyhousing,canmakecitiesinaccessibletolower-incomegroups,exacerbatingsocialinequalities.Environmentalconcernsareanothermajorissueassociatedwithrapidurbanization.Theexpansionofurbanfootprintsoftenleadstodeforestationandthedestructionofnaturalhabitats.Increasedconsumptionandwastegenerationincitiescontributetohigherlevelsofpollution,includingair,water,andnoisepollution,whichcanhavedetrimentaleffectsonresidents'health.Theenergydemandsofurbancenters,drivenbytransportation,heating,andcooling,alsocontributesignificantlytocarbonemissionsandclimatechange.Despitethesechallenges,urbanizationalsodrivesinnovationandeconomicgrowth.Citiesarehubsofentrepreneurshipandtechnologicaladvancement,attractingtalentandinvestment.Thedensityoftheurbanenvironmentfosterscollaborationandtheexchangeofideas,whichcanleadtobreakthroughsinvariousfields.Moreover,well-plannedcitieswithrobustpublictransportationsystems,greenspaces,andsustainablebuildingscanmitigatesomeofthenegativeimpactsofurbanizationandimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents.Thekey,accordingtomanyurbanplanners,liesinsustainableurbandevelopmentthatbalancesgrowthwithenvironmentalprotectionandsocialequity.Questions:5.Whataresomeoftheinfrastructureandservicechallengesposedbyurbanization?6.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesurbanizationimpacttheenvironment?7.Whatpotentialbenefitsdoestheconcentrationofpeopleincitiesbring?8.Thephrase"mitigatesomeofthenegativeimpacts"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)IncreasesomeofthenegativeeffectsB)DecreasesomeofthenegativeeffectsC)IgnoresomeofthenegativeeffectsD)CausesomeofthenegativeeffectsPassage3Thefieldofartificialintelligence(AI)haswitnessedexplosivegrowthinrecentyears,leadingtosignificantadvancementsinvarioussectors,includinghealthcare,finance,andtransportation.AIalgorithmsarenowcapableofperformingcomplextasksthatwereoncethoughttorequirehumanintelligence,suchasdiagnosingdiseasesfrommedicalimagesormakinginvestmentdecisions.Thesecapabilitieshavethepotentialtogreatlyimproveefficiency,accuracy,andproductivityacrossmanyindustries.However,therapiddevelopmentofAIalsoraisesethicalconcernsthatcannotbeignored.OnemajorissueisthepotentialforbiasinAIsystems.IfthedatausedtotrainAImodelsisbiased,theresultingalgorithmsmayperpetuateandevenamplifyexistingsocietalinequalities.Forexample,AIusedinhiringprocessesmightdiscriminateagainstcertaindemographicgroupsiftrainedonbiasedhistoricaldata.AnotherethicalconcernisthelackoftransparencyinhowAIsystemsmakedecisions.ManyadvancedAImodels,particularlydeeplearningnetworks,operateas"blackboxes,"makingitdifficultforhumanstounderstandhowtheyarriveatspecificconclusions.Thislackoftransparencycanbeproblematicinhigh-stakesscenarios,suchascriminaljusticeorhealthcare,whereunderstandingthedecision-makingprocessiscrucial.Furthermore,thegrowingrelianceonAIraisesquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.AsAIsystemsbecomemorecapable,theymaydisplacehumanworkersincertainjobs,particularlythoseinvolvingroutinetasks.WhileAIisalsoexpectedtocreatenewjobopportunities,thetransitionmaybedifficultformanyworkers,requiringsignificantretrainingandadaptation.SocietymustthereforeconsiderhowtoensurethatthebenefitsofAIaresharedwidelyandthatthenegativeimpactsonemploymentaremitigatedthroughpoliciessuchasuniversalbasicincomeorexpandedaccesstoeducationandtraining.Questions:9.WhathasbeenasignificantadvancementinAItechnologyinrecentyears?10.WhatisonepotentialconsequenceofusingbiaseddatatotrainAImodels?11.WhyisthelackoftransparencyinAIdecision-makingaconcern?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialchallengeposedbytheincreasinguseofAIintheworkplace?Passage4Theimportanceofliteratureinshapingindividualperspectivesandsocietalvaluescannotbeoverstated.Throughstories,characters,andthemes,literatureallowsreaderstoexploredifferentcultures,historicalperiods,andmoraldilemmas.Thisexposurecanbroadenone'shorizons,fosterempathy,andencouragecriticalthinkingaboutcomplexissues.文學作品oftenserveasamirror,reflectingtherealitiesofhumanexperience,orasawindow,offeringinsightsintodiversewaysoflife.Theycaninspirepersonalgrowth,challengesocietalnorms,andeveninfluencesocialchange.However,theroleofliteratureincontemporarysocietyissometimesquestioned,particularlyintheageofdigitalmediaandinstantgratification.Somearguethatliteratureisbecomingincreasinglyirrelevantaspeople'sattentionspansshortenandtheyprefermorereadilyaccessibleformsofentertainment.Theycontendthatthecomplexnarrativesanddemandingproseoftraditionalliteraturearenolongerappealingtoayoungergenerationaccustomedtofast-paced,visually-drivencontent.Thishasledtoconcernsaboutadeclineinliteracyratesandadiminishingappreciationfortheintellectualandemotionalrewardsofreading.Despitethesechallenges,literaturecontinuestothriveandadapttothechangingtimes.Theriseofe-readers,audiobooks,andonlineliteraryplatformshasmadeliteraturemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.Socialmediaandbookclubshavecreatednewspacesfordiscussingandsharingliteraryexperiences,fosteringasenseofcommunityamongreaders.Moreover,contemporaryauthorsareexploringnewgenresandexperimentalforms,pushingtheboundariesofwhatliteraturecanbe.Aslongasliteratureremainsapowerfultoolforexploringthehumanconditionandconnectingwithothers,itwillcontinuetoholdacherishedplaceinourculturallandscape.Questions:13.Whataresomewaysinwhichliteraturecanbenefitreaders?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomereasonswhyliteraturemightbeconsideredirrelevantintoday'ssociety?15.Howhasthedigitalageimpactedtheliterarylandscape?16.Theword"prose"inthethirdparagraphrefersto:A)PoetryB)DramaC)WrittenlanguageD)Illustrations---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解Passage11.B)Flexibility*解析思路：第一段明確提到“flexibilityisoftenhighlightedasasignificantadvantage”，并詳細描述了遠程工作、自由安排時間、潛在高收入等特點，這些都是靈活性的具體體現(xiàn)。2.A)Unpredictability,B)Unsteadiness*解析思路：第二段主要論述了零工經(jīng)濟的缺點，包括缺乏健康保險、帶薪休假和退休計劃，以及工作不穩(wěn)定性。選項A“不可預測性”和選項B“不穩(wěn)定”都與“precariousness”（不穩(wěn)定性、precariousness）的意思相近。第二段提到“financialinstability”和“l(fā)ackofjobsecurity”，以及工作可能隨時中斷，這些都指向了工作的不穩(wěn)定和不可預測。3.D)Howtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasindependentcontractorsoremployees*解析思路：第三段明確指出政府面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是“howtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasindependentcontractorsoremployees”，即如何將零工工作者歸類為獨立承包商還是雇員。后面也提到了不同分類帶來的稅收、勞工權(quán)利和社會保障的“significantimplications”，進一步證實了這是關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)。4.B)Unsteadiness*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“precariousness”描述的是零工工作者由于缺乏保障和穩(wěn)定收入而處于一種precarious（不穩(wěn)定、precarious）的狀態(tài)。選項B“Unsteadiness”（不穩(wěn)定）最符合這個語境。選項A“Unpredictability”（不可預測性）也有關(guān)聯(lián)，但不如“unsteadiness”直接表達缺乏穩(wěn)定性。Passage25.Overcrowding,inadequatehousing,pollution,trafficcongestion*解析思路：第二段明確列出了城市化帶來的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)挑戰(zhàn)，包括“overcrowding”、“inadequatehousing”、“pollution”和“trafficcongestion”。6.Deforestation,destructionofnaturalhabitats,increasedpollution(air,water,noise),highercarbonemissions*解析思路：第三段詳細描述了城市化對環(huán)境的影響，包括“urbanexpansionleadstodeforestationandthedestructionofnaturalhabitats”（城市擴張導致森林砍伐和自然棲息地的破壞）、“Increasedconsumptionandwastegenerationcontributetohigherlevelsofpollution,includingair,water,andnoisepollution”（消費和垃圾產(chǎn)生增加，導致空氣、水和噪音污染水平升高）以及“energydemands...contributesignificantlytocarbonemissionsandclimatechange”（能源需求對碳排放和氣候變化有顯著貢獻）。7.Innovation,economicgrowth,collaboration,exchangeofideas*解析思路：第四段指出了城市集中的潛在好處，包括“citiesarehubsofentrepreneurshipandtechnologicaladvancement”（城市是創(chuàng)業(yè)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的中心，即創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟增長），以及“thedensityoftheurbanenvironmentfosterscollaborationandtheexchangeofideas”（城市環(huán)境的密度促進了合作和思想交流）。8.B)Decreasesomeofthenegativeeffects*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“mitigatesomeofthenegativeimpacts”意為減輕或緩和一些負面影響。選項B“Decreasesomeofthenegativeeffects”（減少一些負面影響）與這個意思最接近。選項A“Increase”與文意相反，選項C“Ignore”不夠全面，選項D“Cause”與文意不符。9.AIalgorithmsarenowcapableofperformingcomplextasksthatwereoncethoughttorequirehumanintelligence,suchasdiagnosingdiseasesfrommedicalimagesormakinginvestmentdecisions.*解析思路：第一段提到“AIalgorithmsarenowcapableofperformingcomplextasksthatwereoncethoughttorequirehumanintelligence”，并舉例說明了在醫(yī)療（診斷疾病）和金融（投資決策）領(lǐng)域的應用。10.Itmightperpetuateandevenamplifyexistingsocietalinequalities.*解析思路：第二段提到“ifthedatausedtotrainAImodelsisbiased,theresultingalgorithmsmayperpetuateandevenamplifyexistingsocietalinequalities”，即算法可能加劇現(xiàn)有的社會不平等。11.Becauseunderstandingthedecision-makingprocessiscrucialinhigh-stakesscenarios,suchascriminaljusticeorhealthcare.*解析思路：第二段解釋了缺乏透明度的問題，指出在“high-stakesscenarios,suchascriminaljusticeorhealthcare,whereunderstandingthedecision-makingprocessiscrucial”，理解決策過程至關(guān)重要。12.BecauseAIisexpectedtodisplacehumanworkersincertainjobs,particularlythoseinvolvingroutinetasks.*解析思路：第三段提到“AsAIsystemsbecomemorecapable,theymaydisplacehumanworkersincertainjobs,particularlythoseinvolvingroutinetasks”，即AI可能取代某些工作中的人類工人，特別是那些涉及重復性任務(wù)的工作。Passage313.Literaturecanbroadenone'shorizons,fosterempathy,encouragecriticalthinking,exploredifferentcultures,his