PAGE2/22022屆高三名校試題分類精析+預測之主題閱讀03日常活動序號體裁主題內(nèi)容概要1說明文人與自我之積極的生活態(tài)度作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，安慰別人的一個非常有效也是簡單易行的方法擁抱。2說明文人與自我之生活體驗對于許多大一新生來說，當他們在生活的許多方面感到無法控制時，就會通過暴飲暴食的方式應對壓力，從而經(jīng)常被開玩笑地稱為“新生15”。文章分析了他們的壓力來源，并提出了控制這種情況下的暴飲暴食的建議。3夾敘夾議人與自我之家庭生活作者通過講述自己小時候的經(jīng)歷，得出結(jié)論：貧窮家庭的孩子比富裕家庭的同齡人更不健康，更容易生病。4議論文人與自我之完善自我文章介紹了作為專家需要具備的知識及作為一個多面手需要具備的東西，并對兩者進行了比較與討論，建議做一個多面手。5說明文人與自我之積極的生活態(tài)度文章介紹了幸福的來之不易，要接受困難的情緒，把它作為生活的一部分。6夾敘夾議人與自我之個人體驗文章主要講述了一位外國訪問學者對北京近年間變化的描述和感受。7記敘文人與自我之家庭生活文章講述了一個關(guān)于“誤解”的故事：女兒從學校帶回了一具骷髏，并把它放進了衣柜里，想提醒母親注意，但卻引發(fā)了家庭矛盾，最后直到母親被柜子里的骷髏架嚇倒后，女孩的父母才知道是怎么回事。8記敘文人與自我之生活方式文章主要介紹了哪一種洗車方法對環(huán)境更有益處：在家還是去洗車公司。1（2021·青岡縣第一中學校高三）Whenafriendcomestoyouafterastressfulday,howdoyoucomforthim?Doyoulethimcomplain?Doyoupourhimaglassofcoffee?Thosecouldwork.Butanewstudyfindsthataveryeffectivetechniqueisalsosimpleandeasy—hugging."Individualswhoreportednoticingtheavailabilityofanetworkofsupportiveindividualstendtoshowbetteradaptationwhenfacedwithstress.Butjustbecauseyouhaveasupportnetworkdoesnotmeanthatyouabsolutelyfeelthatsupport,"saidMichaelMurphy,apsychologyexpertatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Hewantedtoknowifpeoplewhoreceivedhugsregularlycouldhandleanxietyandstressbetter.SoMurphyandhisteaminterviewed404menandwomeneveryeveningfortwoweeks,Duringtheseinterviews,theparticipantswereaskedasimpleyesornoquestion-whethersomebodyhadhuggedthemthatday-andasimpleyesornoquestionofwhethertheyhadexperiencedconflictwithsomebodythatday.Theyalsowereaskedtorespondtoquestionsaboutnegativeandpositivemoodstates.Andtheresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhoexperiencedaconflictwerenotasnegativelyaffectediftheyreceivedahugthatdayasparticipantswhoexperiencedconflictanddidn'tgetahug.Andtheywerealsofoundnottocarrythenegativeeffecttothenextday,whilethosewhodidnotreceiveonewould.ThefindingsareinthejournalPLOSONE.Murphydoesincludethiswarning:"Soourfindingsshouldnotbetakenasproofthatpeopleshouldjuststarthugginganyoneandeveryonewhoseemsupset.Ahugfromonebossatworkorastrangeronthestreetcouldbeviewedasneitheragreeablenorpositive."Theideaistorelievestress.Notaddtoit.1.Whatdoesparagraph1serveas?A.Alead-in. B.Abackground.C.Anargument. D.Asummary.2.Whydidtheresearchersinterviewthosepeople?A.Tofindoutcausesoftheirconflicts.B.Totesttheinfluenceofhugging.C.Toaskforadviceonrelievingstress.D.Toseekwaystocomforttroubledpeople.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inparagraph4referto?A.404interviewees. B.Murphyandhisteam.C.Participantsgettingahug. D.Peoplereceivingnohugs.4.WhatdoMurphy'swordswarnintheend?A.Theinterviewresultsprovetheirfindings.B.Abossshouldcomfortworkersbyhugging.C.Peopleshouldhugothersregularlyandactively.D.Therearesomelimitationsoftheirfindings.【答案】ABCD【解析】本文是一篇說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，安慰別人的一個非常有效也是簡單易行的方法擁抱。1.推理判斷題。第一段指出“Thosecouldwork.Butanewstudyfindsthataveryeffectivetechniqueisalsosimpleandeasy—hugging”（那些可以起作用。但一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個非常有效的技巧也是簡單易行的擁抱），接下來文章講述了對這一發(fā)現(xiàn)進行的研究調(diào)查，由此可知，第一段用來導入主題。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“Butjustbecauseyouhaveasupportnetworkdoesnotmeanthatyouabsolutelyfeelthatsupport,"saidMichaelMurphy,apsychologyexpertatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Hewantedtoknowifpeoplewhoreceivedhugsregularlycouldhandleanxietyandstressbetter”（但是，僅僅因為你有一個支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并不意味著你絕對能感受到這種支持，”匹茲堡卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學的心理學專家邁克爾·墨菲說。他想知道經(jīng)常接受擁抱的人是否能更好地應對焦慮和壓力）可知研究人員要采訪這些人，是為了測試擁抱的影響。故選B。3.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“werealsofoundnottocarrythenegativeeffecttothenextday,whilethosewhodidnotreceiveonewould”（也被發(fā)現(xiàn)不會把負面影響帶到第二天，而那些沒有得到擁抱的人會）可知，劃線詞they指代的是“得到擁抱的參與者”，故選C。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Soourfindingsshouldnotbetakenasproofthatpeopleshouldjuststarthugginganyoneandeveryonewhoseemsupset.Ahugfromonebossatworkorastrangeronthestreetcouldbeviewedasneitheragreeablenorpositive”（因此，我們的研究結(jié)果不應被視為人們應該開始擁抱任何看起來沮喪的人的證據(jù)。工作時的老板或街上的陌生人的擁抱可能被認為既不友好也不積極）可知墨菲的話警告了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)有一些局限性。故選D。2（2021·浙江衢州市·衢州二中）It’sdifficulttoimagineastandardcoming-of-ageexperiencethatinvolvesmorechange,morestress,andmorepersonalchallengethanfreshmanyearofcollege.Thatfoodmightbecomeawayformanytodealwiththosestressesishardlysurprising.Weight

gaininthefirstyearofcollege,oftenjokinglyreferredtoasthe“Freshman15”,issocommonthatithasbecomeacliche(陳詞濫調(diào)).Thefactthatthisfreshmanweightgainissocommonplacedisguisesthefactthatitisoftenasignofayoungpersonhavingdifficultycopingwiththestressesofanewlife.“Foodbecomesawaytoexertcontrolformanyfreshmenwhentheyfeellittlecontrolinmanyareasoftheirlives,”MollyKimball,aregistereddietitianandsportsnutritionist,says.“Iworkwithyoungpeopleallthetimewhohavegottenintopoorlifestylechoicesandadisorderedwayofeating.”“Theseareseriousissues,”saysCarolHolland,anassociateprofessorand

psychologist

inthecounselingcenter,adds.“Gaining10or15poundsisn’talwaysabigdeal,butitcouldbeasignthatayoungpersondoesnothavethecopingskillsneededgiventhestressesheorsheisunder.That’ssomethingparentswanttobeawareof.”“Formanystudents,collegelifeisstartingoverfromsquareone,”saysHolland,aspokesmanfortheAmericanCollegeCounselingAssociation.“Theyhaveallnewfriends,academicdemands,boy-girl

relationships,andmoneyworries.Theymaythinkit’seasy,butquicklytheyareneckdeepintoarealtimeofdifficulttransformation.”Sohowtokeepthissituationalovereatingincheck?Getinaregularpatternofeatingandselectivelyeatthingsyouenjoy.Don’tskipmeals,andkeepahealthy,satisfyingsnackonhand.Also,trytoworkoutahealthyfoodplanthatuseswhatyouhavearoundyouthatiseasyandconvenient.Finally,don’tstopexercising.Mostschoolshavesomekindofstudentsportscenter,joinitandgetridofyourlazyhabits!5.Whathappenstofreshmenincollegeaccordingtothepassage?A.Mostofthemcannotcopewiththechangesoflife.B.Theyarefreetoeatanythingtheywantawayfromhome.C.Manyofthemturntofoodasawaytodealwithstresses.D.Theyusuallygainmuchweightbecauseofthebusyschedule.6.Whatdoes“these”inparagraph4referto?A.Weightgains. B.Somebadhabits. C.Stressesinlife. D.Difficultiesincollege.7.WhichofthefollowingisacauseofstressamongfreshmenaccordingtoHolland?A.Parent-childrelationship. B.Academicrequirements.C.Differenteatinghabits. D.Part-timejobsoffcampus.8.Whatcanfreshmendotocontrolovereating?A.Joiningabasketballclub. B.Nothavingdinner.C.Keepingawayfromsnacks. D.Stayinguptostudyatnight.【答案】CBBA【解析】這是一篇說明文。對于許多大一新生來說，當他們在生活的許多方面感到無法控制時，就會通過暴飲暴食的方式應對壓力，從而經(jīng)常被開玩笑地稱為“新生15”。文章分析了他們的壓力來源，并提出了控制這種情況下的暴飲暴食的建議。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句內(nèi)容“Thatfoodmightbecomeawayformanytodealwiththosestressesishardlysurprising.(食物可能成為許多人應對這些壓力的一種方式，這不足為奇。)”以及該段末尾句內(nèi)容“Thefactthatthisfreshmanweightgainissocommonplacedisguisesthefactthatitisoftenasignofayoungpersonhavingdifficultycopingwiththestressesofanewlife.(新生體重增加如此普遍的事實掩蓋了一個事實，那就是這通常是一個年輕人在應對新生活的壓力方面有困難的跡象。)”可知，很多大學新生在應對新生活的壓力方面有困難，因此會用飲食來應對這種心理壓力。故選C項。6.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語法常識可知，“these”指代前文提及的“復數(shù)意義”的人，物或事，同時結(jié)合前后文語境可知，“these”應是指代文章第三段末尾內(nèi)容“Iworkwithyoungpeopleallthetimewhohavegottenintopoorlifestylechoicesandadisorderedwayofeating(我一直在和年輕人打交道，他們的生活方式選擇很糟糕，飲食方式也很混亂)”句中提到的大學新生糟糕的生活方式和飲食方式，即，會因為壓力慢慢養(yǎng)成壞的生活習慣。故選B項。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容提到了他們面臨的問題“Theyhaveallnewfriends,academicdemands,boy-girlrelationships,andmoneyworries(他們要結(jié)交新朋友，學業(yè)上的需求，男女關(guān)系和金錢上的擔憂)”其中有“academicdemands(學業(yè)上的需求)”。故選B項。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容提出的最后一條建議為“Finally,don’tstopexercising.Mostschoolshavesomekindofstudentsportscenter,joinitandgetridofyourlazyhabits(最后，不要停止鍛煉。大多數(shù)學校都有某種形式的學生體育中心，加入它，擺脫你的懶惰習慣)”可知，大學新生通過加入運動俱樂部等方式，可以慢慢改變壞習慣而避免暴飲暴食。選項A“Joiningabasketballclub.(加入籃球俱樂部。)”屬于該建議中的一種具體方式。故選A項。3（2021·云南曲靖市·曲靖一中高三）Igrewupinasmallvillage,whereIsawgirlsagedfiveorsix,carryingyoungersiblings,andbeggingonthestreetsforfood.Theyweredirty,andworeclothesthatwerelittlemorethanrags.Iwondered,whytheirparentswouldnotgivethemenoughtoeat,tillIwastoldthattheirparentsprobablygavethemalltheyhad,andwenthungrythemselves.Theylivedinhovels,andoftenwhiletheolderchildrenbegged,theyoungeroneswereasleepontheroadside.AsIgrewup,andleftthevillagetopursuemystudiesinabiggertown,theseimagesstayedwithme.However,tomydismay,Ifoundthatthereweremoresuchbeggarsthere,thanIhadseeninmyvillage.Itstruckmethen,thatIlivedinapoorcountrywherepovertywasacursesufferedbylargenumbersofthepopulation.Itwasatthisstageofmylife,thatImadeupmymindtodomybittoeasethepainofthesepoor,unfortunatepeople.MyparentswerehappytoseethatIfeltsomuchsympathyforthoselessfortunatethanme,andencouragedmetodosmallthingslikeofferingfood,sweetsorclothestopoorpeoplenearbyonmybirthday,insteadofhavingapartyformyfriends.Fortunately,myschooltoowasattheforefrontofsocialwork,involvingeducatingthosewhodidnothavethemeanstogotoaproperschool.Westudents,weretakentonearbyruralareas,tostaywiththevillagersandunderstandtheirproblems.Wealsosometimeshelpedtheyoungerchildrenwiththeirhomework,andencouragedthemnevertostoptheirschooling,becausemanychildrenareforcedtostopgoingtoschool,andinsteadhelptheirparentsoutinsmalljobs.AsIgraduatedfromhighschool,Irealizedthatthemeanstoendpovertywaseducation.Ifoundthatpoorchildrenwerelesshealthy,andmorepronetodiseasethantheirpeersinmoreadvantagedhomes.9.Atfirsttheauthormaybelievetheparentsofthepoorkidsare________.A.lessfortunate B.crueltolittlechildrenC.toobusywiththeirwork D.livingbadlyoff10.Fromthepassagewecanconcludetheauthoris________.A.hard—workinganddetermined B.regretfulanddisappointedC.welleducatedandoptimistic D.mercifulandwarmhearted11.Whichisthebestwaytoeradicatepoverty?A.InvestmenttoboosteconomyB.SocialworkbythegovernmentofficialsC.CompulsoryeducationforallchildrenD.Urbanizationofallruralareas12.Whatdoestheauthor’sschooldoforthosewhocannotcontinuewiththeirschooling?A.Itplaysanactivepartineducatingthosedropped--outkids.B.Itencouragesthestudentstodosurveysinthecountryside.C.Iturgesthegovernmenttopromoteeducation.D.Itoffersfoodandclothestopoorpeopleinruralareas.【答案】BDCA【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過講述自己小時候的經(jīng)歷，得出結(jié)論：貧窮家庭的孩子比富裕家庭的同齡人更不健康，更容易生病。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iwondered,whytheirparentswouldnotgivethemenoughtoeat,tillIwastoldthattheirparentsprobablygavethemalltheyhad”（我很奇怪，為什么他們的父母不給他們足夠的食物，直到我被告知他們的父母可能把他們所有的東西都給了他們）可知，作者最初認為貧窮孩子的父母對孩子缺乏溫情。故選B。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itwasatthisstageofmylife,thatImadeupmymindtodomybittoeasethepainofthesepoor,unfortunatepeople.”（正是在我生命的這個階段，我決定盡自己的一份力量來減輕這些可憐的、不幸的人們的痛苦）可以推斷作者對貧困孩子充滿同情心，并且愿意盡自己綿薄之力幫助可憐的孩子們。故選D。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AsIgraduatedfromhighschool,Irealizedthatthemeanstoendpovertywaseducation.Ifoundthatpoorchildrenwerelesshealthy,andmorepronetodiseasethantheirpeersinmoreadvantagedhomes.”（當我高中畢業(yè)時，我意識到結(jié)束貧困的手段就是教育。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，貧窮家庭的孩子比富裕家庭的同齡人更不健康，更容易生?。┛芍?，作者認為只有通過教育的普及才能切斷貧困的代際傳播。故選C。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Fortunately,myschooltoowasattheforefrontofsocialwork,involvingeducatingthosewhodidnothavethemeanstogotoaproperschool.”（幸運的是，我的學校也在社會工作的前線，包括教育那些沒有能力去正規(guī)學校的人）可知，作者所在的學校在教育那些輟學的孩子方面起著積極的作用。故選A。4（2021·遼寧高三月考）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisthatweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakentheirsenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeopleMasteringonethingtotheexclusionofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective(視角)intospecificfieldsofexpertise(專長).ThedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandPhilosopher,isasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsowriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatebythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit.”Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.13.Tobecomeaspecialist,youmayhaveto______.A.narrowyourrangeofknowledgeB.getpushedbythesurroundingsC.knowalotmoreaboutsocietyD.bedevotedtoaspecialjob14.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho______.A.isapurespecialistinmedicineB.isgiftedinpoetryandphilosophyC.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork15.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Chinesecultureisappealingtopeopleworldwide.B.Onepassionaloneisnotenoughtoensuresuccess.C.In-depthexplorationcanmakediscoveriespossible.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.16.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TurnaGeneralistIntoaSpecialistB.BeMoreofaGeneralistThanaSpecialistC.WaystoBecomeaGeneralistD.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecide【答案】ADDB【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了作為專家需要具備的知識及作為一個多面手需要具備的東西，并對兩者進行了比較與討論，建議做一個多面手。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.”（社會促使我們專攻，成為專家。這需要致力于某一特定的職業(yè)、學科或研究。成為專家的缺點是，我們常常對越來越少的東西了解得越來越多。）可知，專家需要致力于某一特定的職業(yè)、學科或研究，所以要想成為專家，就必須縮小自己的知識面。故選A項。14.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.”（一個既是詩人又是哲學家的醫(yī)生是一個優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人比良好的醫(yī)療技術(shù)更多的東西。）可知，作者認為一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生不僅僅是純粹的醫(yī)生，他在詩歌和哲學上所知的東西也會運用到工作中去，給予病人超越醫(yī)術(shù)的東西，會將其他領(lǐng)域的知識帶到工作中去。故選D項。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Toni”的例子上文內(nèi)容“Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.”（事物是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。讓你在某一領(lǐng)域的專長激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯(lián)系，但一旦你探索了它們的深度，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是聯(lián)系的。）可知，作者想用托妮的例子來說明表面上不相關(guān)的興趣在某種程度上是相關(guān)的。故選D項。16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.(做一個多面手是有道理的，即使你是個專家)”和最后一段“Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.(這些對新世界的擴展通過給我們新的視角來幫助我們。我們開始在我們生活的方方面面，在我們自己和宇宙中，看到事物之間的相互聯(lián)系。拓展廣博的知識和經(jīng)驗。宇宙完全在你使用的探索和享受中)”及結(jié)合全文理解可知，本文主要講述做一個多面手，而不是專家，這更能讓我們生活得充實，因此推斷B項“做一個多面手，而不是專家”符合文章主旨大意。故選B項。5（2021·湖北省武漢市漢鐵高級中學）Ourbraindoesn'tknowhowtobehappy,orevencontent.Itsimplylacksthegeneticinstructionstocarryoutthattask.Itknowshowtodoamillionotherlessimportantthings,fromwritingalettertomaintainingourbalance;fromappreciatingthemusicofBachtosmellingarose,butifyouaskthebraintobehappy,itsimplydoesn'tknowhowtorespond.Thisisbecausethegeneticcodeisonlyconcernedwithsurvivalandreproduction,whichhappinessdoesnotnecessarilyhaveanythingtodowith,andthereforebelongsinadifferentaspect.Naturedoesn'twantustoalwaysfeelcontentandsatisfied,letalonehappy,asthiswouldlowerourguardagainstpossiblethreatstooursurvival.Happiness,astheBrazilianpoetViniciusdeMoraesputit,is“l(fā)ikeafeatherflyingintheair.Itflieslight,butnotforverylong.”Itissoelusivethatithasalsobeencomparedtoabutterfly,which“whenpursued,isalwaysjustbeyondyourgrasp,butwhich,ifyouwillsitdownquietly,mayalightuponyou,”accordingto19th-centuryAmericannovelistNathanielHawthorne.Inanycase,whatisclearisthathappinessis,atbest,fleeting(飛逝的）andinconstant.Inthisblog,wewilllookatthemythofhappinessfrommanyperspectivesand,intheprocess,wewilltouchontopicssuchashappypersonalities,theunhappyworkingsofthebrain,evolution,dreams,andevenfairytales.Iexplorealltheseissuesindetailinmybook,whichsharesitstitlewiththisblog.Happinessisacrucialconcept.Wespendallofourlivespursuingit,soitdeservesaverycarefulanalysis.Wearedeterminedbyourbiologicaldesigntoexperiencemixedandmessyemotions.Butthesilverliningistheknowledgethathavingdifficultemotionsdoesn'trepresentapersonalfailure.Theinevitableunhappinessthatweallsufferfromtimetotimeisnotashortcomingthatdemandsurgentrepair.Farfromit.Thisunhappinessis,infact,whatmakesushuman.17.Whydoesourbrainlackthegeneticinstructionstobehappy?A.Becausebeinghappyislessimportantthanappreciatingandcreatingart.B.Becausefeelinggoodisn'toneofourconcernsinlivingalife.C.Becausewetendtobemoreawareofthethreatswhenweareunhappy.D.Becausehappinesshaslittletodowiththecontinuationofaspecies.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Easytoexpose. B.Difficulttoachieve.C.Unabletoexplain. D.Likelytoremain.19.Thesentence“Thisunhappinessis,infact,whatmakesushuman.”meansA.Happinessisasignificantconcept.B.Theinevitableunhappinessisagreatproblem.C.Ourbiologicaldesigndoesn’tmakeusalwaysfeelhappy.D.Weshouldpursuehappinessinlife.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldmakehappinessourtopconcernnomatterwhat.B.Negativeemotionsalwaysrequireimmediateattention.C.Weshouldacceptdifficultemotionsasanaturalpartoflife.D.Socialfailuresaremorelikelytobetroubledbynegativefeelings.【答案】DBCC【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幸福的來之不易，要接受困難的情緒，把它作為生活的一部分。17.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisisbecausethegeneticcodeisonlyconcernedwithsurvivalandreproduction,whichhappinessdoesnotnecessarilyhaveanythingtodowith,andthereforebelongsinadifferentaspect.（這是因為遺傳密碼只與生存和繁衍有關(guān)，而幸福與生存和繁衍不一定有任何關(guān)系，因此屬于不同的方面。）”可知，我們的大腦缺乏讓我們快樂的基因指令是因為幸福與一個物種的延續(xù)沒有什么關(guān)系。故選D。18.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“whenpursued,isalwaysjustbeyondyourgrasp,butwhich,ifyouwillsitdownquietly,mayalightuponyou（當你追逐時，總是抓不到，但如果你安靜地坐下來，它可能會落在你身上。）”通過這個比喻來形容幸福的來之不易，所以elusive指的是“難以實現(xiàn)的”意思。故選B。19.句意理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wearedeterminedbyourbiologicaldesigntoexperiencemixedandmessyemotions.（我們的生理設(shè)計決定了我們要體驗復雜而混亂的情緒。）”可猜測，這句話的意思是我們的生理設(shè)計并不總是讓我們感到快樂。故選C。20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butthesilverliningistheknowledgethathavingdifficultemotionsdoesn'trepresentapersonalfailure.Theinevitableunhappinessthatweallsufferfromtimetotimeisnotashortcomingthatdemandsurgentrepair.（但所幸的是，有困難的情緒并不代表個人的失敗。我們都會時不時地遭受不可避免的不快樂，這并不是一個需要緊急修復的缺點。）”及全文可知，本文闡述的觀點是要接受失敗，樂觀面對生活的困難并從中汲取養(yǎng)分。故選C。6（2021·云南昆明一中高三開學考試）ThefirsttimeIcametoBeijing,IbarelyspokeawordofChineseandhadnoideaaboutwhatitwouldmeantoliveinanewcountry.Iwentonadventuresinsupermarkets,thinking:“Whatisthisplace,withhundredsofnoodletypesbutonlytwobrandsofsteak?”Iwalkedaroundtogetabettersenseofthecity.IwouldstartamorningnearHouhai,whichwasamazingwithcommercialwalkways.Fromthere,Iwouldwanderintohutongs,thenarrowpathsthatwindtheirwayfromoneendofoldBeijingtotheother.Theelderlywomen,knownasdamas,satonchairsoutsidetheirdoorsteps.Occasionally,amanonabicyclewouldpassby.Toanynewcomer,Beijingseemedlikeaever-growingcitycontrastedwithitscalmsurroundingsandapaceoflifeseeminglyunchangedfordecades.However,everythinginBeijinghasinfactchanged.TheOlympicsstartedtheconstructionofmoresubwaylines,anewairport,manyhigh-speedrailwayroutes,andmanyotherprojects.Intheyearssince,Beijinghascontinuedtotransformatanamazingspeed.Ihadnoideathatthe2018BeijingIwasseeingwasjustasnapshot(快照)ofthecity'sfast-pacedturnover.WhenIreturnedthreeyearslaterforanotherresearchproject,Ifoundthatmypicturewasentirelyoutdated,althoughtherelaxeddamasstillsatontheirchairs.Bike-sharingcompanieshadcomeandgone.Thefolkswhohadpreviouslybeenroastinglambmeatinfoodstandsonthestreetsweredistributingthegroceriesforanonlineshoppingplatformcompany.ThegroupofoldmenwhoswaminHouhaiwasonlyhalfinnumber.Somebelievethatbecausetheyhavewandereditsdarkesthutongsandbeentoitsgrandestpalaces,theyhaveachanceofknowingBeijing,butlocalsonlylaughattheattempt.21.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutBeijingwhenhefirstcame?A.Itbroughthimmuchdelight. B.Itfrustratedhimallthetime.C.Itpresentedacontrastedsight. D.Itwaspackedwitholdtraditions.22.Whomightbetheauthorofthispassage?A.AvisitingscholartoBeijing. B.Astudentfromtheruralvillage.C.Acentralgovernmentofficial. D.AbusinessmanworkinginBeijing.23.Whatdoweknowaboutdamas?A.Theyadjusttothechangesrapidly. B.Theyhavemovedtootherplaces.C.Theyleadabusierlifethanbefore. D.Theyseemunchangedthroughyears.24.WhydolocalslaughattheattempttounderstandBeijing?A.Localswillprovidevariedanswers. B.Itwillbeaneffortinvain.C.Visitorsmayeasilybeconfused. D.Misunderstandingwillariseinnotime.【答案】CADB【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了一位外國訪問學者對北京近年間變化的描述和感受。21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Toanynewcomer,Beijingseemedlikeaever-growingcitycontrastedwithitscalmsurroundingsandapaceoflifeseeminglyunchangedfordecades.（對于任何新來者來說，北京似乎是一個不斷發(fā)展的城市，與它平靜的環(huán)境和幾十年來似乎沒有改變的生活節(jié)奏形成了鮮明的對比。）”可知，對于像作者一樣剛到北京的人而言，北京看上去就像一個一直在成長的城市，與它平靜的周邊環(huán)境和看上去數(shù)十載未改變的生活節(jié)奏形成對比，所以作者初到北京時感覺北京呈現(xiàn)了一種對比鮮明的圖景。故選C。22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“WhenIreturnedthreeyearslaterforanotherresearchproject...（三年后，我為了另一個研究項目回到這里……）”可知，作者為了另一個研究項目在三年后重回北京，所以作者應該是一名到北京的訪問學者。故選A。23.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Theelderlywomen,knownasdamas,satonchairsoutsidetheirdoorsteps.（這些被稱為大媽的老年婦女坐在自家臺階外的椅子上。）”和第四段中的“...althoughtherelaxeddamasstillsatontheirchairs.（盡管大媽們?nèi)匀蛔谝巫由?。）”可知，原來那些被稱為大媽的年長女性坐在門前的椅子上，之后作者重返北京看到那些感到放松的大媽們依舊坐在她們的椅子上，所以大媽們在幾年間似乎沒有發(fā)生變化。故選D。24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Somebelievethatbecausetheyhavewandereditsdarkesthutongsandbeentoitsgrandestpalaces,theyhaveachanceofknowingBeijing,butlocalsonlylaughattheattempt.（一些人認為，因為他們走過了最黑暗的胡同，去過了最宏偉的宮殿，他們才有機會了解北京，但當?shù)厝酥粫靶@種嘗試。）”可知，有些人以為只要他們在北京最幽深的胡同中穿行過并去過北京最恢宏的宮殿就有機會了解北京，而當?shù)厝顺靶λ麄冊噲D了解北京一事，所以當?shù)厝顺靶υ噲D了解北京一事是因為它是一件徒勞無功的嘗試。故選B。7（2021·運城市新康國際實驗學校高三月考）“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼）inthecloset(衣櫥）?”Jessicaasked.“Askeletoninthecloset?”hermotherpausedthoughtfully.“Well,it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelseknowabout.Forexample,ifinthepast,someoneinDad’sfamilyhadbeenarrestedforstealingahorse,itwouldbe‘a(chǎn)skeletoninhisfamily’scloset’.Hereallywouldn’twantanyneighbortoknowaboutit.”“Whypickonmyfamily?”Jessica’sfathersaidwithanger.“Yourfamilyhistoryisn’tsogood,youknow.Wasn’tyourgreat-great-grandfatheraprisonerwhowastransportedtoAustraliaforhiscrimes?”“Yes,butpeoplethesedayssaythatyouarenotarealAustralianunlessyourancestorsarrivedasprisoners.”“Gosh,sorryIasked.IthinkIunderstandnow,”Jessicacutinbeforethingsgrewworse.Afterdinner,thehousewasveryquiet.Jessica’sparentswerestillquiteangrywitheachother.Hermotherwasironingclothesandeverynowandthensheglaredatherhusband,whohidbehindhisnewspaperpretendingtoread.Whenshefinished,shegatheredthefreshlypressedclothesinherarmsandwalkedtoJessica'scloset.Justassheopenedthedoorandreachedintohangaskirt,abonyarmstuckoutfromthedarkdepthsandabundleofwhitebonesfelltothefloor.Jessica'smothersankintoafaint(暈倒），wakingonlywhenJessicaputacold,wetclothonherforehead.Shelookeduptoseetheworriedfacesofherhusbandanddaughter.“Whathappened?WhereamI?”sheasked.“Youjustdestroyedtheschool’sskeleton,Mum,”explainedJessica.“Ibroughtithometohelpmewithmyhealthproject.Imeanttotellyou,butitseemedthatassoonaslmentionedskeletonsandclosets,itcausedaproblembetweenyouandDad.”Jessicalookedinamazementasherparentsbegantolaughmadly.“They'rebothcrazy,”shethought.25.AccordingtoJessica’smother,“askeletoninthecloset”means________.A.afamilyhonor B.afamilysecretC.afamilystory D.afamilytreasure26.WhatcanwelearnaboutsomeAustralians’ancestorsfromParagraph2?A.TheywerebroughttoAustraliaasprisoners.B.TheyweretheearliestpeoplelivinginAustralia.C.TheywereinvolvedinsomecrimesinAustralia.