【英語】英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)練習(xí)題含答案一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Whilefakingandfiercelooksareamonganimalsgreatdefenses,manyspeciesknowthateveryonerunsfromabigstink(臭氣)too.

Vulture(禿鴛)

Vultures,arestreetsweepersthatfeastontherottingfleshofdeadanimals,whichbenefitsusbyriddingourhighwaysandlandscapesofanimalbodiesandthebacteriatheymightcarry.Whenvulturesfeelthreatenedtheyvomit,andthesmellofvomited-ondeadbodiesputsofmostpredators.Throwingupallowsthevulturetoflyawaymorequickly-andthevomitcanhurttheaggressor'seyesandface.

Opossum(負(fù)鼠)

Insomewaysopossumshaveiteasy.Inordertobecome"dead",theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.Eveniftheykeepgettingattacked,theywon'tmoveanymorethanahumanstatueuntilthethreathaspassed.

Hoatzin(磨雉)

Holdyournoseandmeetthehoatzin,abirdofdistinctions,nottheleastofwhichisthatitsmellslikefreshcowshit.Theanimalmostlyeatsleavesandit'stheonlybirdknowntodigestbyfermentation,likeacow.Thisprocessiswhatcausesitssmellandhasearneditthenicknamethe"stinkbird

Millipedes(千足蟲)

Millipedesaretricky.Forstarterstheylookwormy.Theirnameisdeceptive,too:Theirlegsnumberabout750.Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.

SeaHare(海兔)

Thegracefulseahareisplainintasteinthefirstplace,soit'snotthemostpopulardishintheseafoodchain.Nonethelessthistypeofseacreaturehasaprettycreativesmell-relateddefensethatisalmosttheoppositeofitssmellycompanionsonthislist.Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.

Researchersusinglobsters(2-f)asmodelpredatorsfoundthattheseablocksthelobstersreceptivemechanism.Inotherwords,theseaharegivesitsattackertheequivalentofastuffynosesotheydon'tknowhowappealingitis.（1）Theseaharedefendsitselffrompredatorsby________.A.

becomingplainintasteatthediscoveryofapredatorB.

givingoutpurpleinktomakeitselfinvisibletopredatorsC.

releasingsubstancetomakepredatorsunabletosmellitD.

givingoffsmellygastotrytodrivepredatorsaway（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.

Thevulturecarriesbacteriasothatpredatorsdarenotgetclosetoit.B.

Theopossumfakesitsdeathtoavoidbeingtargetedbypredators.C.

Thehoatzineatscowshitsothatitisnick-namedas"stinkbird".D.

Thegasreleasedbymillipedewasbasicallyharmless.（3）Thespeciesthatenjoysmorethanonedefensemechanismis________.A.

vulture

B.

opossum

C.

millipede

D.

seahare【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些野生動(dòng)物是如何進(jìn)行自身防御的。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

SeaHare(海兔)部分中的“Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.”可知，海兔身上散發(fā)出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，這種物質(zhì)使得捕食者對(duì)食物不那么感興趣，從而保護(hù)自己免受捕食者的傷害。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

Opossum(負(fù)鼠)部分中的“Inordertobecome‘dead’,theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.”可知，負(fù)鼠假裝死亡，讓捕食者在其他地方找到更新鮮的食物，以避免成為捕食者的目標(biāo)。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Millipedes(千足蟲)部分中的“Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.”可知，千足蟲主要防守是蜷成一團(tuán)。然而，它們也會(huì)釋放出有害的

眼睛，并在攻擊者身上留下可怕的氣味。從而可以推斷出，千足蟲是擁有多種防御機(jī)制的物種。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine(定義)theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob(角豆樹)seed.

Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified(統(tǒng)一的)measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.

AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem(十進(jìn)制)ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.

AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants(物理常數(shù)).Eachofthechosenconstantshasbeenmeasuredincrediblyprecisely,whichwouldmeanthatfromMay20th2019theconstantswillthemselvesbefixedattheircurrentvaluesforever.Anylaboratoryintheworldwillthenbeabletomeasure,forexample,themassofanobjectaspreciselyastheaccuracyoftheirequipmentwillallow.（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Poundwentbeforelibrainmeasurement.B.Differentthingsusedtobeadoptedasmeasures.C.GrainswereacceptedasmeasuresbytheRomans.D.Fixedmeasurementsystemsweregraduallyformed.（2）Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?A.Intimeorder.B.Byanalysis.C.Inspaceorder.D.Bycomparison.（3）WhichofthefollowingcountriesusedSIasanofficialmeasurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）Whatwilltheworld'smeasurementbodiesachieveatthemeetingheldinVersailles?A.TheywillcomeupwithsevennewSIunits.B.TheywillsetMay20thasanewinternationalfestival.C.TheywillredefinefourSIunitsincludingthekilogram.D.Theywilldecideonanewmeasureusedinthelaboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，法國(guó)凡爾賽宮舉辦的國(guó)際計(jì)量大會(huì)，將對(duì)目前使用的國(guó)際單位制中的四個(gè)基本單位進(jìn)行重新定義，其中包括對(duì)千克的重新定義。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things”以及下文提到的用作計(jì)量單位的手、腳、谷物重量和參考角豆種子重量的磅可知，本段主要講述了不同的東西被用作計(jì)量單位。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theking'sfoot...aroundacentimetreshorterthantheBelgicfoot”和“Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,以及Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth”可推知，本段作者主要運(yùn)用了對(duì)比的寫作方法，把同一計(jì)量單位在不同國(guó)家之間或者在同一國(guó)家不同區(qū)域間的差異進(jìn)行了說明。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw和TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates”可知，在所給出的四個(gè)國(guó)家中，只有法國(guó)采用國(guó)際單位制(SI)。國(guó)際單位制是現(xiàn)時(shí)世界上最普遍采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)度量衡單位系統(tǒng)，采用十進(jìn)制進(jìn)位系統(tǒng)。故選A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits...willfollowtheotherthree...inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants”可知，在法國(guó)凡爾賽宮召開的會(huì)議上，七個(gè)基本計(jì)量單位中的四個(gè)將被重新定義，其中包括對(duì)千克的重新定義。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解

Slowlybutsurely

we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-homesecuritytoself-drivingcars,alltheinternet-connecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeedswithreduceddelay,Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheU.S.topoutatanaverageof19.42Mbps.Butbycomparison5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.

“5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthiscomingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Theself-drivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavemassiveamountsofdatacomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensorsarecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It'spullingindatafromothervehiclesaboutroadconditionsdownthelane.Itcouldbeweatherinformation,butalsoconnectedinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)construction.There'slotsofdatabehindthattask,whichiswhyweneedhighspeed.

Augmentedrealityglassesandvirtualheadsethaven'tyetbrokenthemainstream,buttechcompaniesarejoyfullybettingthatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones.With5G,thatcouldactuallyhappen.ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.

EricssonstatedatFebruary'sMobileWorldCongresshowsmartglassescouldbecomefasterandlighterwitha5Gconnection,becauseinsteadofbeingweigheddownwithcomponents,theglassescouldrelyonhardwareforprocessingpower.

Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.（1）WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph1?A.

Thelighting-fastspeedof5G.B.

Theexpectationof5Gworld.C.

Thedifferencebetween4Gand5G.D.

Theinternet-connecteddevicesinourlife.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emblem"inParagraph2mean?A.

Exhibition.

B.

Success.

C.

Symbol.

D.

Explanation.（3）Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.

5Gworldwon'tcomewithoutARglassesB.

5GhelpstocreatetheartificialintelligencevehicleC.

ApplecompanyisdevelopingARglassesworldwideD.

Techcompanieswillfacethefactthatsmartphonesmaybereplaced（4）Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A.

Howtofullyexpand5Gcoverage.B.

Smartglasseswillbecomefasterandlighter.C.

Why5Gisn'tconcentratedinbigcities.D.

Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了我們離5G世界越來越近了。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Slowlybutsurely,we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.”緩慢但肯定的是，我們離5G世界越來越近了。可知，作者在第一段想強(qiáng)調(diào)“5G光速快?！惫蔬xA。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“andthatistosay,itisasignoftim”也就是說，這是時(shí)間的標(biāo)志，”可知，劃線詞的意思是“標(biāo)志，象征”。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.”這一點(diǎn)值得注意，因?yàn)閾?jù)報(bào)道，蘋果(Apple)等公司正在開發(fā)增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡，以幫助——甚至取代——智能手機(jī)?！笨芍?，我們可以從文中推斷，科技公司將面臨智能手機(jī)可能被取代的事實(shí)。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.”但是不要太激動(dòng)。與此同時(shí)，仍有很多工作要做，包括各種試驗(yàn)，以確保收音機(jī)能很好地配合硬件和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，這樣5G就不會(huì)只集中在大城市?！笨芍?，作者接下來可能會(huì)告訴我們“如何全面擴(kuò)大5G覆蓋。”故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及段落大意，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Newsanchors(主播)musthavebeenreluctanttoreadoutthefollowingnews:XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial(人工的)intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday,threemonthsafteramalerobotjoinedtheprofession.

Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading.That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?

Tofindtheanswer,wehavetoanalysethetechnologiesthatsupportXinatherjob.ThreekeytechnologiesareusedtosupportXin.First,samplesofhumanvoicesarecollectedandsynthesized(合成).Thisisfollowedbythecollectionandsynthesisofhumanmusclemovementsamples.AndthirdthevoicesandmovementsaremarriedinawaythatwhentheAlnewsanchorreads,themicro-electricmotorsbehindherfacemovetomakeherexpressionsseemmorehuman.

Yetweneedathoroughknowledgeofdeepleaningtechnologytomakearobotimitateaperson'svoice.Thedeveloperneedstocollecttensofthousandsofpiecesofpronunciations,inputthemintothemachineandmatchthemwiththetextortheAltoleanandread.Theprocessforimitatingfacialmovementsissimilar.Thedeveloperhastoanalysethemovementsofthe53musclesinthehumanface,makeamodelsetfromthecollecteddatafortheAInewsanchortolean,andimitatethemovementsoffacialmusclesviaprograms

BoththetechnologiesusedtomakeXin'sperformanceimpressivearemature.Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman.Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reluctant"inthefirstparagraphmean?A.

Delighted.

B.

Unwilling.

C.

Confused.

D.

Optimistic.（2）Whatcanweinferaboutpreviousnewsrobots?A.

Theyreadnewswithoutexpressions.B.

TheylookedlikeahumanbeingC.

TheycouldinterviewsportsstarsD.

Theycouldinteractwithaudience.（3）Whatdoweknowaboutthethirdtechnology?A.

ThistechnologyisveryperfectsofarB.

ThistechnologyisquitepopularnowC.

ThistechnologyremainsatthetheoreticalstageD.

Thistechnologyisfarfrommature.（4）Fromthelastparagraph,wecandrawaconclusionthat____.A.

humannewsanchorsshouldlearnfromATanchorstosavetheirjobsB.

AlanchorsperformmuchbetterthanhumannewsanchorsatpresentC.

Alnewsanchorswon'treplacehumannewsanchorsinthenearfutureD.

XinXiaomengsexpressionsvarysonaturallythattheyaretruetolife【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，上周日，新華社新聞主播辛?xí)悦瘸蔀槭澜缟系谝晃慌匀斯ぶ悄苄侣勚鞑?，作者介紹了人工智能背后的技術(shù)，并指出在不久的將來，人工智能新聞主播不會(huì)取代人類新聞主播。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的"XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial(人工的)intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday"及第二段中的"That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?"可知，擔(dān)心將來自己的工作會(huì)被人工智能取代的新聞主播一定不愿意透露下面這個(gè)消息：上周日，新華社新聞主播辛?xí)悦瘸蔀槭澜缟系谝晃慌匀斯ぶ悄苄侣勚鞑ィ纱丝芍嬀€詞詞義為"不愿意的"，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading."可知，與以前的機(jī)器人主播不同的是，辛?xí)悦茸x起來不像一臺(tái)冷冰冰的機(jī)器，就像是一個(gè)活生生的人，她讀新聞的時(shí)候臉上的肌肉能夠伸展和放松，面部反應(yīng)也發(fā)生了變化，由此可知，以前的機(jī)器人主播讀新聞時(shí)面無表情，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman."可知，真正的難點(diǎn)在于第三技術(shù)，使辛?xí)悦鹊拿娌勘砬楦鶕?jù)新聞報(bào)道的內(nèi)容而變化，事實(shí)上，辛?xí)悦鹊谋砬椴豢偸请S著內(nèi)容而變化，她的表情一點(diǎn)也不像人類，由此可知，第三技術(shù)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠成熟，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities."可知，人工智能仍無法與人類素質(zhì)相匹敵，由此可知，在不久的將來，人工智能新聞主播不會(huì)取代人類新聞主播，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解

Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.

ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天線)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.

Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干擾)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.

Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.

Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.（1）Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?A.

Thefunctionofthetechnique.

B.

Thewaythedeviceworks.C.

Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.

D.

Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.（2）What'stheadvantageofthedevice?A.

Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.B.

Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.C.

Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.D.

Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.（3）WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?A.

Tosavemoneyandlabour.

B.

TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.C.

Toprotectpassengers'privacy.

D.

Toresearchdangerousobjects.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?A.

Confirming.

B.

Improving.

C.

Discovering.

D.

Examining.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本是一篇說明文，介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，WiFi可用于可用于安檢。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”這個(gè)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)分析信號(hào)在物體和材料上穿透和反射時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。可知選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知，不用打開和檢查人們的個(gè)人物品，避免了侵犯隱私，可知選D。（3）考查推理判斷，根據(jù)第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

在大型公共場(chǎng)所，很難像機(jī)場(chǎng)那樣設(shè)置昂貴的安檢設(shè)施。檢查行李總是需要人力，我們希望開發(fā)一種互補(bǔ)的方法來減少人力，可推知選A。（4）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作將繼續(xù)側(cè)重于提高識(shí)別物體和成像形狀及體積的準(zhǔn)確性，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Beingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Comparativelyspeaking,groundlivinganimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,whileflyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeed,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.

Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,andtheirwingsaremadeupofboththeirfrontandhindlimbs(肢體).Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However,theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.

Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlylivesonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.（1）Whichofthefollowingisthetopicofthepassage?A.

Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.B.

Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.C.

Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.D.

Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.（2）Whichofthefollowingisafalseassumptionaboutbatsthatwasrecentlycorrected?A.

Theycannothearanysound.

B.

Theysleepupsidedown.C.

Theyflysimilarlytobirds.

D.

Theyhideintreebranches.（3）Theword"it"(in2ndparagraph)probablyrefersto"______".A.

thedistancetothenets

B.

thesenseofflyingheightC.

theflyingdirection

D.

theabilitytochangethespeed（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.

Batsmighthurtthemselveswhenlanding.

B.

Batscanhangupsidedownlikebirds.C.

Batscanadjustspeedbeforelanding.

D.

Batsandbirdslandindifferentways.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者用研究事實(shí)來證明蝙蝠在飛行及運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與鳥類完全不同。以前人們認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥類在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒有什么區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在的研究證明蝙蝠的構(gòu)造不同于鳥類，它們的翅膀由前肢和后肢組成，它們自我調(diào)節(jié)能力好，可迅速改變飛行方向，或完全逆行，這是鳥類不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飛行的另一個(gè)有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的！這不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently."提出了蝙蝠與鳥的降落方式及飛行的不同。第二段用研究證明過去認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥類在飛行運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒有什么區(qū)別是錯(cuò)誤的。尤其是"theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo"可知蝙蝠與鳥的運(yùn)動(dòng)不同；第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,…"再一次說明了蝙蝠與鳥運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的不同。綜上所述，可知，蝙蝠與鳥運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的不同是本文的主題。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings…Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances."可推斷出，過去人們認(rèn)為蝙蝠與鳥在飛行運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與鳥沒有區(qū)別，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是不正確的，故也是要糾正的，故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。劃線部分的上下文說"蝙蝠在自我調(diào)節(jié)的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改變飛行方向，或者完全與它（正飛行方向）相反的方向飛行，這是鳥不容易做到的。"由此可知，此處的"it"指的是飛行的方向。故選C。（4）考查推斷判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain."可知，蝙蝠飛行的另一個(gè)有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥，觀察到蝙蝠可以四處飛行，然后突然倒掛在頭頂?shù)奈矬w上。這種降落方式的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是蝙蝠經(jīng)常用力降落，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致疼痛。因此蝙蝠與鳥不同，蝙蝠可以倒掛著。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.

Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(應(yīng)答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity(強(qiáng)度),imagery,andintrusiveness(侵?jǐn)_性)oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.

Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.

Previousscholarship(學(xué)術(shù)研究)hasde