Unit4GrammarandusageVerd-edforms過去分詞Observethetablebelowpastparticipleasattributives過去分詞做定語acloseddoorabrokenwindowapollutedriver歸納1：單個過去分詞作定語放于其修飾的名詞之____。前Findouttherules=Theplayer__________lovedbymanypeopleisYaoMing.TheplayerlovedbymanypeopleisYaoMing.that/who

isFindouttherulesAladydressedinwhiteisZhaoLiying.=Thelady____________dressedinwhiteisZhaoLiying.who/thatis歸納2：過去分詞短語作定語時，一般置于其修飾的名詞之____，其作用相當(dāng)于一個_________。后定語從句a.thecolorTVset

producedlastyear

=thecolorTVset

thatwasproducedlastyear

b.aletter

writtentomebymydaughter

=aletter

thatwaswrittentomebymydaughter一封我女兒寫給我的信去年生產(chǎn)的彩色電視機(jī)

V-ed短語作定語通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。Findouttherules

1.Thesuggestionmadebyexpertswasadoptedbythemanager.

2.Themeeting,attendedbytwentystudents,wasagreatsuccess.

3.Excitedpeoplearewaitingfortheirhero.歸納三：1.過去分詞作定語，表示_______和_______的意思。表示動作已經(jīng)完成。2.過去分詞作定語也可以用作非限制性定語，前后用_______隔開。被動完成逗號3.有些過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，表示“感到……的”，通常用來修飾人。常用的此類詞有：excited,amazed,astonished,shocked等。V-ed有時還可用作非限制性定語，相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句，前后用逗號分開。a.Thehouses,builtlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.=Thehouses,whichwerebuiltlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.去年建的這些房子，昨天被地震摧毀了。b.Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他們當(dāng)中有一些人，生長在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。=Someofthem,whowerebornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.

1.單個的過去分詞作定語,放在被修飾詞的______。2.過去分詞短語則放在被修飾詞的______，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。3.過去分詞作定語，表示_______和_______的意思。表示動作已經(jīng)完成。4.過去分詞作定語也可以用作非限制性定語，前后用_______隔開。前面被動完成逗號后面Conclusion15.有些過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，表示“感到……的”，通常用來修飾人。常用的此類詞有：excited,amazed,astonished,shocked等。過去分詞（done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)（beingdone)與動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)（tobedone)作定語的區(qū)別：done：被動、完成beingdone:

被動、進(jìn)行“正被”tobedone：被動、尚未發(fā)生“將被”Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.Practice11.Thehouse

(build)in1920hashistoricalsignificance.2.Theemails

(send)yesterdayrequirearesponse.3.Wehavereadmanynovels

(write)bythisauthor.4.Thecomputer

(produce)lastyearishelpful.5.Theproblem

(discuss)yesterdayhassomethingtodowithus.6.

Theproblem

(discuss)nowhassomethingtodowithus.7.Theproblem

(discuss)tomorrowhassomethingtodowithus.builtsentwrittenproduceddiscussedbeingdiscussedtobe

discussedPractice18.Thebook____________________(農(nóng)民寫的書)isverypopulary.9.Thebuilding________________（去年建的樓)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.10.Thechildren______________________________（昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的孩子）wasverydifficulttotreat.writtenbyafarmerbuiltlastyearexaminedatthehospitalyesterdaypastparticipleasadverbs過去分詞做狀語

過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句?？稍谶^去分詞前加上連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時間意義更明確。1.過去分詞作時間狀語Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful．=Whenitislookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful．當(dāng)從遠(yuǎn)處看時，這幅畫似乎更美了

②(ask)whathadhappened,hekeptsilent.當(dāng)被問到發(fā)生了什么時，他保持沉默。

①

(see)fromthetopofthebuilding,our

schoollooksbeautiful.從樓頂上看，學(xué)?？雌饋砗苊?。(Whenitis)(Whenhewas)1.作時間狀語seenasked過去分詞作原因狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since,because或as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。2.過去分詞作原因狀語Worriedaboutthespeechcompetition,Iwasunsettledthesedays．=BecauseIwasworriedaboutthespeechcompetition,Iwasunsettledthesedays．由于擔(dān)心演講比賽，我這幾天感到不安。

②

(bite)bythecobra,themanwasindanger.

因?yàn)楸谎坨R蛇咬了，這人處在危險中。

①

(destroy)bythehurricane,theoldhouseisnowheretobefound.由于颶風(fēng)的破壞，那座老房子哪也找不到了。(As/Becauseithasbeen)

(Becausehewas)2.作原因狀語destroyedbitten過去分詞作條件狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if,once或unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。3.過去分詞作條件狀語Givenafewminutes,I’llfinishthetask．=IfIamgivenafewminutes,I’llfinishthetask．再給我?guī)追昼姷臅r間，我就會完成這個任務(wù)。

(punish)bytheparents,hewon'tcomeagain.(Ifheis)他若是被家長懲罰了，就再也不能來了。3.作條件狀語punished過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個以though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。4.過去分詞作讓步狀語Invitedbyhim,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty．=ThoughIwasinvitedbyhim,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty．即使被他邀請，我也不會參加聚會。(Althoughhewas)雖然他今天很疲倦，他仍然繼續(xù)工作。4.作讓步狀語

（tire）today,hewentonworking.tired過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句，但可用并列分句代替。5.過去分詞作方式/伴隨狀語Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse．=Thepatientgotoffthebed,andhewassupportedbythenurse.那個病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。②

(absorb)inthework,heneglectedfoodandsleep.他專心于工作，廢寢忘食。①Shewalkedoutofthehouse,(follow)byherlittledaughter.她走出房間，后面跟著她的小女兒。(andshewas)

(Hewas)5.作伴隨或方式狀語followedabsorbedandConclusion2過去分詞（短語）作狀語，表時間、條件、原因、讓步、方式或伴隨等情況,相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。1.作時間狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when,while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句2.作條件狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if,once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。3.作原因狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as,since或because等引導(dǎo)狀語從句4.作讓步狀語

，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although,though/evenif等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。5.作方式或伴隨狀語

，則可轉(zhuǎn)換為and并列結(jié)構(gòu)。即時訓(xùn)練3Practice21.Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.用過去分詞作狀語的形式改寫句子___________________________,theparklooksmorebeautiful.2.Asthechildrenwereexhaustedandtired,theyfellasleepatonce,____________

,thechildrenfellasleepatonce,3.Ifshehadbeengivenmoretime,shewouldcertainly

havedonemuchbetter.___________________,shewouldcertainly

havedonemuchbetter.4.Hestoodtheresilentlyandwasmovedtotears.Hestoodtheresilently,________________.SeenfromthetopofthehillexhaustedandtiredGivenmoretimemovedtotearspastparticipleasobjectcomplements過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語?V-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動或完成的意義。?V-ed與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（make等）+直接賓語（名詞或代詞）+賓語補(bǔ)足語Everyonecallshim(賓語)(賓補(bǔ))(主語)(謂語)Tom.賓語補(bǔ)足語一般放在賓語_________,對賓語起____________的作用。之后補(bǔ)充說明Whatisobjectcomplement?Isawher_______(bite)byadog.bitten過去分詞用在感官動詞_______________________________等之后表示__________________________。see,watch,feel,find,hear,notice感受到某人或某物被……Fillintheblanks歸納一感官動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)①Whenwegottoschool,wesaw

thedoor

_____(lock).②Hefound

hishouse

______(break)

into

whenhegotbackhome.PracticelockedbrokenIraisedmyvoicetomakemyself_______.(hear)heardhave,make,get,keep,leave“使/讓…”Fillintheblanks歸納二過去分詞用在_________________________等使役動詞之后，表示_____________.使役動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)①You'dbetterkeep

theguests

_______(inform)ofwhathappenedoutside.

②We'rehavingourcar

________(repair).

③I'm

trying

toget

thisarticle

_______(write)forThursday.

④Shehadto

shout

tomakeherself

_______(hear)abovethe

sound

ofthe

music.PracticeinformedrepairedwrittenheardWithmanyflowers__________(plant)aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.planted在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中也可用V-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。Fillintheblanks歸納三with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)Practice①Themurdererwasbroughtin,with

hishands____(tie)behindhisback.②Withwater_______(heat),wecanseethesteam.

③Withthematter_______(settle),weallwenthome.

tiedheatedsettled(表方式)

(表?xiàng)l件)

(表原因)Conclusion31.Isawhimbittenbyadog.2.Jackhashishaircutyesterday.4.Thethiefwasbroughtinwith

hishandstiedbehindhisback.這些詞后常接V-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語感官動詞使役動詞with+賓語＋賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)即時訓(xùn)練2Practice3Translatesentencesbyusingthepastparticipleastheobjectcomplement.1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包被偷了。2.我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次3.我們看見那小偷被警察抓住了4.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)水被污染了。5.我們已使我們的觀點(diǎn)被他們知道Ifoundmywalletstolen.Iheardthesongsungafewtimes.Wesawthethief/stealercaughtbythepoliceman.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.Wehavemadeourideasknownbythem.Applyingtherules

用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Watchingthe__________(finishing/finished)painting,Alicecouldn'thelpsmiling.2.Mostoftheartists__________(inviting/invited)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.3.DoyoustillremembertheOlympicGames________(held/h