選擇性必修第二冊Unit1Unit1ScienceandScientists（人教版2019）人與社會：科學(xué)與技術(shù)單元引言解讀Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.—AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld釋義：Sciencebeginswithaproblem.Toaskaquestionismoreimportantthantosolveaproblem.Itisthesoulofscientificresearch.啟示：它讓我們知道，科學(xué)起始于問題。這啟示我們要善于觀察，從日常中察覺有待探究的點。比如看到植物的生長變化，思考其背后的原理。提出問題比解決問題更關(guān)鍵，意味著好的問題能開啟新領(lǐng)域。像對宇宙起源的疑問，促使了相關(guān)研究的開展。強調(diào)提問是科研的靈魂，提醒我們要有質(zhì)疑精神。在學(xué)習(xí)和工作中，積極發(fā)問，而非被動接受。教育中也應(yīng)鼓勵學(xué)生提問，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新思維。名言名句積累人與社會：科學(xué)與技術(shù)“Ifyoudonotasktherightquestions,youdonotgettherightanswers.Aquestionaskedintherightwayoftenpointstoitsownanswer.”—EdwardHodnett如果你沒有提出正確的問題，你就得不到正確的答案。以正確的方式提出的問題往往指向其自身的答案?！癚uestioningisthepietyofthought.”—JamesStephens提問是思想的虔誠。3.“Inthefieldofobservation,chanceonlyfavorsthepreparedmind.”—LouisPasteur在觀察的領(lǐng)域中，機遇只偏愛那些有準(zhǔn)備的頭腦。4．Thepursuitofscienceneedsspecialcourage.—Galileo追求科學(xué)需要特別的勇氣。——伽利略5．Surpriseistheseedofscience.—ThomasEdison驚奇是科學(xué)的種子?！旭R斯·愛迪生6．Scienceisawonderfulthingifonedoesnothavetoearnone'slivingatit.—AlbertEinstein科學(xué)是個美妙的東西，如果無須靠它維持生活的話。——阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦7．ThefirsttimeIheardofStephenHawking,Iwasmovedbyhisdevotiontotheresearch.我第一次聽說斯蒂芬·霍金時，就被他對研究的奉獻精神所感動。8．HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforhisscientificachievements.他因在科學(xué)方面的成就而被授予諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。9．Despiteseveredisability,heisfacedwithlifebravely,makinggreatachievementsinphysicsandastronomy,whichcontributegreatlytothedevelopmentofsociety.盡管嚴重殘疾，但他勇敢地面對生活，在物理和天文學(xué)方面取得了巨大的成就，這極大地促進了社會的發(fā)展。10.“Theimportantthingisnottostopquestioning.Curiosityhasitsownreasonforexisting.”—AlbertEinstein重要的是不要停止提問。好奇心自有其存在的理由。時文拓展閱讀TopUSSchoolGivesTeachersMoreIndependenceclassroom.TeachersneofthetoppublicschoolsinFloridaareaskedhowtheysucceed,oneanswerisuniversal:Theyhaveautonomyintheclassroom.Teacherswithautonomyareabletomakedecisionsandplansindependentlyintheirclassrooms.ThemajorityofAmericanteachersreportfeelingstressedandunhappyatwork,aPewResearchCenterstudyfoundlastyear.AnotherstudybyBrownUniversityandtheUniversityofAlbanyfoundthatreducedjobsatisfactionhasbeenconnectedtoadropinteachers'senseofautonomyintheclassroom.A.D.atA.D.HendersonSchoolinBocaRaton,Florida,schoolleaderspermittheirstaffhighlevelsofclassroomautonomy—anditworks.Hendersonisapublicschoolof636kindergartnerstoeighthgradersonthecampusofFloridaAtlanticUniversity.Hendersonstudentsscoredinthetop1percentto3percentinnearlyeverysubjectinthestate'slateststandardizedtests.Inalmosteverysubject,60percentormoreofHendersonstudentsscoredfarabovetheFloridastateaverage."Thereisalotofourownindividualinputallowedindoingtheactivitiesthatwewanttodointheclassroom,"saidVanessaStevenson.SheisamiddleschoolscienceteacheratHenderson.Sheplanstostartahorsemedicineclassnextfalleventhoughtheschoolhasnohorses.Shebelievesshewillfindawaytomaketheclassasuccess."It'sabitoftrialanderrorbecausethere'snothingbeinghandedtoyousaying,‘Doitthisway.'Youjusthavetofigureitout,"shesaid.JoelHerbstisthesuperintendentofHendersonanditspartnerFAUHighSchool.Hecalledtheteachershis"secretsauce."Hesaidtheschool'ssuccesscanbedoneanywhereifadministratorsgiveteachersmorefreedom.Whenthathappens,hesaid,teacherscreatehandsonprogramsthathelpstudentslearnmore."Give(teachers)thefreedomtodowhattheydobest,whichistoimpartknowledge,toteachbeyondthetextbook,"Herbstsaid.MadhuNarayananisaneducationprofessoratPortlandStateUniversity.Hestudiesteacherindependence.Hesaidindependenceishighlyrelatedtoteachermoraleandsuccess.Butindependencemustbebinedwithadministrativesupport."Itcan'tbe,‘Hereistheclassroom,hereisthetextbook,we'llseeyouinsixmonths.'Thoseteachershavetremendousautonomy,butfeellost,"hesaid.About2,700familiesenteralotteryeachyearforthe60spotsinHenderson'skindergartenclassandopeningsinothergrades.SomechildrenenteringHendersonaregifted.Somehavelearningdisabilities.Mostareaveragelearners,however.TheschoolmustfollowaFloridalawthatrequiringthestudentpopulationatuniversityrun"laboratory"schoolstomatchstatepopulationdemographicsforrace,genderandine.Becausefamiliesapplytoattend,parentalinvolvementishigh.JennyO'Sullivanteachesaclassonartandtechnology.Herkindergartnerslearnputercodingbasicsbyplayingagamewitharobot.AndfourthandfifthgradersmakevideoscelebratingEarthDay.Hernewclassroomhasthenewesttechnology.Butshesayssuchclassescanbetaughtanywhereiftheteacherisgiventheabilitytobecreative.AmyMiramontesteachessixthgradersaMedicalDetectivesclass.Theyexaminepiecesofrabbitmuscleunderamicroscope,usingsafechemicalstofindwhatdiseaseeachanimalhad.Miramonteshopestheclassgrowsstudents'interestinmedicine.Shealsohopesherclassgivesstudentstheknowledgeneededintwoyearswhentheytakethestate'seighthgradesciencetest.UsingarttoteachscienceHenderson'ssuccesshasledtomoremoneyandgrants.Themiddleschool'sdroneprogram,forexample,recentlywonanationalpetitioninCalifornia.Henderson'sdroneteamshavearoomtopracticeflyingthedevicesthroughanobstaclecourse,plusflightsimulatorsdonatedbythelocalpowerpany.Thedroneprogramisachancetopetewhileusingthephysicsandaeronauticslearnedintheclassroom,teacherJamesNancesaid.EighthgraderAnikSahaiisinStevenson'sscienceclass.Hecreatedanappthatusesthecameratodiagnosediabeticretinopathy.Theeyediseaseisaleadingcauseofblindnessworldwide.Sahai'sapptookfirstplaceinthestate'smiddleschoolsciencefairandisbeingconsideredformercialuse.The14yearoldcreditshissuccesstohisyearsatHenderson,beginninginthepreschoolprogram."Theteachershere,they'reamazing,"hesaid."They'vebeentrainedonhowtogetustothenextlevel."【譯文欣賞】美國頂尖學(xué)校賦予教師更多自主權(quán)當(dāng)佛羅里達州一所頂尖公立學(xué)校的教師被問及他們?nèi)绾稳〉贸晒r，一個答案是普遍的：他們在課堂上擁有自主權(quán)。擁有自主權(quán)的教師能夠在課堂上獨立做出決策和制定計劃。皮尤研究中心去年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)美國教師表示在工作中感到壓力大和不快樂。布朗大學(xué)和奧爾巴尼大學(xué)的另一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，工作滿意度的降低與教師在課堂上的自主感下降有關(guān)。A.D.羅里達州博卡拉頓的A.D.亨德森學(xué)校，學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)給予教職員工高度的課堂自主權(quán)——而且行之有效。亨德森是一所公立學(xué)校，位于佛羅里達大西洋大學(xué)校園內(nèi)，有636名從幼兒園到八年級的學(xué)生。在該州最新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試中，亨德森的學(xué)生幾乎在每個科目上的得分都在前1%至3%。在幾乎每個科目中，60%或更多的亨德森學(xué)生的得分遠遠高于佛羅里達州的平均水平?！霸谡n堂上，我們被允許有很多個人投入來做我們想做的活動，”凡妮莎·史蒂文森說。她是亨德森的一名中學(xué)科學(xué)教師。她計劃明年秋天開設(shè)一門馬醫(yī)學(xué)課程，盡管學(xué)校沒有馬。她相信自己會找到辦法讓這門課取得成功?！斑@有點像是試錯，因為沒有什么東西交到你手里說，‘就這么做?！阒荒茏约合朕k法，”她說。喬爾·赫布斯特是亨德森及其合作學(xué)校FAU高中的負責(zé)人。他稱這些教師是他的“秘密武器”。他說，如果管理人員給予教師更多自由，學(xué)校的成功可以在任何地方實現(xiàn)。他說，當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，教師們會創(chuàng)建實踐項目，幫助學(xué)生學(xué)到更多?！敖o（教師）自由，讓他們?nèi)プ鏊麄冏钌瞄L的事情，那就是傳授知識，超越教科書教學(xué)，”赫布斯特說。馬杜·納拉亞南是波特蘭州立大學(xué)的教育學(xué)教授。他研究教師的獨立性。他說，獨立性與教師的士氣和成功高度相關(guān)。但獨立性必須與行政支持相結(jié)合?！安荒苁牵@是教室，這是教科書，六個月后見?！切┙處熡袠O大的自主權(quán)，但會感到迷茫，”他說。每年約有2700個家庭參加抽簽，爭取亨德森幼兒園班級的60個名額以及其他年級的空位。一些進入亨德森的孩子有天賦。一些有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。然而，大多數(shù)是普通學(xué)習(xí)者。該校必須遵守佛羅里達州的一項法律，要求大學(xué)運營的“實驗”學(xué)校的學(xué)生群體在種族、性別和收入方面符合州人口統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。由于家庭申請入學(xué)，家長的參與度很高。珍妮·奧沙利文教授一門藝術(shù)與技術(shù)課程。她的幼兒園學(xué)生通過與機器人玩游戲?qū)W習(xí)計算機編碼基礎(chǔ)。四、五年級的學(xué)生制作慶祝地球日的視頻。她的新教室擁有最新的技術(shù)。但她說，如果教師有創(chuàng)新能力，這樣的課程可以在任何地方教授。艾米·米拉蒙特斯給六年級學(xué)生教授一門“醫(yī)學(xué)偵探”課程。他們在顯微鏡下檢查兔子肌肉切片，使用安全化學(xué)品來找出每只動物患有的疾病。米拉蒙特斯希望這門課能激發(fā)學(xué)生對醫(yī)學(xué)的興趣。她還希望她的課能讓學(xué)生在兩年后參加該州八年級科學(xué)考試時具備所需的知識。用藝術(shù)教授科學(xué)亨德森的成功帶來了更多的資金和資助。例如，該校的中學(xué)無人機項目最近在加利福尼亞州贏得了一場全國比賽。亨德森的無人機團隊有一個房間來練習(xí)操控?zé)o人機通過障礙課程，還有當(dāng)?shù)仉娏揪栀浀娘w行模擬器。教師詹姆斯·南斯說，無人機項目是一個在運用課堂上學(xué)到的物理和航空知識的同時進行競爭的機會。八年級學(xué)生阿尼克·薩海在史蒂文森的科學(xué)課上。他創(chuàng)建了一個應(yīng)用程序，使用相機診斷糖尿病性視網(wǎng)膜病變。這種眼病是全球?qū)е率鞯闹饕?。薩海的應(yīng)用程序在該州中學(xué)科學(xué)博覽會上獲得第一名，并正在考慮用于商業(yè)用途。這位14歲的少年將自己的成功歸功于在亨德森的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，從學(xué)前班就開始了?！斑@里的老師，他們太棒了，”他說?！八麄兘邮苓^培訓(xùn)，知道如何讓我們更上一層樓?！薄驹~匯積累】WordsinThisStoryautonomy—n.thestateofexistingoractingseparatelyfromothers自主；自治；獨立性allow—v.topermit允許trial—n.aformalmeetinginacourtinwhichevidenceaboutcrimes,disagreements,etc.,ispresentedtoajudgeandoftenajurysothatdecisionscanbemadeaccordingtothelaw審判；審訊；試驗；試用superintendent—n.apersonwhodirectsormanagesaplace,department,organization,etc.主管；負責(zé)人；警長；警司tremendous—adj.verylargeorgreat巨大的lottery—n.asystemusedtodecidewhowillgetorbegivensomethingbychoosingnamesornumbersbychance彩票；抽獎；碰運氣的事gifted—adj.havinggreatnaturalability有天賦的gender—n.aperson'sownsenseofbeingmale,female,somebinationofmaleandfemale,orneithermalenorfemale性別ine—n.moneythatisearnedfromwork,investments,business,etc.收入；收益grant—n.anamountofmoneythatisgiventosomeonebyagovernment,apany,etc.,tobeusedforaparticularpurpose撥款；補助金；授予；同意diagnose—v.torecognizebyexaminingsomeone診斷【知識拓展】美國頂尖學(xué)校通常會賦予教師更多的自主權(quán)，這種自主權(quán)涉及到教育教學(xué)、學(xué)術(shù)研究、專業(yè)發(fā)展等多個方面。教師在工作中享有自主權(quán)是教育中的基本問題，它常常與“如何調(diào)動教師的工作積極性”“如何激發(fā)教師專業(yè)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動力”“如何提高教師的創(chuàng)新能力”“如何提升教師對工作的滿意度和幸福感”等問題關(guān)聯(lián)在一起?！驹~匯延伸】secretsauce—n.aspecialqualityorfeatureconsideredthemostimportantfactorinthesuccessofsomethingorsomeone秘訣；關(guān)鍵因素impart—v.togivesomething,suchasaquality,toathing傳授；告知；賦予morale—n.thefeelingsofenthusiasmandloyaltythatapersonorgrouphasaboutataskorjob士氣；精神面貌綜合實戰(zhàn)演練（一）（2024·全國·高考真題）TheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernmentsponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,Xrayscansandprescriptions.“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,”saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwoweektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(區(qū)域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtoeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補給).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”1．HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A．Itrunsacrosscountries. B．Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C．Itfunctionsasahospital. D．Ittravelsalongariver.2．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A．Itisheavilypopulated. B．Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C．Itisamoderncity. D．Itneedsmedicalaid.3．HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A．Aboutayear. B．Abouttenmonths.C．Abouttwomonths. D．Abouttwoweeks.4．WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful C．Ambiguous. D．Cernmentgovernmentsponsoredtravel3.makeanappointment...inseriousneedof...5.practice6.capital7.refuel8.checkup9.functionassth.9.functionassth.=serveassth.10.populated11.ambiguousadj全文翻譯圣盧卡斯火車不收乘客，只收病人。圣盧卡斯號是前往俄羅斯中部和東部偏遠城鎮(zhèn)的五列政府資助的醫(yī)療列車之一。每次停留平均持續(xù)兩天，在此期間，火車上的醫(yī)生和護士為農(nóng)村人口提供基本的醫(yī)療保健、X射線掃描并開處方。德國攝影師EmileDuke說：“人們一大早就開始排隊預(yù)約。他于11月與圣盧卡斯的工作人員一起前往克拉斯諾亞爾斯克和哈卡斯的廣大地區(qū)進行了為期兩周的旅行。俄羅斯的公共衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)急需現(xiàn)代化。政府一直在努力制定解決這一問題的措施，特別是在伏爾加河以東較貧窮的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，包括通過視頻聊天安排醫(yī)生預(yù)約，并擴大財政援助計劃，以激勵醫(yī)生在克拉斯諾亞爾斯克等偏遠地區(qū)行醫(yī)。每年一次的圣盧卡斯人的到來是改善局勢的又一次嘗試。每年有10個月，列車在兩周內(nèi)?？考s8個車站，然后返回該地區(qū)首府加油和補充庫存。然后在下個月重新開始。大多車站在兩次訪問之間等待大約一年。醫(yī)生每天為多達150名病人看病。列車的設(shè)備允許進行基本檢查。Duke說：“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)心，這給我留下了深刻的印象，這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最佳機會。”（二）U.S.4上·山東泰安·高二統(tǒng)考期末）TheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasapprovedanewclassofhearingaiddevices,whichdonotrequireamedicalexam.ThatmeansAmericanswillbeabletobuyhearingaidslaterthisyearwithoutseeingadoctororreceivingamedicalexamination.Thedevicesaredesignedforadultswithmildtomoderatehearingproblems.TheFDAestimatesthatthehearingaidscouldhelpnearly30millionadultsintheUnitedStates,butonlyaboutonefifthofpeoplewithhearingproblemsusethedevicescurrently.“Today’sactionbytheFDArepresentsasignificantmilestoneinmakinghearingaidsmorecosteffectiveandaccessible,”HealthandHumanServicesSecretaryXavierBecerra,toldreportersonTuesday.TheFDAfirstproposedtherulechangeforhearingaidslastyearandthenewruleswilltakeeffectinthemiddleofOctober.Themovefollowsyearsofpressurefrommedicalexpertsandotherstomakethedeviceslesscostlyandeasiertoget.However,costisstillabarrierrightnow.Americanscanpaymorethan$5,000forhearingaids,whichisforthedeviceitselfandfittingservices.Privateinsurancecoverageisalsolimitedforthedevices.Andgovernmentinsuranceforolderpeople,knownasMedicare,doesnotpayforthem.Medicareonlypaysforhearingtests.“Therequirementtoseeaspecialistwasnotonlyaburdenandanannoyanceformanyconsumersbutalsoitactuallycreatedapetitivebarriertoentry,”saidBrianDeese,aWhiteHouseeconomicadviser.DeeseaddedthatthegovernmentestimatesthatAmericanscouldsaveasmuchas$2,800forasetofhearingaidsiftheywanttobuythem.ButFDAofficialsnotedthatthesavingswilldependonwhenproducerslaunchproductsandhowmuchtheycost.“It’sveryhardtopredictexactlywhatwe’llseeandwhen,”saidDr.JeffreyShuren,theFDA’smedicaldevicechief.Shurenaddedofficialsexpectedtoseeincreasedpetitionfromnewproducersandnewproductsfromexistinghearingaidmakers.5．Whoprobablyusethenewhearingaiddevices?A．Thepeoplewhocannotaffordmedicalfee.B．The20percentofpeoplewhocanpayforthem.C．Thepeoplewhoneedn’tbeexaminedbydoctors.D．Theadultswhosehearingproblemsarenotserious.6．Whatmighttherulechangebring?A．Hearingtestsforfree. B．Morepressurefrommedicalexperts.C．Lowercostofthehearingdevices. D．Moreprivateinsurancecoverage.7．WhatmayDeeseagreewith?A．Seeingaspecialistwasunaccessible.B．Seeingaspecialistwasatroublesomeexperience.C．Thegovernmentwillsavemuchmedicalexpense.D．Americanswillpaymoremoneyformedicalcare.8．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Whenthecostwillbereducedisuncertain. B．Existinghearingaidmakerscanbenefitmost.C．Officialswilldecidethepriceofthehearingaids. D．Newproducerswillsucceedinthepetition.（三）（2023上·全國·高三校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試）WhenPhilipSantininoticedaninfection,hecontactedhisprimarycarephysician,JaneChargot,M.D．,andshegavehimsomemedicine.However,testresultsshowedthathewasn’trecovering.Overthephone,Santiniwastoldhewouldneedtogotothehospitaltogetinfusions(輸液)threetimesadayforaweek.Hewaspackedandreadytoheadouttothehospitalwhenhereceivedanotherphonecall.Analternativeplanwassuggestedinstead—HospitalCareatHome.CareatHome,aMichiganMedicineprogramwhichimprovesthepatientexperiencewhilefreeinguphospitalbeds,hasalreadyadmittedandtransferredmorethan50patientsfromtheemergencydepartmentandinpatienthospitaltoreceivehospitallevelcarefromthefortoftheirownhomes.Santiniwasthefirstdirectregistrationpatientforthisprogram,meaningheneverpresentedtothehospitalinitially.Itwasnosurprisethattherewasacelebrationforthismilestone.“Iwasreadytoheadouttotheemergencydepartment,”saidSantini,whoevenhadalistofthingstotakewhenhegotacallfromStephanieParan,R.N.,anurseatUMBriarwoodFamilyMedicine.“HearingParan’swords,Isprangtomyfeetanddidn’thesitatetoaccepttheadvice.”Althoughheinitiallydidn’tknowwhattoexpect,helatersaidwhatthecareteamdidwasfarbeyondhisexpectations,especiallythecaregivers.Thestaffgavehiminfusionsthreetimesadayforsixdays.Theytookhisregularmedicationsaway,justlikehowtheywouldinahospital.Theycheckedtheinfection,drewbloodandevenbroughtinanultrasoundmachine.“Ididn’tknowthatwaspossible,”Santinisaid.Afterdischarge,aMichiganVisitingNursevisitedonceaweekuntilhepletelyrecovered.Santinibelievedtreatmentathomehashelpedthehealingprocess.“I’veneverfeltreallyfortableinthehospital,”hesaid.“It’shardtogetgoodsleepthere.AthomeIhadmyownfood,myownbed,plusmywifeishere.Noonehastogooutoftheirwaytovisitme.It’sahealthierexperience.Iwouldencourageanyonetoconsiderit.”9．WhatistheadvantageofCareatHome?A．Itcanreducethepatients’expenses.B．Itcanlessenthepressureonhospitals.C．Itcanavoidthewasteofmedicalresources.D．Itcanimprovethedoctorpatientrelationship.10．HowdidSantinifeelwhenhearingofCareatHome?A．Hesitant. B．Upset. C．Excited. D．Curious.11．WhatcanweinferaboutCareatHomefromParagraph6?A．Itoffersprofessionalservice. B．Itismuchbetterthanhospital.C．Itcanmakeimpossiblepossible. D．Itonlyprovidesoneweektreatment.12．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ACureformonInfection B．ATendencyinFamilyHealthC．ThePopularityofMedicalCare D．HospitalLevelCareatHome（四）（2023上·高二課后作業(yè)）Thepurposeofthehomewastorehabilitatepatientsasfaraspossible,sothattheycouldfacetheharshrealitiesoflifeoutsidehospital.Mostofthemnotonlysufferedfromsomeformofnervousdiseasebuthadotherhandicapsaswell.Formostofthem,thehospitalhadbeentheirrefugeforsometimeandtheideaofbeingrehabilitatedwassomewhatfrightening.Theydoubtedtheirowncapabilities,andwerenervousabouttheeffortwhichwouldberequiredfromthem.Thehomecontainswithinitaresearchunitmainlyconcernedwithoveringthetechnicalproblemswhicharisefromthepatient’sphysicaldisabilities.Fullrehabilitationinvolvesaneedforapatienttobeasindependentaspossiblephysically.Init,alltypesofelectronicequipmentarepioneered,muchofitexceedinglydelicateandplex.OneofthethingsIfoundastonishingasIwatchedwastheeasewithwhichthepatientsbecameaccustomedtotheequipment.Thishasthedualeffectofbothmakingthemphysicallyindependentandgivingthemthepsychologicalsatisfactionofhavingmasteredadifficultproblem.WhileIwasthere,Iwasfortunateenoughtotalktoacoupleofpatientswhohadbeenfullyrehabilitated.Aformerteacherwhosufferedfromparalysisfromthewaistdown,wasnowteachinggeneralstudiesinaschool.Afterhisaccident,hehadhadapletenervousbreakdownandhadindeedtriedtomitsuicideseveraltimes.“ButwhenIgothere,IrealizedthattherewerestillsomethingsIcoulddo,andthattherewerepeopleworseoffthanme,”hesaid.“Yes,IexpectIshallgetdepressionsagain.Youcan’tpletelycurethatthing.Butthey’llpullmeoutofit,atleastIknowthatnow.”Iaskedhimifhefeltthateveryoneinthehomecouldberehabilitated.“Well,ofcourse,onecan’treallytell.ButIshouldsaythatabout70%ofthemwillhavebeenfullyrehabilitatedbythistimenextyear.”Andthatisawilddreamthat,frommyobservationofwhatisgoingon,mayberealized.13．Patientsinthe“home”mainlyhavedifficultyin__________.A．concentratingtheirmindonstudyandworkB．beingaccustomedtomedicaltreatmentanddiagnosisC．takingupahobbyandshowinganyinterestinlifeD．movingaroundfreelyandlivingtheirownlifeindependently14．Theunderlinedword“dual”inParagraph2istheclosestinmeaningto“__________”.A．binedwithtwoparts B．enhancingwellbeingC．unexpectedoraccidental D．onesizefitsall15．Apatientidentifiedas“fullyrehabilitated”shouldmeetthestandardthat__________.A．heisfreeofeithernervousbreakdownoremotionalbreakdownB．hehasbeencuredoftheillnessdespiteemotionaldisordersC．hecansupporthislivingwithapositivelifeattitudeD．hewearsdifferentmedicaldevicesandrequiresawheelchair16．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．EffectiveElectronicEquipmentinSightB．AResearchCenterfortheHandicappedC．AGovernmentSponsoredProgrammeforPatientsD．ANewHopetotheHandicapped（五）（2324高二下·云南曲靖·期末）Ifapancakecoulddream,itmightlongforlegssoitcouldjumpoffyourbreakfastplateinpursuitofabetter,unchewedlife.Butlegsaren’tnecessaryforsomethingasflatasapancaketojumparound.Agroupofscientistshavedesignedapancakeshapedrobotthatcanjumpseveraltimespersecondandhigherthanseventimesitsbodyheight.ThenewrobotnamedHop,whichswiftlyjumpswithoutfeet,isanimportantcontributiontothesoftrobotics.Manygroundrobotsmovebyrollingorwalking.Butit’smoreefficientforrobotstojumpoverobstaclesthantogoaroundthem.Althoughjumpingcanoffersomerobotsapetitiveedge,engineeringthatabilityhasbeenachallengeforroboticsresearchers.Somesoftrobotsthatstoreenergycanperformasingleimpressivejumpveryinfrequently.Somelightweightsoftrobotsthatdon’tstoreenergycanjumpfrequentlybutcan’tjumphighorfarenoughtosuccessfullycrossanobstacle.Forinspiration,theresearcherslookedtogallmidgelarvae(癭蚊幼蟲)thatmiraculouslythrowthemselvesacrossdistances30timesaslongastheirloglikebodies.Agallmidgelarvabendsitsbodyandsqueezestheliquidinitsbodytooneend,makingitrigid.Theaccumulationofliquidbuildsuppressure,andreleasingthepressuresendsitsoaring.Therobot’sbodydoesn’tresemblethatofagallmidgelarva,butitjumpslikeone.Itsbodyismadeoftwosmallplasticbagsprintedwithelectrodes(電極);thefrontbagisfilledwithliquidandthebackoneisfilledwiththesamevolumeofair.Therobotuseselectricitytodrivetheflowofliquid,whichcausesthebodytobendandgenerateforcewiththeground,resultinginajump.Andtheairbagimitatesthefunctionofananimal’stail,helpingtherobotmaintainastableposition.WhiletherobotiscurrentlyrestrictedtoEarth,itmightberightathomeexploringanotherplanet.Ifthisistrue,theresearchers’robotmightjumpoverdustyrocksandlargeholesonthemoonorMars,goingwherenopancakehasgonebefore.17．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningapancake?A．Apancake’sdreamtohavelegsisunrealistic.B．Arobotiscapableofservingagoodpancake.C．Apancakeshapedrobotcanjumpwithoutlegs.D．Researchonpancakesadvancesourunderstandingofrobots.18．WhatdifficultlydoroboticsresearchershaveindevelopingHopaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Hop’savoidinganobstacle.B．Hop’smovingaroundbyrolling.C．Hop’sperformingoneremarkablejump.D．Hop’sjumpinghighandfarcontinuously.19．Whatinspirationdotheresearchersdrawfromgallmidgelarvae?A．Theyareshapedlikelogs.B．Theyhavetailstochangepositions.C．Theybendtheirbodiesandincreaseforce.D．Theyarefilledwithliquidandhaverigidbodies.20．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofthenewrobot?A．Intolerant. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.（六）（2324高二下·江西·期末）Researchershavedevelopedagroundbreakingmethodofstoringandhandlingvaluablebiologicalmaterialsthatremovesthelimitationsofrefrigeratedstorage.Thenovelmethodhaspotentialapplicationsinhealthcareandscientificresearch.Biologicalmaterialsthatefromhumancells,likeenzymes,proteins,andantibodies,arecrucialtodevelopingnewmedicinesanddiagnostictests.Andthey’refragile.Extremelytemperaturesensitive,theyrequireaconstanttemperatureduringstorage,handling,andtransportation.Ifnotstoredorhandledcorrectly,thesematerialswillbeinactive,whichcanbecostly.Mostbiologicalmaterialsarestoredasliquidsorfreezedriedpowdersandkeptatlowtemperaturesforthedurationoftheirshelflife.Thisisachievedthroughaplexintegratedsystemofrefrigeratorsandfreezersknownasthecoldchain.Thisrequiresasignificantinvestmentinequipmentandinfrastructure,makingitexpensivetomaintain,andmakesthecoldchainpronetoshippingdelays,poweroutages,equipmentfailureandhumanerror.Inspiredfromthehomemedicinecabinet(儲藏柜),wheremedicationsarestoredintheformofliquids,powderfilledcapsules,andtablets,researchersatCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversityhavedevelopedanewstorageplatformbasedonthehumbletabletthatwouldenablebiologicalmaterialstobepressed(壓縮)intoasolidstate.Tabletsprovideadvantagestothestorageandhandlingofbiomaterialsthatthecoldchaindoesn’t.Foronething,theycanbestoredatroomtemperature.And,whenthey’rerequired,thetabletcanbedissolvedinwater.“Ourinnovationmakesstoringandusingbiomaterialsasstraightforwardasaneffervescenttablet(泡騰片).Justdropitintowater,mix,andit’sreadytogo,”saidtheresearcherofthestudy.Theresearcherssaytheirnewtabletbasedstorageandhandlingmethodiseasytouseanddoesn’trequirespecialtraining,makingitsuitableformanyapplications.Theyalsoseepotentialusesbeyondjustimprovingthestorageandhandlingofbiologicalmaterials.Bymodifying(修改)thetabletcoatings,thissolidstatestorageplatformcouldwithstandextremeconditionslikeheat,humidity,andchemicals.Thesechangesmighteventuallyallowinjectablemedications,suchasinsulin,tobetakenorally.21．Whatisaspecialrequirementtostorebiologicalmaterials?A．Constanttemperaturemaintenance.B．Exposuretovarioustemperatures.C．Periodicallyfreezingandmelting.D．Directcontactwithair.22．Whatistheresearchers’attitudetotheirstoragemethod?A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful.23．Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“withstand”inthelastparagraph?A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish.24．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Challengesofstoringbiologicalmaterials.B．Themakingprocessofeffervescenttablets.C．Healthcareapplicationsofbiological