全國7月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語閱讀(D試題

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I.CarefulReading.(40points,2pointsforeach)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.Decideonthebestanswersandthen

writethecorrespondinglettersonyourAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheNilemadeEgypt'scivilizationpossible.Theriverismorethan400mileslong.Inits

fertilevalleycropsaregrownforfoodandcottonforclothing.Mudfromtheriverbottommakes

goodbricksforhouses.Thuswaysofgettingfood,clothingandshelterwerecloseforthe

Egyptians.

TheNileisahighwayforthepeopleofEgypt.Flatbottomedboatsandlargenarrowbarges

canypruduclsfromunccitytoaiiollicr.TherearcalsopassengerboatsontheNile,carrying

peopleupanddowntheriver.Inancienttimeshugeblocksofstoneswerefloateddowntheriver

onbarges.Thesestonesarcusedinmakingbuildingsandmonuments.

ForthousandsofyearstheEgyptianshavedependedontheNilefortheircrops.Thelandon

bothsidesoftheNileisdesert,wherecropscannotberaised.ButcropsgrowwellintheNile

Valley.Infact,severaldifferentcropsarcoftengrownonthesamelandduringthesameyear.

OncetheNilefloodedeachyear,overfloweditsbanks,andcarriedrichsoilinlandevery

summer.Ihesefloodswerecausedbyearlysummerrains.

AtpresentthereisaseriesofdamsintheNile.Waterraiseshighintherivereachsummeras

usual.ThepeopledonotlettheNileflood,however.Theystorethewaterbehinddams.1(isnow

possibletousethewaterasneeded,notjustatfloodtime.

1.In山epast.

A.therewasrainalltheyearlong

B.theNilefloodedeveryyear

C.(heNilebecamedeeperanddeeperaftereachrainfall

D.theNilewasnotalongriver

2.Egyptianshavegrowncropswell.

A.onbothsidesoftheNileB.on(helandnearthedesertarea

C.intheNilevalleyD.farawayfromthedesertarea

3.InthevalleyoftheNile.

A.bricksforhousesarcmade

B.differentcropsareraisedonthesameland

C.onlycottoncangrowwell

D.peoplegrovvallcropsexceptcotton

4.“TheNileisahighwayforthepeopleofEgypf'means.

A.carsandtruckscanmoveasfastaspossiblealongit

B.theriverbottomcanserveasaroadindryseason

C.theriverisanimportantwatertransportationlineinEgypt

D.ontherivertherearealotofboatsandpeople

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

A.TheNileisthesourceofflood.

B.TheNileisahighwayforthepeopleinEgypt.

C.Theflatbottomedboatshavebeenused.

D.TheNilemadeEgypt'scivilizationpossible.

PassageTwo

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Sleepplaysamajorroleinpreparingthebodyforanalertandproductivetomorrow.But

sleepisnotaperiodofinactivity.Thesleepingbrainishighlyactiveatvarioustimesduringthe

night,performingnumerous“housekeepingtasks”.Thesekeepusaliveandaidourabilityto

thinkandremember.Sleepalsoenergizesthebodyandbrain.Mostpeoplespendone-thirdoftheir

livessleepingandthiswillaffecttheothertwo-thirdsintermsofalertness,energy,moods,body

weight,perception,memory,thinking,reactiontime,productivityandperformance.

Tolimitsleepmeansourhealthanddaytimepotentialaresignificantlyreduced.So,good

sleepstrategiesareessentialinordertofeelenergizeddayafterday.Thereisnostrategywhich

worksforeveryone,soeachpersonneedstoexperiment.Oneimportantthingisthatyoushouldn't

worrytoomuchifyougoafewnightswithoutalotofsleep.Itwon'truinyourlife.Onanygiven

night,oneintourpeoplecan'tsleepproperlyandeveryonesuffersfromalackofsleepatsome

time.

Howdoesoneminimizethisproblem?Itisreallyquitesimple.Thefirstthingyoumustdois

toreducestressasmuchaspossible.Stressispartofeverydaylifeand,whilewccanneverbe

entirelywithoutstress,itcanbemanaged.Thismeanstakingcontrolofyourlifeandfocusingon

whatisimportant.Onesleepingstrategyistositinacomtbrtableposition,closeyoureyesand

relaxallyourmuscles,breathingeasilythroughyournose.Continuethisfortentotwentyminutes.

Thisshouldhelpyoureducestressandsleepbetter.Or,youcantrygettingplentyofexercise,

becauseatiredbodyislikelytosleepbetter.

6.Accordingtothepassage,sleepisimportantbecause.

A.itisaperiodofcompleteinactivityforthebrain

B.ithelpsusunderstandwhatwehavealreadyachieved

C.itmakesusmoreeffectivewhenwcarcawake

D.ithelpsustoloseweight

7.Methodsofgettingenoughsleep.

A.varybetweenmenandwomenB.arethesameforevei-ybody

C.varyfrompersontopersonD.arebasedonyourjob

8.Accordingtothepassage,beingunabletosleep.

A.affectsyoungchildrenthemost

B.affectseverybodyatsometime

C.isworseforthosewhohaverelaxinglives

D.islikelytoruinpeople'slife

9.Asimplestrategytosleepbcllcristo.

A.workharderthanyoucouldB.putyourstressundercontrol

C.breathethroughyournoseD.sleeponachairinsteadofbed

10.Afteralotofphysicalexercise,.

A.youshouldfindstressincreasesdramatically

B.youwillbecomeoutofbreath

C.youshouldbeabletoenjoybettersleep

D.youwillnotneedtosleeptorsome(ime

PassageThree

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Everybodygetssick.Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlives,untilfinally

someattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend.Fortunately,mostofusinmodem

industrializedsocietiescantakerelativelygoodhealthforgrantedmostofthetime.Infact,we

tendtofullyrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealthonlywhenweorthoseclosetousbecome

seriouslyill.Atsuchlimeswekeenlyappreciate(heancientirulhthathealthisourmostprecious

asset,oneforwhichwcmightreadilygiveupsuchrewardsaspower,wealth,orfame.

Becauseillhealthisauniversalproblem,affectingtheindividualandsociety,thehuman

responsetosicknessisalwayssociallyorganized.Nosocietyleavestheresponsibilityfor

maintaininghealthandtreatingillhealthentirelytotheindividual.Eachsocietydevelopsitsown

conceptsofhealthandsicknessandauthorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthe

sickshouldbetreated.Aroundthisfocustherearises,overtime,anumberofstandards,values,

groups,statuses,androles:inotherwords,aninstitution.Tothesociologist,then,medicineisthe

institutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease.

Inthesimplestpre-industrialsocieties,medicineisusuallyanaspectofreligion.Thesocial

arrangementsfordealingwithsicknessarcveryelementary,ofteninvolvingonlytworoles:the

sickandthehealer(治療者).Thelatteristypicallyalsothepriest,whoreliesprimarilyon

religiousceremonies,bothtoidentifyandtotreatdisease:forexample,bonesmaybethrownto

establishacause;songsmaybeusedtobringaboutacure.Inmodernindustrializedsocieties,on

theotherhand,theinstitutionhasbecomehighlycomplicatedandspecialized,includingdozensof

rolessuchasthoseofbrainsurgeon,druggist,hospitaladministrator,linkedwithvarious

organizationssuchasnursinghomes,insurancecompanies,andmedicalschools.Medicine,infact,

hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemost

pervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety.

11.Whichof(hefollowingstatementsis(rueaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Nowadaysmostpeoplebelievellicycanliavcfairlygoodhuallli.

B.Humanlifeinvolvesagreatdealofpainandsuffering.

C.Mostofusarcawareofthefullvalueofhealth.

D.Ancientpeoplebelievedthathealthwasmoreexpensivethananythingelse.

12.Theword"authorize”inParagraph2means"

A.makewayforB.givepowerto

C.writeanorderfbrD.makeitpossiblefor

13.InParagraph2,welearnthatthesociologistregardsmedicineas.

A.asystemwhosepurposeistotreatdiseaseandkeeppeoplehealthy

B.auniversalproblemthataffectseverysociety

C.asocialresponsibilitytotreatillhealth

D.asciencethatfocusesonthetreatmentofdisease

14.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichof(hefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Inthepast,bonesmightbeusedtodecidewhypeoplefeLill.

B.Inpre-industrialsocietiespriestssometimestreatedpalientsbysinging.

C.Modernmedicineissocomplicatedthatsociologynolongerhasaplaceinit.

D.Therewereonlytworolesinanelementarymedicalsystem,thepatientandtheonewhotried

tocurehim.

15.Theauthorofthispassageismainlyconcernedwith.

A.sociologicalaspectsinmedicine

B.medicaltreatmentofdiseases

C.thedevelopmentofmedicalscience

D.theroleofreligioninmedicine

PassageFour

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Englishpeoplearelessgeneticallydiversetodaythan(heywerein(hedaysoftheVikings,

possiblyduetotwodeadlydiseasesthatswepttheircountrycenturiesago,anewstudysays.

ThestudycomparedDNAfromancientandmodemEnglandersandfoundthatthecountry

hasasmallergenepoolthanitdidathousandyearsago.

ThefindingscomeincontrasttomodemEngland'sreputationasaculturalmeltingpot,

whereinmanymajorcitiesyouareaslikelytohearUrdufromIndiaorYorubafromNigeria

beingspokenonthestreetsasEnglish.

RusHoelzel,ageneticistfromtheBritain'sUniversityofDurham,andhiscolleagues

obtainedDNAsamplesfromtheskeletalremainsof48ancientBritonswholivedbetweenA.D.

300and1000.ThercscarulicrsstudiedLhuDNA,whichwaspasseddownfrumiiKHhcrstotheir

children.BycomparingtheDNAwiththatofthousandsofpeoplefromvariousethnic

backgroundslivinginEnglandtoday,theyfound(hatgeneticdiversitywasgreaterintheancient

population.TheteamalsocomparedtheancientDNAwithsamplesfrompeoplelivingin

continentalEuropeandtheMiddleEast,andfoundasimilarlackofgeneticvariety.

Onepossibleexplanationforthisnarrowingofdiversitymightbetwomajoroutbreaksof

plaguethatsweptEnglandandmuchofEurope一theBlackDeath(1347—1351)andtheGreat

Plague(1665—1666).

TheBlackDeathepidemicisestimatedtohavekilledasmuchas50percentofthe

populationofEurope.Threecenturieslater,afifthofthepopulationofLondondiedintheGreat

Plague.However,thesediseasesdidn'tkillrandomly,Hoclzelexplained.4tThcplaguekilledsome

peoplewhileothersremainedresistant,hesaid.

EskeWillerslev,aspecialistinancientDNAfromtheUniversityofCopenhagen,saidheis

surprisedbythefindingsbutagreesthatthehistoricepidemicsmayexplainthelossindiversity.

Sincethediseases,itappearsthatEnglandhasn'tbeenabletomakeupthelosstothegene

pool,despitethehighrateofimmigrationintothecountryoverthepast200years.

16.ThemodemEngland'sreputationas“aculturalmeltingpot”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans

A.Englishpeoplespeakmanydifferentlanguages

B.Englandhasapopulationofmanydifferentculturalorigins

C.Englandisfamousforexportingmeltingpot

D.EnglandhasaclosediplomaticrelationshipwithIndiaandNigeria

17.TheDNAcomparisonbetweenmodernandancientEnglishpeoplereveals.

A.greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthegeneticcontentsintheDNA

B.DNAdiffersamongdifferentpeoplefromdifferentethnicbackgrounds

C.thereislessDNAdiversityinmodernEnglishmenthanintheirancestors

D.modernEnglishmenhasthesameDNAdiversityastheirancestors

18.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.TheancientDNAusedinthisstudywasgatheredfromthebonesoftheancientBritishpeople.

B.ThegeneticinformationcarriedbyDNAispassedtochildrenfromfathers.

C.AlthoughmodemEnglandhashighimmigrationrale,itstillsuffersfrompoorgeneticvariety.

D.England,EuropeancontinentandMiddleEastallsufferfromlackofgeneticvariety.

19.Thetwodeadlydiseases,namelytheBlackDeathandtheGreatPlague.

A.affectedEnglandmorethananyothercountriesinEurope

B.brokeoutbetweenthelliiilccullicenturyandthesixlccnlhcentury

C.tooklessthanhalfofthepopulationawayinEngland

D.leftsomepeoplealivewithresistancetorthediseases

20.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.WillerslevwasnotpreparedtoseethelackofgeneticvarietyinmodemEngland

B.manyimmigrantsmovedtoEnglandtoseekanewlifeafterthetwodiseases

C.thegenebankwillneedtointroducemorenewgenestomakeupforitslosses

D.Englandwillneedtoimmigratemorepeopletomakeupitsgeneloss

II.SpeedReading.(10points,1pointforeach)

Directions:Skimorscanthefollowingpassages.Decideonthebestanswersandthenwrite

thecorrespondinglettersonyourAnswerSheet.

PassageFive

Questions21-25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

DuBoiswasasociologicalandeducationalpioneerwhochallengedtheestablishedsystemof

education(hattendedtorestriciratherthantoadvancetheprogressofblackAmericans.He

challengedwhatiscalledthe“Tuskegeemachine”ofBookerT.Washington,theleading

educationalspokespersonoftheblacksintheUS.Asociologistandhistorian.DuBoiscalledfora

moredeterminedandactivistleadershipthanWashingtonprovided.

UnlikeWashington,whoserootswereinsouthernblackagriculture,DuBois'scareer

spannedbothsidesoftheMason-DixonLine.HewasanativeofMassachusetts,receivedhis

undergraduateeducationfmmFiskUniversityinNashvills,didhisgraduatestudyatHarvard

University,anddirectedtheAtlantaUniversityStudiesofBlackAmericanLifeintheSouth.Du

BoisapproachedtheproblemofracialrelationsintheUnitedStatesfromtwodimensions:asa

scholarlyresearcherandasanactivistforcivilrights.Amonghisworkswasthefamousempirical

(經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的)sociologicalstudy,ThePhiladelphiaNegro:ASocialStudy,inwhichheexamined

thatcity'sblackpopulationandmaderecommendationsfortheschoolsystem.DuBois's

PhiladelphiastudywasthepioneerworkonurbanblacksinAmerica.

DuBoishadalongardactivecareerasaleaderinthecivilrightsmovement.Hehelpedto

organizetheNiagaraMovementin1905,whichledtotheNationalAssociationforthe

AdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),establishedin1909.From1910until1934,DuBois

editedTheCrisis,themajorjournaloftheNAACPIntermsofitseducationalpolicy,theNAACP

positionwasthatallAmericanchildrenandyouthshouldhavegenuineequalityofeducational

opportunity.Thispolicy,whichDuBoishelpedtoformulate,stressedthefollowingthemes:(1)

publicschoolingshouldbefreeandcompulsoryforallAmericanchildren;(2)secondary

schoolingshouldbeprovidedforallyouth;(3)higheruduualiunshouldnotbemoiiupulizcdby

anyspecialclassorrace.

Asaleaderineducation,DuBoischallengednotonlythetraditionofracialsegregationin

theschoolsbutalsotheaccommodationist(妥協(xié)的;遷就的)ideologyofBookerT.Washington.

ThemajordifferencebetweentheIwomenwasthatWashingtonsoughtchangethatwas

evolutionaryinnatureanddidnotupsetthesocialorder,whereasDuBoisdemandedimmediate

change.DuBoisbelievedineducatedleadershipforblacks,andhedevelopedaconceptreferred

toasthe"talentedtenth",accordingtowhich10percentoftheblackpopulationwouldreceivea

traditionalcollegeeducationinpreparationforleadership.

21.ComparedwithBookerT.Washington,DuBois'spoliticalstandwas.

A.lesspopularB.moreradical

C.lessaggressiveD.moreconservative

22.Accordingtothetext,DuBoisworkedasallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

A.aneditorB.aneducator

C.ascholarD.anofficial

23.ItisDuBois'sbeliefthat.

A.theblackshaveapriorityintermsofeducation

B.highereducationshouldbefreeforallraces

C.everyonehasanequalrighttoeducation

D.developmentineducationshouldbegradual

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Washingtonwouldnotappreciatetheideaofoverthrowingsocialorder.

B.Racialseparationisanoutcomeofaccommodationistideology.

C.Washingtonwouldnotsupportadeterminedandactivistleadership.

D.ThePhiladelphiaNegroisabookonblacksinAmericanSouth.

25.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

A.manyblacksarepreparedforleadership

B.DuBoiswasinfavorof“eliteeducation''forblacks

C.WashingtonandDuBoishadneverbeenfriends

D.onlythetop10percentarcwortheducating

PassageSix

Questions26-30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

InJaneCollard'sopinion,stressisbecominganincreasinglycommonfeatureofthe

workplace.Stressisahighlyindividualreaction,whichvariesconsiderablyfromperson(operson,

andilisdiffiuuk(orsomeemployeesloavoidit.Indued,slirssisregardedbymanyaspailofthe

organizationalcultureofourinstitutions:itcomeswith(hejob.Recentfiguresindicatethattime

takenoffworkbecauseofstresshasincreasedby5()percentsincethe1950s.Undoubtedly,

changesinworkingconditionshaveledtogreaterpressureatworkatalllevels.Withreductionsin

staffing,workloadsforindividualemployeeshaveincreased.Inaddition,manyemployeesareleft

worryingaboutthesecurityoftheirjobs.

Onthestressmanagementcoursesthatsheruns,JaneCollardtriestomakethetrainees

realize(hatstressinitselfisnotharmful.Everyoneneedsacertainlevelofstresstoenablethemto

feelmotivatedandtoperformeffectively.Acompleteabsenceofstresscanbeasdamagingas

overstress,sinceilcanmakepeopleloseinterestintheirwork,andevenleadtodepression.The

difficultiesoccurwhentheamountofstressrisesabovealevelwhichishealthyforaparticular

individual.Ifthishappens,theeffectsareveryobviousandthetraineesaretaughttorecognizethe

signs.Stressmaybeexpressedphysically,forexamplethroughheadachesandtiredness,or

throughemotionalproblemssuchasdepression.Apersonsufferingfromstressmayalsostartto

behavedifferently,andcanbedifficultlodealwith.

Whileitmaynotalwaysbepossibletopreventstress,therearcanumberofwaysinwhichit

canbecontrolled.Thefirstthingthatthetraineeslearnishowtomanagetheirtimeeffectively.

Thisinvolves,firstofall,settingrealisticgoalsfbrboththeshortandlongterms.Oncethis

frameworkhasbeenestablished,tasksarethenprioritizedonadailybasis.Thetraineesarealso

remindedthatwhentheyareunderpressurethelessimportantitemsshouldbeleft,andthey

shouldneverhesitatetodelegate.Everyoneisencouragedtolookatwaysofreducing“wasted

forexamplebygroupingsimilartaskstogetherordealingwithitemsimmediately.

Janefeelsthatoneofthemostusefulfeaturesofthecourseisthatitenablestraineestodeal

withthosedemandsordeadlinesthattheyregardasunreasonable.Theyareencouragedtoavoid

beingdefensive,butatthesametimetheyarcadvisednottobeafraidofsaying“no”.Theyarc

askedtogivereasonsonlyifnecessary.Thetraininghelpsthemtoforeseedifficultsituationsor

unwanteddemands,andtheylearnhowtopreparethemselvesmentally.Everyoneisencouraged

nottogetstuckinnegativethoughtpatterns,wherestresscanfeedacircularsenseofhelplessness.

Onesolutiontheydiscussistothinkofamoreencouragingalternativeforeachnegativemessage.

Theylearn,fbrexample,toremindthemselvesthatnothingterriblehappenswhenademandis

refusedoradeadlinemissed.Lifegoeson.

26.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTthecauseofstressat

work?

A.Workingconditionschange.

B.Wiliireductionsinstaffing,workloadsfurindividualemployeeshaveinuruased.

C.Manyemployeesareafraidoflosingtheirjobs.

D.Thepayislowerthanbefore.

27.ThepuiposeofthestressmanagementcoursesrunbyJaneCollardis.

A.tohelppeoplereducetheirstress

B.tomakethetraineesrealizestressinitselfisnotharmful

C.tomakethetraineesrealizestressenablespeopletofeelmotivatedandtoperformeffectively

13.tomake(hetraineesrealizeacompleteabsenceotstresscanleadtodepression

28.“Prioritize“inthethirdparagraphmeans“2

A.arrangeinorderB.giveattentionto

C.concentrateonD.regardas

29.Themostusefulfeatureofthecourseisthat.

A.itenablestraineestodealwiththosedemandsordeadlinesthattheyregardasunreasonable

B.ithelpspeoplerealizestressisnotalwaysharmful

C.ithelpspeopleworkmoreefficiently

D.itletspeopleknowtherelationshipbetweenworkandstress

30.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

A.Stressisnotalwaysharmful.

B.Stressisbecominganincreasinglycommonfeatureoftheworkplace.

C.JaneCollard'sresearchonstress.

D.Howtopreventstress?

III.DiscourseCloze.(1()points,1pointforeach)

Directions:Thefollowingpassageistakenfromthetextbook.Readthepassageandfillinthe

numberedspaces(therearcmoresuggestedanswersthannecessary).Writeyouranswersonthe

AnswerSheet.

Itisdifficult(olivewithoutacarinmodernAmerica.Citiesandtownsarebuiltaroundthe

automobile.31..Futurecommunities,whilestillallowingresidentstoownandoperate

carsiftheysochoose,mustbecenterednotaroundvehicletraffic,butaroundfoottraffic.

Acommonargumentagainstcarsis32.,areundesirable.Whilethisistrue,the

automobilemustberemovedfromurbanplanningnotonlyduetopollutionbutalsobecauseofits

unsustainablenature.Cars—andthetypeofcitythatisplannedaround(hem—useconsiderable

resourcesandspacethatwillnotbeavailableinthefuture.33..Althoughitispossiblefor

alternativefuelsourcestobedeveloped,thesewillnonethelessrequireconsiderableenergyuse.

Furthermore,manyresourcesareconsumedintheproductionofcars.Inaworldwithaconstantly

iiicrcctsingpopulalion,theJiiaiiufaulurcofnewcarsisnotsuniclhingihalcanbesustainedand

providedtoallthepeopleofthework!.Notonlydoestheproductionandoperationofcarsdrain

society,buttheattitudeassociatedwiththeautomobileendangersthefuture.Itisnotadvantageous

forindividualstodriveeverywherebecause,asthepopulationincreases,34.—adrainon

bothtimeandresources(halcanbeavoidedwithproperplanningforthefuture.

Unfortunately,currenturbanplansrequire35..Masstransit,forthemostpart,is

hardlyavailabletothoseoutsideofdowntownareas.Evenwhereitisavailable,masstransitis

oftenlimitedinscopeanddoesnotprovideapreferablealternativetoautomobiles.Ihedesireto

owncarsandlandaccompaniesthisidea.Thispropertycravingiscurrentlysatiatedviasuburban

sprawlandlargehouses.Withburgeoningpopulation,theinefficientlandusebasedon(henotion

ofpropertywealthneedstobediscarded.36..Communitiesofthefuturemustbedesigned

sothatbusinessesandhomesarebuiltnexttooneanother.

Ofcourse,thisisnotpossiblewithcurrentcities.Mostbusinessesarelocatedinundesirable

areasofcities.Moreover,suburbansprawlfurtherdemandsthatoneusesacar.Suburbanareasare

spreadoutoverlargetractsofland;notonlydoes(hisuseupvaluablefarmlandandnaturalareas,

37..Forthemostpart,suburbancommunitiesfunctionasplacestosleep;residentswork

andplayoutsideofwheretheylive.Inordertocreatesustainablecommunitiesforfuture

generations,itisnotenoughtosimplypursueideassuchasmasstransit.Althoughmasstransitis

animportantpartofanycityplan,itisanalternativethatdistractsfromtheimmediateproblemat

hand:38..

Americanshaveanotion39..Downtownareascanbemodifiedtolowercrimeand

createamoreattractivefacade.Inaddition,newcommunitiescanbedesignedsothatresidential

andcommercialareasarezonedandbuiltnexttoeachother.Withproperattentiontobuilding

codesandplanning,attractivehousesandbusinessescancoexist.40..Inreturn,thiswill

eliminatetheneedforautomobiletransportation.Itisnotenough,however,thatpeoplemerelybe

abletoworknearwheretheylive.Shoppingareas—fromgrocerytoclothingstores—shouldbe

locatednearhomessothatcitizensdonothavetotravelIon?distancestorunerrands.Concurrent

withthis,entertainmentfacilitiesshouldbenearhomesandbusinessessothatanentire

functioningandviablecommunitycanbewithineasywalkingdistance.

(FromCommunitiesforFutureGenerationsintheUS)

A.itwillleadtoincrediblecongestionwithinurbanareas

B.butpeoplewholiveinsuburbsarcfarremovedfromentertainmentandshoppingcentersand

musttravelbycartotheseplaces

C.butitisanecessaryonethatmustbemadeifthenationwishestomaintainitshighstandardsof

living

D.Thisisadesignfocusthatmustbeavoidedinthefuture

E.thefundamentalneedistorethinkhowpeopleliveandwhattypeofcommunitiestheylivein

F.Itwillbedifficultforurbanplannerstotakethesesteps

GCommunitiesmustberedesignedsothatpeoplecanliveandworkinbothclosequartersand

comfort

H.thattheypollutetheenvironmentandthus

1.Itthisisdoneproperly,peoplewillintactprefer(oliveinthesecommunitiestorconvenience

andeaseofcommute

J.(hat(heyneedtoaccumulatepropertywealthandthisinus:bechanged

K.thatanyonewhowishestoleadanactivelifemustdriveacar

L.Oilreservesaredwindlingandwilldisappearwithinthenextcentury

IV.WordFormations.(1()points,1poi