2025年大學(xué)《阿爾巴尼亞語》專業(yè)題庫——阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂演奏考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題1.阿爾巴尼亞最具代表性的彈撥樂器之一“?ifteli”通常由幾根弦組成？A.兩根B.四根C.六根D.八根2.在阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中，代表北部地區(qū)的“TiranaRrema”調(diào)式，其音階結(jié)構(gòu)大致類似于西方音樂的哪種調(diào)式？A.C大調(diào)B.G小調(diào)C.A自然小調(diào)D.D多利亞調(diào)式3.下列哪項(xiàng)不是阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中“Kanun”樂器系統(tǒng)的組成部分？A.撥弦類B.彈撥類C.氣鳴類D.打擊類4.被譽(yù)為阿爾巴尼亞“音樂圣人”的?eskZadeh，主要以演奏和創(chuàng)作哪種樂器而聞名？A.NalB.Lute(?embalo)C.KanunD.Daf5.阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中，表達(dá)悲傷或哀悼情緒的旋律，通常被稱為？A.ValleB.K?ng?eLiris?C.HimniiPavar?sis?D.MelodiaeTragjik?s二、填空題6.阿爾巴尼亞南部的Gjirokast?r和Vlor?地區(qū)，傳統(tǒng)音樂中廣泛使用的一種長(zhǎng)頸魯特琴，其名稱是________。7.阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中，即興演奏的部分通常被稱為________。8.“Byreke”是一種在阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中使用的________演奏技巧，常用于弦樂器。9.阿爾巴尼亞國(guó)家anthem“HimniiPavar?sis?”的旋律，據(jù)信其靈感部分來源于一首古老的阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)民歌________。10.阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中的“Kanun”是一種復(fù)雜的鍵盤式彈撥樂器，通常被認(rèn)為起源于古代的________樂器。三、名詞解釋11.Kanun12.Valle13.?ifteli14.Nal15.KanunByreke四、簡(jiǎn)答題16.簡(jiǎn)述阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中“Kanun”樂器的構(gòu)造特點(diǎn)及其在音樂中的作用。17.比較阿爾巴尼亞北部和南部傳統(tǒng)音樂在樂器使用和風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)上的主要差異。18.描述阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂中“improvisation”（即興演奏）的基本特征。19.阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂演奏在社區(qū)慶典和日常生活中扮演著怎樣的角色？五、論述題20.結(jié)合具體樂器或曲目為例，論述阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂演奏如何體現(xiàn)其獨(dú)特的民族文化和身份認(rèn)同。21.探討阿爾巴尼亞傳統(tǒng)音樂演奏藝術(shù)在當(dāng)代社會(huì)的傳承現(xiàn)狀、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及可能的保護(hù)與發(fā)展路徑。試卷答案1.C2.D3.D4.C5.D6.Lute(?embalo)7.Improvisation8.Bending9.Lulaj10.Hydraulis11.Kanun:TheKanunisacomplexkeyboard-likestringinstrumentnativetotheBalkans,particularlyAlbania.Itisplayedbysittingonthefloorandpressingleversconnectedtostringsstretchedoverasoundboard,producingaharpsichord-likesound.ItiscentraltotraditionalAlbanianmusic,especiallyinthenorth,andisassociatedwithawiderangeofmusicalstylesandsocialcontexts.Itsconstructioninvolvesmultiplerowsoflevers(bards)correspondingtodifferentnotes,allowingforintricatemelodiesandharmonies.12.Valle:ValleisamajortraditionalmusicstyleinAlbania,primarilyassociatedwiththesouthernhighlands.Itistypicallyperformedacappellabymalegroupsandischaracterizedbyitspowerful,unisonvocallines,oftensunginacall-and-responsepattern.Themusicisusuallyslowtomoderatetempo,conveyingthemesoflove,nature,epictales,andsocialcommentary.Itoftenfeaturesspecificmelodiccontoursandmodes(vallemelodies)distinctfromotherAlbanianstyles.13.?ifteli:The?ifteliisapopularAlbanianpluckedstringinstrument,somewhatsimilartoaluteorguitar.Ittypicallyhasfourdoublecoursesofstrings(eightstringstotal),tunedinpairs.ItiswidelyusedacrossAlbania,particularlyinfolkmusicforaccompanimentandsometimessoloperformance.Thesoundisbrightandresonant,anditisplayedwithaplectrum(pick).Itsconstructionandplayingtechniquevarysomewhatbyregion.14.Nal:TheNalisatraditionalAlbaniansingle-stringedfiddleorlute,playedwithabow.ItisprimarilyassociatedwiththesouthernregionsofAlbania,especiallytheregionsofGjirokast?randVlor?.TheNalusuallyhasalongneck,aroundedbody,andasinglemelodystring,sometimesaccompaniedbyadronestring.Itssoundisdistinctandexpressive,oftenusedinfolksongsanddances.15.KanunByreke:KanunByrekereferstoaspecificplayingtechniqueorstyleontheKanuninstrument."Byreke"essentiallymeans"bending"or"vibrato"inthiscontext.Itinvolvesaspecialvibratotechniquewheretheplayerslightlyaltersthepitchofanotewhileholdingit,creatingaexpressive,slightlywobblysoundeffect.ThistechniqueischaracteristicofcertainmelodiclinesandimprovisationsontheKanunandcontributessignificantlytotheinstrument'scharacteristictimbreandexpressivequality.16.Kanunconstructionfeaturesmultiplerowsoflevers(bards)connectedtostringsoverasoundboard.Eachlevercorrespondstoaspecificpitch.It'splayedbypressingleverswiththefingerswhilepluckingthestringswiththethumborindexfinger.Theleversallowforrapidchangesinpitchandthecreationofcomplexharmonicstructures.TheKanuniscentraltonorthernAlbanianmusic,usedinsoloperformances,accompaniment,andensembles,reflectingitsversatilityandexpressiverangeinconveyingvariousmoodsandstyles.17.NorthernAlbanianmusicoftenfeaturesthecomplexKanun,usesmodeslike"TiranaRrema,"andhasaricherharmoniclanguageduetothepolyphonictraditions.Ittendstobemoreformalandassociatedwithweddingsandcelebrations.Southernmusic,particularlythe"Valle,"usesinstrumentsliketheNalandLute(?embalo),reliesheavilyonunisonsinging,andhasamoremelodic,oftenslower,character,reflectingdifferentsocialandgeographicalinfluences.18.ImprovisationinAlbaniantraditionalmusicisthespontaneouscreationofmusicallineswithinadefinedstructureormode.Itofteninvolvesornamentation,variationsonatheme,andtheuseofcharacteristicrhythmicandmelodicpatterns.Improvisationisacrucialskillformusicians,allowingforpersonalexpressionandadaptationtothesocialcontextoftheperformance.Itcanbefoundthroughoutvariousinstruments,especiallytheKanunandstringinstruments,andisintegraltothevitalityandlivenatureofthetradition.19.Albaniantraditionalmusicperformanceisdeeplyembeddedincommunitylife,servingfunctionsinsocialgatherings,celebrations(likeweddingsandholidays),andexpressingculturalidentity.Itreinforcessocialbonds,preservesoraltraditions,andconnectsgenerations.Performancesofteninvolvespecificinstrumentsandstylestiedtoparticularoccasions,actingasalivingpartofAlbanianheritageandculturalcontinuity.20.Albaniantraditionalmusicperformancereflectsnationalidentitythroughitsuniquemelodicmodes(likeValleandregionalvariations),characteristicinstruments(Kanun,Nal,?ifteli),andperformancepractices.TheintricateharmoniesoftheKanun,thepowerfulunisonsingingofsouthernValle,andthespecificplayingtechniquesallcontributetoadistinctsound.Thismusicconnectscommunitiestotheirancestralroots,isperformedduringkeylifeeventsreinforcingculturalvalues,andiscarriedforwardbydedicatedmusicians,embodyingresilienceandprideinAlbaniancultureamidstmoderninfluences.21.ThetransmissionofAlbaniantraditionalmusicperformancefaceschallengeslikeurbanizati