蘇州市人民醫(yī)院輸血醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語術(shù)語考核一、選擇題（每題2分，共20題）1.Whatisthemedicaltermfortheprocessofremovingantibodiesfromtheblood?A.ApheresisB.PlasmapheresisC.LeukapheresisD.Erythrocytapheresis正確答案：B2.Whichofthefollowingisatypeofbloodproductderivedfromplasma?A.RedbloodcellsB.PlateletsC.Freshfrozenplasma(FFP)D.Granulocytes正確答案：C3.WhatisthetermfortheinheriteddisorderthatcausesexcessivebleedingduetoadeficiencyofFactorVIII?A.HemophiliaAB.HemophiliaBC.vonWillebranddiseaseD.Thromboticthrombocytopenicpurpura正確答案：A4.Whichtestisusedtodeterminethecompatibilitybetweendonorandrecipientblood?A.ABObloodtypingB.RhtypingC.CrossmatchingD.Antinuclearantibodytest正確答案：C5.Whatisthetermfortheconditionwhereapatientproducesantibodiesagainsttheirownredbloodcells?A.HemolyticanemiaB.ErythroblastosisfetalisC.AutoimmunehemolyticanemiaD.Paroxysmalnocturnalhemoglobinuria正確答案：C6.Whichbloodcomponentisprimarilyusedtotreatcoagulationdisorders?A.PlateletsB.CryoprecipitateC.RedbloodcellsD.Granulocytes正確答案：B7.Whatisthetermfortheprocessofcollectingbloodfromadonor?A.PhlebotomyB.VenipunctureC.BloodcollectionD.Apheresis正確答案：C8.Whichofthefollowingisameasureoftheoxygen-carryingcapacityoftheblood?A.HemoglobinlevelB.PlateletcountC.WhitebloodcellcountD.Lymphocytecount正確答案：A9.Whatisthetermfortheblooddisordercharacterizedbyaninabilitytoformclots?A.HemophiliaB.ThrombocytopeniaC.ThrombosisD.ITP正確答案：B10.Whichtestisusedtoscreenforinfectiousdiseasesinblooddonors?A.ELISAB.PCRC.WesternblotD.Gramstain正確答案：A二、填空題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theprocessofseparatingplasmafrombloodcellsiscalled_________.答案：Plasmapheresis2.Theproteinresponsiblefortransportingoxygeninthebloodiscalled_________.答案：Hemoglobin3.ThetermfortheRhfactoris_________.答案：Dantigen4.TheconditionwhereapatientdevelopsantibodiesagainstABOantigensiscalled_________.答案：Hemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn(HDN)5.Themedicaltermforthedestructionofredbloodcellsis_________.答案：Hemolysis6.Theprocessofmatchingdonorandrecipientbloodtypesiscalled_________.答案：Crossmatching7.ThetermforthedeficiencyofvitaminK-dependentclottingfactorsiscalled_________.答案：Hypoprothrombinemia8.Themedicaltermforthecollectionofplateletsiscalled_________.答案：Plateletpheresis9.Theconditionwhereapatienthasanincreasedriskofbloodclotsiscalled_________.答案：Thrombophilia10.Thetermfortheprocessofaddingbloodproductstothecirculationiscalled_________.答案：Transfusion三、簡答題（每題5分，共5題）1.ExplainthedifferencebetweenABOandRhbloodtyping.答案：ABObloodtypingisbasedonthepresenceofAorBantigensonredbloodcells,whileRhtypingisbasedonthepresenceorabsenceoftheDantigen.ABOincompatibilitycancausehemolytictransfusionreactions,whereasRhincompatibilityisparticularlydangerousinpregnancy.2.Describethepurposeofacrossmatchinbloodtransfusion.答案：Acrossmatchisperformedtoensurecompatibilitybetweendonorandrecipientblood,reducingtheriskoftransfusionreactions.Itinvolvesmixingrecipientserumwithdonorredbloodcellstocheckforantibodies.3.Whatarethemaincomponentsofbloodandtheirfunctions?答案：Themaincomponentsofbloodareredbloodcells(carryoxygen),whitebloodcells(fightinfections),platelets(formclots),andplasma(transportnutrientsandclottingfactors).4.Explainthesignificanceofinfectiousdiseasescreeninginblooddonors.答案：Infectiousdiseasescreening(e.g.,HIV,HBV,HCV,HTLV)ensuresthatdonatedbloodissafefortransfusion,protectingrecipientsfromtransmittinginfections.5.Whatishemolyticanemia,andhowisittreated?答案：Hemolyticanemiaisaconditionwhereredbloodcellsaredestroyedprematurely.Treatmentmayincludetransfusions,immunosuppressivedrugs,orsurgerytoremovethespleen,dependingonthecause.四、翻譯題（每題10分，共2題）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:“血小板減少癥是一種血液疾病，患者的血小板數(shù)量低于正常水平，導(dǎo)致出血風(fēng)險增加?！贝鸢福篢hrombocytopeniaisablooddisorderinwhichtheplateletcountislowerthannormal,increasingtheriskofbleeding.2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:“輸血反應(yīng)可能由血型不相容或受血者產(chǎn)生的抗體引起?！贝鸢福篢ransfusionreactionsmaybecausedbyABOincompatibilityorantibodiesproducedbytherecipient.五、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）1.TrueorFalse?ABObloodtypingismoreimportantthanRhtypingintransfusions.答案：False.BothABOandRhtypingarecriticalforsafetransfusions.2.TrueorFalse?Plateletshaveashortershelflifethanredbloodcells.答案：True.Plateletsarestoredfor5days,whileredbloodcellscanbestoredforupto42days.3.TrueorFalse?HemophiliaisableedingdisordercausedbyadeficiencyofFactorVIII.答案：True.HemophiliaAiscausedbyFactorVIIIdeficiency.4.TrueorFalse?CrossmatchingisunnecessaryifABOandRhtypingarecompatible.答案：False.Crossmatchingisstillrequiredtoensuresafety.5.TrueorFalse?Freshfrozenplasma(FFP)containsallclottingfactors.答案：True.FFPisrichinclottingfactors.6.TrueorFalse?Erythrocytapheresisistheprocessofcollectingredbloodcells.答案：False.Erythrocytapheresisisamisusedterm;thecorrecttermisredbloodcellcollection.7.TrueorFalse?Hemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn(HDN)iscausedbyRhincompatibility.答案：True.HDNoftenoccurswhenanRh-negativemothercarriesanRh-positivefetus.8.TrueorFalse?Apheresisisamethodofbloodcollection.答案：True.Apheresisinvolvescollectingspecificbloodcomponents.9.TrueorFalse?Thrombosisistheformationofbloodclots.答案：True.Thrombosisreferstobloodclotformation.10.TrueorFalse?Bloodtypingisperformedonlybeforesurgery.答案：False.Bloodtypingisdonebeforetransfusions,notjustsurgery.答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.B.Plasmapheresis解析：Plasmapheresisistheprocessofremovingplasmafrombloodtotreatdiseaseslikethromboticthrombocytopenicpurpura(TTP)ortoprepareplasmafortransfusion.2.C.Freshfrozenplasma(FFP)解析：FFPisderivedfromplasmaandcontainsallclottingfactors,usedtotreatcoagulationdisorders.3.A.HemophiliaA解析：HemophiliaAiscausedbyFactorVIIIdeficiency,leadingtoexcessivebleeding.4.C.Crossmatching解析：Crossmatchingensurescompatibilitybetweendonorandrecipientblood,preventingtransfusionreactions.5.C.Autoimmunehemolyticanemia解析：Thisconditioninvolvesantibodiesattackingthepatient’sownredbloodcells.6.B.Cryoprecipitate解析：CryoprecipitatecontainshighconcentrationsofFactorVIIIandfibrinogen,usedforcoagulationdisorders.7.C.Bloodcollection解析：Thisisthestandardtermforcollectingbloodfromdonors.8.A.Hemoglobinlevel解析：Hemoglobinistheproteinthatcarriesoxygenintheblood.9.B.Thrombocytopenia解析：Thisdisorderinvolveslowplateletcounts,leadingtopoorclotting.10.A.ELISA解析：ELISA(Enzyme-LinkedImmunosorbentAssay)isusedtodetectantibodiesorantigensinblooddonors.二、填空題答案與解析1.Plasmapheresis解析：Plasmapheresisseparatesplasmafrombloodcells,oftenfortherapeuticpurposes.2.Hemoglobin解析：Hemoglobinbindstooxygeninthelungsandreleasesitintissues.3.Dantigen解析：TheDantigenistheprimarydeterminantinRhtyping.4.Hemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn(HDN)解析：HDNoccurswhenmaternalantibodiesattackfetalredbloodcells.5.Hemolysis解析：Hemolysisisthebreakdownofredbloodcells.6.Crossmatching解析：Crossmatchingensuresbloodcompatibilitybeforetransfusion.7.Hypoprothrombinemia解析：ThisconditionresultsfromvitaminKdeficiency,affectingclottingfactors.8.Plateletpheresis解析：Plateletpheresiscollectsplateletsfromdonors.9.Thrombophilia解析：Thrombophiliaincreasestheriskofbloodclots.10.Transfusion解析：Transfusioninvolvesaddingbloodproductstothecirculation.三、簡答題答案與解析1.DifferencebetweenABOandRhbloodtyping:解析：ABOtyping(A,B,AB,O)isbasedonantigensonredbloodcells,whileRhtyping(positive/negative)checksfortheDantigen.ABOincompatibilitycancauseimmediatetransfusionreactions,whereasRhincompatibilityisdangerousinpregnancy(HDN).2.Purposeofcrossmatching:解析：Crossmatchingconfirmscompatibilitybymixingrecipientserumwithdonorcells,preventingantibodiesfromattackingtransfusedblood.3.Maincomponentsofbloodandtheirfunctions:解析：Redbloodcellscarryoxygen;whitebloodcellsfightinfections;plateletsformclots;plasmatransportsnutrientsandclottingfactors.4.Significanceofinfectiousdiseasescreening:解析：Screening(e.g.,HIV,HBV,HCV)protectsrecipientsfrominfectionstransmittedviatransfusion.5.Hemolyticanemiaandtreatment:解析：Hemolyticanemiaoccurswhenredbloodcellsaredestroyedprematurely.Treatmentincludestransfusions,immunosuppressants,orsplenectomy.四、翻譯題答案與解析1.Thrombocytopeniaisablooddis