八年級英語上冊Unit4單詞解析（Grammar部分）1.Cloth(名詞)布、織物【用法講解】cloth常為不可數(shù)名詞，但在表示“一塊布”時，是可數(shù)名詞。Eg:Thisclothisverysoft.這塊布很柔軟。Sheboughttwonewclothsforcleaning.我買了兩塊新的清潔布?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縜pieceofcloth一塊布...thfor...用來做...的布料Cottoncloth棉布Silkcloth絲綢Clothshoes布鞋Eg:Shecutapieceofclothtomakeahandkerchief.她剪了一塊布來做手帕。Thisistheclothformakingcurtains.這是用來做窗簾的布料。Cottonclothisfortabletowear.棉布穿起來很舒服。Thedressismadeofsilkcloth.這條裙子是用絲綢做的。Helikestowearclothshoesinsummer.夏天他喜歡穿布鞋?！九缮~】clothing為不可數(shù)名詞，譯為“服裝”（強(qiáng)調(diào)總稱）；clothes為名詞，譯為“衣服”；cloths為名詞，譯為“多塊布”。Eg:Wedonatedalotofclothingtothecharityorganization.我們給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐贈了很多衣物。Ineedtowashmyclothes.我需要洗我的衣服。Thecleaneruseddifferentclothsfordifferentsurfaces.清潔工針對不同的表面使用了不同的布?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Sheboughtsomenew________(布)tomakecurtains.答案：cloth2.Tie(動詞)（用線、繩等）系、栓、捆【用法講解】tie作動詞還可譯為“連接、關(guān)聯(lián)、束縛”；tie還可作名詞，譯為“領(lǐng)帶、帶子、聯(lián)系”。Eg:Tieyourshoelacesbeforeyourun.跑步前系好你的鞋帶。Thetwoeventsaretiedbyamontheme.這兩個事件由一個共同的主題聯(lián)系起來。Thecontracttiesthepanytostrictregulations.合同使公司受到嚴(yán)格規(guī)定的約束。Heworearedtietotheparty.他戴著一條紅色領(lǐng)帶去參加派對。Thefarmerusedatietofastenthegate.農(nóng)夫用一根帶子把門固定住。Theculturaltiesbetweenthetwocountriesareverystrong.兩國之間的文化聯(lián)系非常緊密。【常見搭配】tieup捆好、占用、阻礙Tiedown束縛、限制Tieinwith與...相符、一致Tieto依賴于Aclosetie親密的關(guān)系Eg:Tieuptheluggagebeforeyouleave.離開前把行李捆好。Theprojecttiedupallourfundsforamonth.這個項(xiàng)目占用了我們的所有資金一個月。Theaccidenttieduptrafficforhours.事故使交通堵塞了好幾個小時。Familyresponsibilitiestiehimdown.家庭責(zé)任束縛住了他。Yourplantiesinwellwithouroverallstrategy.你的計(jì)劃與我們的總體戰(zhàn)略非常一致。Hissuccessistiedtohishardwork.他的成功依賴于他的努力工作。Thereisaclosetiebetweenthetwofamilies.這兩家之間有著親密的關(guān)系?！九缮~】untie為動詞，譯為“解開”。Eg:Sheuntiedhershoelacesandtookoffhershoes.她解開鞋帶，脫下了鞋子?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.She_______(系)theropetothetree.2.Canyou_______(tie)thisknotforme?It’stootight.答案：1.tied2.untie3.Thread(名詞)線【用法講解】thread為可數(shù)名詞，也可譯為“線索、思路、脈絡(luò)”等；thread還可為動詞，譯為“穿過”。Eg:Sheusedaredthreadtosewthebuttonon.她用紅線縫上了紐扣。Thedetectivefollowedthethreadofevidencetosolvethecase.偵探順著證據(jù)的線索破了案。Canyouhelpmethreadtheneedle你能幫我穿線嗎？【常見搭配】apieceofthread一根線Losethethread失去線索、思路Threadthrough穿過、通過Threadtogether將...連在一起Eg:Ineedapieceofthreadtofixthistear.我需要一根線來修補(bǔ)這個破洞。Whilelisteningtothelonglecture,Ilostthethreadandgotconfused.聽這個長篇講座時，我跟不上思路了，感到很困惑。Thepaththreadsthroughtheforest.小路穿過森林。Shethreadedthebeadstogethertomakeanecklace.她把珠子連在一起做成了一條項(xiàng)鏈?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Pleasepassmeaneedleandt_________.答案：thread4.Dye(動詞)給...染色、染；(名詞)染料、染液Eg;Shedyedherhairpurplefortheconcert.她為了這場音樂會把頭發(fā)染成了紫色。Thisfabriccanbedyedinmultiplecolors.這種布料可以染成多種顏色。Weneedtobuysomenaturaldyefortheexperiment.我們需要購買一些天然染料來做實(shí)驗(yàn)?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Hewantsto_______(染)hisbeardgray.答案：dye5.Product(名詞)產(chǎn)品【用法講解】product為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為products。Eg:Apple’slatestproducthasattractedalotofattention.蘋果的最新產(chǎn)品吸引了很多關(guān)注。Thewastegasisaharmfulproductofthechemicalreaction.廢氣是化學(xué)反應(yīng)的有害產(chǎn)物?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縣ighqualityproduct高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品Innovativeproduct創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品Eg:Thisbrandisknownforitshighqualityproducts,andithasalargecustomerbase.這個品牌以其高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品而聞名，擁有龐大的客戶群體。Thestartup’sinnovativeproducthasattractedalotofattentionfrominvestors.這家初創(chuàng)公司的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品引起了投資者的廣泛關(guān)注。【派生詞】byproduct為名詞，譯為“副產(chǎn)品”；Produce為動詞，譯為“生產(chǎn)、制造”；Producer為名詞，譯為“生產(chǎn)者”；production為名詞，譯為“制造、生產(chǎn)”。Eg:Intheprocessofrefiningoil,gasolineisthemainproduct,andasphaltisabyproduct.在煉油過程中，汽油是主要產(chǎn)品，瀝青是副產(chǎn)品。Sheep’smilkisproducedinmuchthesamewayasgoat’smilk.綿陽奶和山羊奶的生產(chǎn)過程差不多。Thelocalproducersaretryingtopetewithimportedproducts.當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)者正試圖與進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品競爭。Theproductionofthiscarmodelhasincreasedsignificantlythisyear.今年這款汽車型號的產(chǎn)量大幅增加?！疽谆毂嫖觥縋roduct與production區(qū)別：product為可數(shù)名詞，側(cè)重具體產(chǎn)物或結(jié)果；production為不可數(shù)名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)生產(chǎn)過程或抽象產(chǎn)量。Eg:Thepanylaunchedthreenewproducts.公司推出三款新產(chǎn)品。Productionofthenewaircraftwillstartnextyear.新飛機(jī)的生產(chǎn)將于明年開始?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Thisfactoryspecializesin________highqualityaquatic________forexport(produce).答案：producing;products6.Workshop(名詞)作坊【用法講解】workshop為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為workshops，還可譯為“研討會、講習(xí)班”。Eg:Theworkersintheworkshoparebusyassemblingcarparts.車間里的工人正忙著組裝汽車零件。Iattendedawritingworkshoplastweekend,whereIlearnedalotofusefulwritingtechniques.上周末我參加了一個寫作研討會，在那里我學(xué)到了很多有用的寫作技巧?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縨achineworkshop機(jī)械車間Languageworkshop語言研討會Holdaworkshop舉辦研討會Eg:ThemachineworkshopinthisfactoryisequippedwithadvancedCNCmachines.這家工廠的機(jī)械車間配備了先進(jìn)的數(shù)控機(jī)床。IimprovedmyspokenEnglishalotbyattendingthelanguageworkshop.通過參加語言研討會，我的英語口語提高了很多。Theuniversitywillholdaworkshoponartificialintelligencenextmonth.這所大學(xué)下個月將舉辦一場人工智能研討會。【即學(xué)即用】1.The________(工廠)hasshutdownandtheworkersareunemployed.答案：workshop7.Pattern(名詞)圖案、模式【用法講解】pattern為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為patterns，譯為“榜樣”；pattern還可為動詞，譯為“模仿、以...為模式”。Eg:Thedresshasabeautifulfloralpattern.這條裙子有漂亮的花卉圖案。Hisdailylifefollowsaregularpattern.他的日常生活遵循一種規(guī)律的模式。Heisapatternofgoodbehaviorforhisyoungerbrother.他是弟弟良好行為的榜樣。Shepatternsherwritingstyleafterthatfamousauthor.她模仿那位著名作家的寫作風(fēng)格?！境Ｓ么钆洹縟esignpattern設(shè)計(jì)模式Behaviorpattern行為模式Setapattern樹立榜樣Eg:Thesoftwaredeveloperusedawellknowndesignpatterntoimprovethecode’sstructure.軟件開發(fā)人員使用了一種知名的設(shè)計(jì)模式來改進(jìn)代碼的結(jié)構(gòu)。Psychologistsstudydifferentbehaviorpatternstounderstandhumannaturebetter.心理學(xué)家研究不同的行為模式，以更好地了解人性。Thesuccessfulentrepreneursetapatternforyoungpeopletostarttheirownbusinesses.這位成功的企業(yè)家為年輕人創(chuàng)業(yè)樹立了榜樣。【即學(xué)即用】1.Allthreeattacksfollowedthesame_________(模式).答案：pattern8.Roll(名詞)卷、管【用法講解】roll為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為rolls，還可譯為“滾動”；roll還可為動詞，譯為“滾動、搖擺、轉(zhuǎn)動”。Eg:Mybrotherboughtarollofblackandwhitefilmyesterday.昨天我哥哥買了一卷黑白膠卷。Weheardtherollofthunder.我們聽到了隆隆的雷聲。Thecoinrolledunderthebed.硬幣滾到床底下去了。Herolledhiseyesather.他的眼珠對著她骨碌碌地轉(zhuǎn)。Theboatrolledbadly.船搖晃得很厲害?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縜rollof...一卷...rollout鋪開Rollup卷起Rollover翻身、翻轉(zhuǎn)Rollin蜂擁而來Rollinto卷成Eg:Ineedarollofwrappingpaperforthegift.我需要一卷包裝紙來包裝禮物。Rolloutthecarpet.展開地毯。IfIrollitup;myblanketcanchangeintoapillow.如果我把它卷起來，我的毯子能變成一個枕頭。Thecatrolledoveronthesofa.貓?jiān)谏嘲l(fā)上翻了個身。Thetouristsrolledinduringtheholidayseason.旅游旺季時，游客們蜂擁而至。Theyrolledthepaperintoatube.他把紙卷成了一個圓圈?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.她為相機(jī)買了一卷膠卷。Shebought_________________filmforhercamera.答案：arollof9.Reduce(動詞)減少Eg:Weneedtoreduceourexpensesthismonth.這個月我們需要減少開支?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縭educeto...減少到...（后接目標(biāo)結(jié)果）Reduceby...減少...（后接變化量）Reduce...todoingsth.被迫采取某種行為Reducesb./sth.toastate使某人/某物陷入某種狀態(tài)Eg:Thestaffwasreducedto50employees.員工數(shù)量縮減至50人。Salesreducedby15%lastquarter.上季度銷售額減少了15%。Thedroughtreducedfarmerstobegging.旱災(zāi)迫使農(nóng)民乞討。Thefirereducedthebuildingtoashes.大火將建筑物燒成灰燼。【即學(xué)即用】()1.Reducethenumberofemployees_________halfoftheoriginal.A.toB.byC.withD.of答案：A10.Waste(名詞)浪費(fèi)、廢料【用法講解】waste也可為動詞，譯為“浪費(fèi)、揮霍、濫用”。Eg:Pleasethrowthewasteintherecyclingbin.請把廢物扔進(jìn)回收箱。Iwastedmytimeonthatproject.我在哪個項(xiàng)目上浪費(fèi)了時間?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縲astetime/moneyonsb./sth.在某人/某物上浪費(fèi)時間/金錢Wastetime/money(in)doingsth.浪費(fèi)時間/金錢做某事Awasteoftime浪費(fèi)時間Eg:Shewastedalotofmoneyonclothes.她在衣服上浪費(fèi)了很多錢。Tomneverwastestoomuchtimeplayingputergames.湯姆從不在玩電腦游戲上浪費(fèi)太多時間。It’sawasteoftimetalkingtohim.和他談話事浪費(fèi)時間?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Theywastedawholeday_________(try)tofixtheputer.答案：trying11.Joy(名詞)樂趣、高興【用法講解】joy常為不可數(shù)名詞，但是在表示“某個帶來快樂的具體對象”時為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為joys。Eg:Heshoutedwithjoywhenhepassedtheexam.考試通過時他高興地大叫。Gardeningisoneofthesimplejoysinlife.園藝是生活中簡單的快樂之一。【常見搭配】joyin...在...方面的快樂Bringjoyto...為...帶來喜悅Fullofjoy充滿喜悅Ajoyto....對...愉快Withjoy快樂地Eg:Hisjoyingardeningkeepshimyouthful.園藝之樂讓他保持年輕。Thebirthofhersonbroughtherimmensejoy.兒子的出生給她帶來了巨大的喜悅。Thechildren’slaughterwasfullofjoy.孩子們的笑聲充滿喜悅。Cookingisajoytoher.烹飪對她來說是一種享受。Thechildrenrantoplaygroundwithjoy.孩子們快樂地奔向操場?！九缮~】joyful為形容詞，譯為“快樂的”；joyous為形容詞，譯為“喜慶的”；enjoy為動詞，譯為“享受”。Eg:Thefestivalwasajoyfuloccasion.這個節(jié)日是個快樂的場合。Thisisajoyousweddingceremony.這是個喜慶的婚禮。Ienjoyreadingnovels.我喜歡讀小說。【即學(xué)即用】1.她高興地接受了邀請。Sheacceptedtheinvitation________________.答案：withjoy12.Reason(名詞)理由、原因【用法講解】reason常為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為reasons；但reason在表示“理性、理智、判斷力”等時為不可數(shù)名詞；reason還可為動詞，譯為“推理、思考、說服”等。Eg:Thereareseveralreasonsforthisdecision.做這個決定有幾個原因。Helostallreasonintheargument.在爭吵中他失去了所有理智。Shereasonedthatshemusthaveleftherbagonthetrain.她推斷準(zhǔn)是把包落在火車上了?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縭easonfor......的原因Byreasonof...因?yàn)镕orthisreason因此Haveeveryreasontodosth.完全有理由Reasono/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事Eg:What’sthereasonforyourdecision你做這個決定的原因是什么？Thegamewaspostponedbyreasonoftherain.由于下雨，比賽被推遲了。Forthisreason,earlyeducationiscrucial.因此，早期教育至關(guān)重要。Youhaveeveryreasontocelebrateyoursuccess.你完全有理由慶祝成功。Hereasonedherintoacceptingtheoffer.他說服她接受了提議。【派生詞】reasonable為形容詞，譯為“合理的、通情達(dá)理的”；reasoning為名詞，譯為“推理過程”。Eg:It’sreasonabletoexpectaraiseafterayear.工作一年后期待加薪是合理的。Hisreasoningwasflawed.他的推理存在缺陷?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.因此，他離開了公司。____________________,heleftthepany.2.Thereis____________(reason)concordance(結(jié)果)betweenthetwosetsofresults.答案：1.Forthisreason2.reasonable13.Result(名詞)結(jié)果、后果【用法講解】result為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為results；result還可為動詞，譯為“導(dǎo)致、產(chǎn)生”。Eg:Theresultsoftheexperimentweresurprising.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果令人驚訝。Hiscarelessnessresultedinaseriousaccident.他的粗心導(dǎo)致了一場嚴(yán)重事故?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縭esultof......的結(jié)果Asaresult結(jié)果、因此Withtheresultthat...結(jié)果是...Resultin...導(dǎo)致、造成Resultfrom...由...引起Eg:Theaccidentwastheresultofcarelessdriving.事故是粗心駕駛的結(jié)果。Hestudiedhard.Asaresult,hepassedtheexam.他學(xué)習(xí)努力，因此通過了考試。Shemissedthetrain,withtheresultthatshewaslateforwork.她錯過了火車，結(jié)果上班遲到了。Theheavyrainresultedinaflood.大雨導(dǎo)致了洪水。Hisheadacheresultedfromlackofsleep.他的頭痛是由睡眠不足引起的【即學(xué)即用】1.她吃了太多垃圾食品，結(jié)果，她體重增加了。Sheatetoomuchjunkfood.______________________,shegainedweight.答案：Asaresult14.Glove(名詞)手套【用法講解】glove為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為gloves。Eg:Shelostagloveonherwayhome.她在回家的路上丟了一只手套。注意：gloves常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。Eg:Theseglovesaretoosmallforme.這些手套對我來說太小了?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縜pairofgloves一副手套Ingloves戴著手套Fitlikeaglove完全合身Handlewithkidgloves小心對待Taketheglovesoff不再克制、強(qiáng)硬起來Eg:Sheworeapairofredglovestotheparty.她戴著一雙紅色的手套去參加聚會。Thedoctorwasinglovesduringthesurgery.醫(yī)生在手術(shù)時戴著手套。Thenewdressfitsherlikeaglove.這條新裙子她穿正合身。Theyhandledthenegotiationwithkidgloves.他們謹(jǐn)慎處理了這次談判。Thepanytooktheglovesoffinthepricewar.公司在價格戰(zhàn)中不再留情?！九缮~】gloved為形容詞，譯為“戴著手套的”。Eg:aglovedhand一只戴著手套的手【即學(xué)即用】1.我買了一副新手套。Ibought___________________________________.答案：anewpairofgloves15.Button(名詞)紐扣、按鈕【用法講解】button為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為buttons；button還可為動詞，譯為“給...裝紐扣”。Eg:Presstheredbuttontostartthemachine.按下紅色按鈕啟動機(jī)器。Thereisabuttonmissingfrommyshirt.我的襯衫上少了一顆紐扣。Shebuttonedhercoatquicklybeforegoingout.她出門前迅速扣上了外套的紐扣?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縪nthebutton準(zhǔn)確地、準(zhǔn)時地Atthepushofabutton按一下按鈕Buttonyourlip!閉嘴！Eg:Hisanswerwasrightonthebutton.他的回答完全正確。Thesystemworksatthepushofabutton.這個系統(tǒng)按一下按鈕就能運(yùn)行。Hetoldthenoisykidstobuttontheirlips.他讓吵鬧的孩子們閉嘴。【即學(xué)即用】1.Theremotecontrolhasmany_________(button).答案：buttons16.Onto(介詞)到...上、向...上【用法講解】Onto為介詞時，還可譯為“朝向...”；onto還可為形容詞，譯為“（數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域）滿射的”。Eg:Thecatjumpedontotheroof.貓?zhí)搅宋蓓斏?。Thewindowsopenontoabeautifulgarden.窗戶朝向一座美麗的花園。Thefunctionisonto.該函數(shù)是滿射的?！境Ｒ姶钆洹縣oldonto...抓緊、牢牢抓住eontothemarket在市場上出售Beontosomething發(fā)現(xiàn)線索或重要事物Eg:Holdontotheropetightly.緊緊抓住繩子。Newproductsareingontothemarketeveryday.每天都有新產(chǎn)品在市場上出售。Thedetectiveisontoanewclue.偵探發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條新線索?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Thecatjumped_______(到...上)thetable.2.我覺得他的研究即將有重大突破。Ithinkhe______________abreakthroughinhisresearch.答案：1.onto2.isonto17.Finger(名詞)（手套的）指部、手指【用法講解】finger為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為fingers，還可譯為“指針”；finger還可為動詞，譯為“用手指觸碰、告發(fā)、告密”等。Eg:Shepointedatthemapwithherfinger.她用手指指著地圖。Thefingersofthisglovearetootight.這只手套的指部太緊了。Thefingeroftheclockismovingslowly.鐘表的指針在慢慢移動。Hefingeredtheoldp