1/27專題20名詞目錄01知識(shí)腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識(shí)能力全解【知能解讀01】目錄01知識(shí)腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識(shí)能力全解【知能解讀01】名詞分類【知能解讀02】名詞句法功能03攻堅(jiān)指南·高頻考點(diǎn)突破【重難點(diǎn)突破01】可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化【重難點(diǎn)突破02】可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化【重難點(diǎn)突破03】名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)盲點(diǎn)【重難點(diǎn)突破04】?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞【重難點(diǎn)突破05】抽象名詞具體化用法04避坑錦囊·易混易錯(cuò)診療【易混易錯(cuò)01】名詞所有格的用法【易混易錯(cuò)02】名詞of所有格的用法05通法提煉·高頻思維拆解【用法拓展01】動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的場(chǎng)合【用法拓展02】形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的場(chǎng)合01名詞分類02名詞句法功能1.作主語(yǔ)Honesty

isthebestpolicy.誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好的策略。Theoldbookstoredowntownsellsrareeditionsofclassicnovels.

市中心的舊書店出售經(jīng)典小說(shuō)的珍本。2.作賓語(yǔ)Theydecidedtovisitthehistoriccastleduringtheirsummervacation.

他們決定在暑假期間參觀那座歷史城堡。Afterdinner,wewalkedalongthequietstreetsoftheoldneighborhood.

晚飯后，我們沿著老社區(qū)安靜的街道散步。3.作表語(yǔ)Sheisadedicatedteacherwhoinspiresherstudentsdaily.她是一位敬業(yè)的老師，每天激勵(lì)著學(xué)生。Thatoldhouseonthehilllooksamysteriouscastlefromadistance.山上的那座老房子從遠(yuǎn)處看像一座神秘的城堡。4.作同位語(yǔ)WevisitedParis,

thecapitalofFrance.我們參觀了巴黎——法國(guó)的首都。MycolleagueMark,askilledprogrammer,developedthenewsoftwaresystem.

我的同事馬克，一位熟練的程序員，開發(fā)了新的軟件系統(tǒng)。5.作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Sheconsidersreadinghergreatestjoyduringleisuretime.她認(rèn)為閱讀是閑暇時(shí)最大的樂(lè)趣。Tomwasmadetheircaptainafterhisoutstandingperformance.湯姆表現(xiàn)出色后，被任命為他們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。6.作定語(yǔ)①單數(shù)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表示名詞性別、材料、功能等。astonebridge一座石橋ameetingroom一個(gè)會(huì)議室aticketoffice售票處hisgirlfriend女友theschoolgate學(xué)校大門ashoestore一家鞋店易錯(cuò)提醒：man，woman作定語(yǔ)必須隨所修飾名詞的數(shù)而定。threewomenscientists三名女科學(xué)家fivemendoctors五名男醫(yī)生②某些常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞直接用作定語(yǔ)armsproduction武器生產(chǎn)aclothesshop服裝商店thesalesdepartment營(yíng)業(yè)部agoodstrain貨車thesavingsbank儲(chǔ)蓄所acustomsofficer海關(guān)人員anartsdegree文科學(xué)位③名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)students’books學(xué)生用書China’scapital中國(guó)的首都theworld’spopulation世界人口④兩種定語(yǔ)有時(shí)并存但意義不一樣womendrivers女司機(jī) thewoman’sdriver這位婦女的司機(jī)girlfriend女朋友 thegirl’sfriend這女孩的朋友mothertongue母語(yǔ) mother’stongue母親的舌頭7.作狀語(yǔ)Weworkdayandnighttofinishtheproject.我們?nèi)找构ぷ饕酝瓿蛇@個(gè)項(xiàng)目。Iwalkmydogintheparkeveryevening,rainorshine.我每天晚上都會(huì)在公園遛狗，無(wú)論晴雨。01可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化場(chǎng)合用法示例一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass→glasses,box→boxes,church→churches,brush→brushes輔音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories元音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys輔音字母+-o結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes元音字母+-o結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-szoo→zoos,zero→zeros元音字母+-o結(jié)尾的名詞特殊直接加-sphoto→photos,kilo→kilos,piano→pianos以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f或fe為-veswife→wilves,wolf→wolves以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-sgulf→gulfs,roof→roofs,belief→beliefs,safe→safes單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species特殊記憶的名詞單獨(dú)記憶man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù)passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)無(wú)名詞最后加-sgrown-up→grown-ups,go-between→go-betweens分類助記：規(guī)則：以f結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-s。記憶口訣：海灣邊、屋頂上，首領(lǐng)廚師兩相望，誰(shuí)說(shuō)他們無(wú)信仰，證據(jù)寫在手帕頭巾上。gulf-gulfs,roof-roofs,chief-chiefs,chef-chefs,belief-beliefs,proof-proofs,scalf-scalfs/scalves,handkerchief-handkerchiefshandkerchieves規(guī)則：以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f或fe為-ves。記憶口訣：小偷妻子切面包，半片樹葉當(dāng)作刀，狼保己命架后藏thief-thieves,wife-wives,leaf-leaves,knife-kinves,wolf-wolves,life-lives,shelf-shelves規(guī)則：輔音字母+-o結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-es。記憶口訣：黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆西紅柿negro-negroes,heor-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes02可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化變化示例單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer鹿,fish魚,sheep綿陽(yáng),means方法,series系列,aircraft飛機(jī),species物種,works工廠，作品Chinese中國(guó)人,Japanese日本人,Swiss瑞士人變局部元音goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,man-men,woman-women；mouse-mice詞尾-on變-aphenomenon-phenomena現(xiàn)象，criterion-criteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詞尾加-(r)enchild-children孩子,ox-oxen公牛詞尾-un變成-adatum-data數(shù)據(jù),medium-media媒體-sis變?yōu)?sescrisis-crises危機(jī),diagnosis-diagnoses診斷,analysis-analyses分析03名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)盲點(diǎn)1.常見以-ings形式結(jié)尾的名詞。belongings所屬物 savings節(jié)省下來(lái)的東西findings研究發(fā)現(xiàn)greetings問(wèn)候語(yǔ)earnings掙來(lái)的錢surroundings周圍的環(huán)境sufferings受難2.合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。合成名詞有主體名詞，在該名詞后加-s，如passer-bypassers-by過(guò)路人,editor-in-chief--editors-in-chief總編輯，looker-onlookers-on旁觀者，brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫，runner-uprunners-up亞軍，合成名詞無(wú)主體名詞，則在詞尾加-s，如grown-upgrown-ups成人,go-betweengo-betweens中間人。3.man/woman復(fù)數(shù)形式將a變?yōu)閑，但下列名詞直接在詞尾加-s：German—Germans德國(guó)人,RomanRomans羅馬人，humanhumans人類?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).3.city_____zoo_____country_____tooth_____mouse_____boy_____broom_____car_____tree_____horse_____bus_____fox_____branch_____baby_____family_____dish_____radio_____photo_____piano_____knife_____leaf_____life_____thief_____man_____woman_____child_____foot_____this_____watch_____diary_____day_____book_____dress_____sheep_____tea_____box_____strawberry_____peach_____sandwich_____paper_____juice_____water_____milk_____rice_____people_____CD_____ox_____deer_____fish_____Roman_____1.months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,tomatoes,zoos;wives;boxes,photos,brushes2.Teachers’,editors-in-chief,menteachers,womendoctors,children;sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,teeth3.citieszooscountriesteeth

mice//boysbroomscars

treeshorses//busesfoxes

branchesbabiesfamilies//dishes

radiosphotospianosknives//

leaveslivesthievesmen

women//childrenfeetthese

watchesdiaries//daysbooks

dressessheepteas//boxes

strawberriespeachessandwichespapers//

juicewatermilkrice

people//CDsoxendeerfishRomans

04?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞1.抽象類名詞（表示狀態(tài)、情感、品質(zhì)等）advice建議：apieceofadvice一條建議information信息：someinformation一些信息knowledge知識(shí)：knowledgeofhistory歷史知識(shí)happiness幸福：thehappinessofchildren孩子們的幸福courage勇氣：showcourageindanger在危險(xiǎn)中展現(xiàn)勇氣success成功：achievegreatsuccess取得巨大成功failure失?。篹xperiencefailure經(jīng)歷失敗progress進(jìn)步：makeprogressinstudy在學(xué)習(xí)上進(jìn)步2.物質(zhì)類名詞表示無(wú)法分割的物質(zhì)或材料water水：aglassofwater一杯水milk牛奶：abottleofmilk一瓶牛奶meat肉：somemeat一些肉butter黃油：aspoonofbutter一勺黃油wood木頭：apieceofwood一塊木頭3.自然現(xiàn)象名詞weather天氣：goodweather好天氣snow雪：heavysnow大雪rain雨：lightrain小雨wind風(fēng)：strongwind大風(fēng)fog霧：thickfog濃霧4.總稱類名詞clothing（服裝）：apieceofclothing（一件衣服）furniture（家具）：asetoffurniture（一套家具）equipment（設(shè)備）：advancedequipment（先進(jìn)設(shè)備）luggage/baggage（行李）：heavyluggage（沉重的行李）jewelry/jewellery（珠寶）：expensivejewelry（昂貴的珠寶）易錯(cuò)提醒：不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式；前邊也不能有不定冠詞a或an?！靖櫽?xùn)練】單句改錯(cuò)。1.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.2.(2016全國(guó)II卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.3.(2016四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.4.(2015全國(guó)I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.5.(2011全國(guó)I卷）Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.【答案】1.informations改為information2.knowledges改為knowledge3.houseworks改為housework4.airs改為air5.luggages改為luggage。05抽象名詞具體化用法1.具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，常考的有：?jiǎn)卧~抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂(lè)趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情It’sanhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere.被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)诖税l(fā)言是我的榮幸。ClimbingMountEverestwasaterrifyingbutexcitingexperience.攀登珠峰是一次既驚險(xiǎn)又刺激的經(jīng)歷。2.物質(zhì)名詞具體化物質(zhì)名詞通常為不可數(shù)名詞，但在特定語(yǔ)境中表示“具體的一份、一件或一種”，此時(shí)變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，可被冠詞（a/an）修飾，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Sheorderedateaandacake.她點(diǎn)了一杯茶和一塊蛋糕。Thewaiterbroughtthreejuicestothetable.服務(wù)員給桌上送來(lái)了三杯果汁?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Chaplinwasnotjustgenius;hewasamongthemostinfluentialfiguresinfilmhistory.1．a(chǎn)解析：考查不定冠詞。句意：卓別林不僅是個(gè)天才；他是電影史上最有影響力的人物之一。泛指一個(gè)天才，genius以輔音音素開頭，用不定冠詞a。故填a。2．Aglassofwarmmilkonabitterlycoldnightisrealcomfort.2．a(chǎn)解析：考查冠詞。句意：在寒冷的夜晚喝上一杯熱牛奶，真是一種莫大的慰藉。此處comfort為泛指，且real是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞，用不定冠詞a。故填a。3．Amancanfailmanytimes,butheisn’tfailureuntilhebeginstoblamesomebodyelse.3．a(chǎn)解析：考查冠詞。句意：一個(gè)人可以失敗很多次，但是只要他沒(méi)有開始責(zé)怪其他人，他還不是一個(gè)失敗者。failure在句中意為“失敗者，失敗的人”，為可數(shù)名詞，句中表示泛指“一個(gè)”，且起始音為輔音，應(yīng)在前面加上不定冠詞a。故填a。4．Thesystemweintroducedin1980hasbeengreatimprovement.4．a(chǎn)解析：考查冠詞。句意：我們1980年引入的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)重大的改進(jìn)。分析句子可知，這里表示“一項(xiàng)重大的改進(jìn)”，所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞表泛指，且great為輔音音素開始的單詞。故填a。5．Volunteeringisoftenquitechallenging,butit’sextremelyrewardingexperience.5．a(chǎn)n解析：考查冠詞。句意：志愿服務(wù)通常是相當(dāng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，但它是一個(gè)非常有益的經(jīng)歷。句中“experience”表示“經(jīng)歷”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指“一次極其有意義的經(jīng)歷”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾。又因“extremely”是以元音音素開頭的單詞，所以應(yīng)使用“an”。故填an。01名詞所有格的用法1.名詞所有格：表示人或有生命的名詞常在詞尾加's或’。mysister'stelephone姐姐的電話Jones’room瓊斯的房間Nurses’Day護(hù)士節(jié)Teachers’Day教師節(jié)Woemn’sDay兒童節(jié)Women’sday婦女節(jié)2.表示兩者各自所有關(guān)系時(shí)，分別在每個(gè)名詞的詞尾加’s；表示兩者共有，在最后名詞詞尾加’s。Tom’sandLucy’sroomsarebothonthesecondfloor.（湯姆和露西各有一個(gè)房間）湯姆的房間和露西的房間都在二樓。Thisismyfatherandmother’sbedroom.（爸爸和媽媽共用一個(gè)臥室）這是我爸爸和媽媽的臥室。3.表示店鋪、辦公室或某人家時(shí)，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。如：Weboughtbreadatthebaker’s.我們?cè)诿姘曩I了面包。Thepackageiswaitingforyouatthedentist’s.包裹在牙醫(yī)診所等你。ShestayedatMary’slastnight.她昨晚住在瑪麗家。02名詞of所有格的用法無(wú)生命的名詞常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系；名詞短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)修飾的有生命的名詞用of所有格。Thepagesofthebookareyellow.（book是無(wú)生命名詞）這本書的書頁(yè)發(fā)黃了。Theopinionofthegirlwithglassesisworthconsidering.（thegirlwithglasses是帶定語(yǔ)的有生命名詞短語(yǔ)）那個(gè)戴眼鏡的女孩的觀點(diǎn)值得考慮。03名詞雙重所有格的用法雙重所有格指＂名詞＋of＋名詞所有格＂或＂名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞＂。Thisisafriendof

myfather's.這是我父親的一位朋友。Thatideaof

yours

isverycreative.你的那個(gè)想法很有創(chuàng)意?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Thepolicelistenedpatientlytothe(victim)statementandcarefullyrecordedeverydetailofthecase.1．victim’s解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：警察耐心地聽取了受害者的陳述，并仔細(xì)記錄了案件的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。修飾名詞statement，應(yīng)用名詞所有格形式，victim的名詞所有格是victim’s。故填victim’s。2．TianshanMountainsandthesurroundingareasaresourcesof(world)cold-waterorganisms.2．world’s解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：天山山脈及其周邊地區(qū)是世界上冷水生物的發(fā)源地。此處表示“世界上的冷水生物”，表示所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用名詞所有格world’s。故填world’s。3．AfriendMark’sheldapartyinBeijingtocelebratehisbirthday.3．of解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：馬克的一個(gè)朋友在北京舉辦了派對(duì)慶祝他的生日。此處指Mark的朋友中的一個(gè)朋友，Afriend和Mark’s之間構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用介詞of，表示雙重所有格。故填of。4．Themainpurposeofthecourseistoimprove(student)readingability.4．students’解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：本課程的主要目的是提高學(xué)生的閱讀能力。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，student和readingability之間構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用名詞所有格，結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，學(xué)生不止一個(gè)，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式students，其所有格形式在詞尾加-’，故填students’。5．Jiaozicouldbestuffedwithdifferentkindsofmeatandvegetablesaccordingto(people)favouritetastes.5．people’s解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：餃子可以根據(jù)人們喜愛(ài)的口味，填入不同種類的肉類和蔬菜。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，people與favouritetastes為所屬關(guān)系，所以此空應(yīng)填名詞所有格people’s作定語(yǔ)，修飾favouritetastes。故填people’s。6．Distancetestsa(horse)strength.Timerevealsa(person)character.6．horse’s,person’s解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：路遙知馬力，日久見人心。第一空修飾strength，結(jié)合“tests”可知，此處指“一匹馬的力量”，horse和strength之間是所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用horse的所有格形式；第二空修飾character，結(jié)合“reveals”可知，此處指“一個(gè)人的性格”，person和character之間是所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用person的所有格形式。故填①horse’s；②person’s。7．The(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotintomycar.7．girls’解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：女孩們的鞋子沾滿了泥，所以我讓她們?cè)谶M(jìn)我的車之前把鞋脫掉。根據(jù)后半句them可知，此處指多個(gè)女孩，所以girl需用復(fù)數(shù)形式girls；又因“鞋子”與“女孩”存在所屬關(guān)系，需要名詞所有格。故填girls’。8．Movingoutofher(parent)housegaveherasenseofindependence.8．parents’解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：搬出父母的房子給了她一種獨(dú)立感?？仗幮揎椕~house，表示“父母的”，應(yīng)用名詞所有格形式。“父母”是兩個(gè)人，parent“父親（或母親）”應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式parents，其所有格形式是在詞尾加parents’。故填parents’。9．Aftertwo(day)hardwork,theysucceededincompletingtheproject.9．days’解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)兩天的艱苦工作，他們成功地完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目?？仗幮揎椕~work，應(yīng)填名詞所有格，由two可知使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)所有格days’，故填days’。10．Shewasather(dentist)fortwohoursyesterday.10．dentist's解析：考查名詞所有格。句意：昨天她在牙醫(yī)那待了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，要表達(dá)“牙醫(yī)診所”，應(yīng)該用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn)。故填dentist's。01動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的場(chǎng)合1.v+ment結(jié)尾achieve→achievement成就 advertise→advertisement廣告agree→agreement同意 amuse→amusement娛樂(lè)commit→commitment承諾，奉獻(xiàn) develop→development發(fā)展disagree→disagreement不贊同 equip裝備→

equipment裝備，器材govern統(tǒng)治→government政府 manage→management經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理易錯(cuò)提醒：argue——

argument爭(zhēng)吵2.v+ion結(jié)尾attract→attraction吸引 discuss→discussion討論express→expression詞語(yǔ)；表達(dá) instruct→instruction用法說(shuō)明invent→invention發(fā)明 predict→prediction預(yù)言impress→impression印象 suggest→suggestion建議，暗示educate→education教育 graduate→graduation畢業(yè)operate→operation操作，動(dòng)手術(shù) illustrate→illustration闡明，舉例說(shuō)明pollute→pollution污染 introduce→introduction介紹admit→admission入場(chǎng) imagine→imagination想象力inspir→inspiration靈感，鼓舞人心的事 invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)compete→competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽 admit→

admission承認(rèn)permit→permission允許 conclude→conclusion結(jié)論decide→decision決定 solve→solution解決方法易錯(cuò)提醒：pronounce→pronunciation發(fā)音 describe→description描寫，描繪3.v+ance結(jié)尾allow→allowance允許 appear→appearance外貌，出現(xiàn)accept→acceptance接受 resis→resistance阻力disturb→disturbance打擾 guide→guidance指導(dǎo)4.v+ence結(jié)尾exist→existence存在 depend→dependence依賴prefer→preference偏愛(ài) refer→reference參考5.v+-er/-or結(jié)尾visit→visitor訪問(wèn)者 produce→producer生產(chǎn)者；制造者announce→announcer廣播員 conduct→conductor指揮；售票員edit→editor編輯 educate→educator教育者instruct→instructor

講師 survive→survivor幸存者6.v+ure結(jié)尾fail→failure失敗；倒閉 press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開；出發(fā) mix→mixture混合物expose→exposure暴露7.v+al結(jié)尾arrive→arrival到達(dá)；抵達(dá) survive→survival幸存；生存approve→approval批準(zhǔn)；同意 refuse→refusal拒絕；回絕propose→proposal提議；求婚 withdraw→withdrawal撤回；提款8.v+th結(jié)尾grow→growth生長(zhǎng)；發(fā)展 die→death死亡9.v+ing結(jié)尾begin→beginning開始；開端 end→ending結(jié)束；結(jié)局mean→meaning意義 say→saying諺語(yǔ)remind→reminding提醒 warn→warning警告10.v+其他結(jié)尾beg→beggar乞丐 believe→belief信仰relieve→relief欣慰 behave→behavior行為know→knowledge知識(shí) fly→flight飛行succeed→success成功 pursue→pursuit追求，從事anyalyze→analysis recovery→recovery發(fā)現(xiàn)marry→marriage結(jié)婚 store→storage存儲(chǔ)02形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的場(chǎng)合1.adj+cyefficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性 private→privacy隱私2.adj+dombore→boredom無(wú)聊 free→freedom自由易錯(cuò)提醒：wise→wisdom明智；智慧3.adj+ceabundant→abundance豐富；充裕 distant→distance距離；遠(yuǎn)方important→importance重要性 reluctant→reluctance不情愿；勉強(qiáng)tolerant→tolerance寬容；容忍significant→signiciance重要性4.adj+thdeep→depth深度 long→length長(zhǎng)度wide→width寬度 strong→strength力量warm→warmth溫暖 young→youth青春；青年true→truth真理 5.adj+nesskind→kindness善良 happy→happiness快樂(lè)friendly→friendliness友善 dark→darkness黑暗weak→weakness虛弱 bitter→bitterness苦味；痛苦aware→awareness意識(shí) lonely→loneliness孤獨(dú)6.adj+ty后綴cruel→cruelty殘忍 loyal→loyalty忠誠(chéng)secure→security安全 varied→variety種類responsible→responsibility責(zé)任 honest→honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】下列各題均有一個(gè)最佳答案。1.The______(permit)tobuildthenewfactoryhasnotbeenobtainedyet.2.The______(fail)oftheexperimentmadethescientistsmoredetermined.3.The______(divide)ofthepropertyamongthesiblingscausedsomedisputes.4.The______(grow)ofthecity'spopulationbringsmanychallenges.5.The______(inspect)ofthefactoryrevealedsomesafetyproblems.6.The______(choose)ofthethemeforthepartywasadifficultdecision.7.The______(approve)oftheplanisnecessarybeforewestart.8.The______(appear)ofthestrangecreaturefrightenedthevillagers.9.The______(analyse)ofthedataprovidedvaluableinsights.10.The______(apply)forthescholarshipshouldbesubmittedbeforethedeadline.11.The______(declare)ofwarshockedthewholeworld.12.The______(impress)heleftonhisfirstdayatworkwaspositive.13.The______(guide)throughtheancientcitywasveryinformative.14.The______(solve)totheproblemwasfinallyfoundafterdaysofeffort.15.The______(withdraw)ofthetroopsfromtheconflictareawaswelcomed.16.The______(entertain)providedatthepartywasreallywonderful.17.The______(govern)ofthecountryfacesmanyeconomicissues.18.Myfirst______ofherwasthatshewasveryfriendly.（impress）19.Thankyouforyourvaluable______.（suggest）20.Shededicatedherlifetothecauseof______.（educate）21.Upon______,hestartedhisownbusiness.（graduate）22.Thedoctorcarriedoutasuccessful______onthepatient.（operate）23.Thetextbookhasmany______tohelpexplaindifficultconcepts.（illustrate）24.Thecityisfacingseriousair______.（pollute）25.Letmegiveyouabrief______ofourcompany.（introduce）26.Sheworksforanon-profit______.（organize）27.Thestorystimulateschildren's______.（imagine）28.Thebeautifulsceneryprovided______forhispainting.（inspire）29.Shereceivedan______toattendtheconference.（invite）30.Hetookpartinachess______.（compete）31.Payattentiontothe______oftheseEnglishwords.（pronounce）32.Hemadeafull______ofhismistake.（admit）33.Youmustgettheteacher's______toleaveearly.（permit）34.Wecametothe______thattheplanwasfeasible.（conclude）35.It'stimetomakea______aboutyourfuture.（decide）36.Writeaclear______ofwhatyousaw.（describe）37.Hemadea______tostudyharder.（resolve）38.Wearelookingfora______totheproblem.（solve）39.Hisparentsgivehimaweekly______forbooks.（allow）40.Hersudden______atthepartysurprisedeveryone.（appear）41.Theactor's______intheplaywasoutstanding.（perform）42.The______oflifeonotherplanetsisstillunknown.（exist）43.Themoviehasahappy______.（end）44.Heisdoing______fortheupcomingmarathon.（train）45.What'stheexact______ofthisword?（mean）46.Anold______says“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”.（say）47.Thanksfor______meaboutthemeeting.（remind）48.The______areabythelakeisverypopular.（bathe）49.Hisfatherisahard-working______.（work）50.Sheisapopular______inourschool.（teach）51.Hedreamsofbecomingafamous______.（sing）52.The______clearedthehurdleeasily.（jump）53.Messiisagreatfootball______.（play）54.Asabeginner______,heasksmanyquestions.（learn）55.Themuseumwelcomesthousandsof______everyyear.（visit）56.LeonardodaVinciwasabrilliant______.（invent）57.Anold______satonthestreetcorner.（beg）58.The______(admit)ofnewmemberstotheclubisdecidedbythecommittee.59.Shehasastrong______injustice.（believe）60.His______inclassisalwaysexemplary.（behave）61.The______(approve)ofthebudgetisessentialfortheproject.62.The______fromNewYorktoLondonwassmooth.（fly）63.Stirthe______wellbeforecooking.（mix）64.Don'tputtoomuch______onyourself.（press）65.The______inthishotelisexcellent.（serve）66.Witheffort,heachieved______.（succeed）67.Hespenthislifein______ofhappiness.（pursue）68.Theypresentedanew______fortheproject.（propose）69.The______oftroopsmarkedtheendoftheconflict.（withdraw）70.The______ofpandasdependsonconservationefforts.（survive）71.Theonly______oftheaccidentwasalittleboy.（survive）72.The______ofthetrainwasdelayed.（arrive）73.Weneedathorough______ofthedata.（analyze）74.Hisgreat______inscientificresearchinspiresmanyyoungstudents.（achieve）75.Thecompanydesignedacreative______topromoteitsnewproduct.（advertise）76.Afterlongnegotiations,thetwosidesfinallyreached______.（agree）77.Thechildrenhadlotsof______attheamusementpark.（amuse）78.Weneedhis______tocompletethisdifficultproject.（commit）79.Therapid______oftechnologyhaschangedourdailylives.（develop）80.Therewassome______amongtheteammembersabouttheplan.（disagree）81.Thislaboratoryhasmodern______forscientificexperiments.（equip）82.Thelocal______istakingstepstoimprovetheenvironment.（govern）83.Effective______iskeytothesuccessofabusiness.（manage）84.Theyhadan______aboutwhichmovietowatch.（argue）85.TheForbiddenCityisamajor______fortourists.（attract）86.Wehadadeep______aboutthefutureoftheindustry.（discuss）87.Herfacial______showedthatshewassurprised.（express）88.Readthe______carefullybeforeusingthemachine.（instruct）89.The______ofthetelephonewasasignificantmilestone.（invent）90.His______abouttheeconomyturnedouttobecorrect.（predict）91.The______(satisfy)ofcustomersisthetoppriorityforthecompany.92.The______(recognize)ofhistalentinmusiccameatanearlyage.93.The______(punish)forhismisbehaviorwassevere.94.The______(excite)ofwinningthechampionshipwasoverwhelming.95.The______(express)ofgoodswasdelayedduetobadweather.96.The______(depart)ofthetrainwasontime.97.The______(prohibit)ofsmokinginpublicplacesisstrictlyenforced.98.The______(explode)ofthebombcausedgreatdamage.99.The______(suggest)hemadewaswellreceivedbytheteam.100.The______(resist)againsttheinvaderswasfierce.【答案】1.permission

2.failure

3.division

4.growth

5.inspection

6.choice7.approval

8.appearance

9.analysis

10.application

11.declaration

12.impression

13.guidance

14.solution

15.withdrawal16.entertainment

17.government

18.impression

19.suggestion20.education

21.graduation22.operation

23.illustrations24.pollution

25.introduction26.organization

27.imagination28.inspiration

29.invitation30.competition

31.pronunciation32.admission

33.permission34.conclusion

35.decision36.description

37.resolution38.solution

39.allowance40.appearance

41.performance42.existence

43.ending44.training

45.meaning46.saying

47.reminding48.bathing

49.workers50.teacher

51.singer52.jumper

53.players54.learner

55.visitors56.inventor

57.beggar58.admission

59.belief60.behavior

61.approval62.flight

63.mixture64.pressure

65.service66.success

67.pursuit68.proposal

69.Withdrawal70.survival

71.survivor72.arrival

73.analysis74.achievement

75.advertisement76.agreement

77.amusement78.commitment

79.development80.disagreement

81.equipment82.government

83.management84.argument

85.attraction86.discussion

87.expression88.instruction

89.invention90.prediction

91.satisfaction92.recognition

93.punishment94.excitement

95.expression96.departure

97.prohibition98.explosion

99.suggestion100.resistance名詞名詞綜合能力提升一、單句填空在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。考點(diǎn)01考查動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞1.（2025全國(guó)一卷）“InaGogame,eachmoveshouldservealong-termgoal.Youtrytoleadtheopponentintoyourtrapandforcethemtofollowyour59(guide)tilltheylose,”explainsWangWei,aGoplayeramongthevisitorstotheexhibition.1.guidance解析：考查名詞。句意：你試圖引導(dǎo)對(duì)手進(jìn)入你的陷阱，迫使他們跟隨你的“引導(dǎo)”直到他們輸?shù)?。此處作follow的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞guidance“引導(dǎo)”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填guidance。2.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya’sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomentorentratherthanpurchasethemoutright,providingalessexpensive61(solve)toone-timeeventdressing.2.solution解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由空白處前a可知，空白處應(yīng)填名詞形式。3.（2025八省聯(lián)考卷）AsmoreandmoreforeignersstarttostudytheChineselanguageandexperienceChineseculture,theworldwillhaveabetterunderstandingofChinaanditsrichhistory,itshard-workingpeople,itsdevelopmentthrough65(innovate),anditsinclusiveness.3.innovation解析：考查名詞。句意：隨著越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人開始學(xué)習(xí)中文和體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化，世界將更好地了解中國(guó)及其豐富的歷史、勤勞的人民、通過(guò)創(chuàng)新實(shí)現(xiàn)的發(fā)展以及包容性。此處作介詞through的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞innovation“創(chuàng)新”。故填innovation。4.(2024新課標(biāo)II卷）Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.4.engineering解析：考查名詞。句意：最新的工程技術(shù)被用來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)同樣美麗的保護(hù)功能結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知，空處考查短語(yǔ)engineeringtechniques，意為“工程技術(shù)”，符合句意。故填engineering。5.（2024全國(guó)甲卷）Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.5.completion解析：考查名詞。句意：他們都同意了，并發(fā)誓要在旅行結(jié)束后推廣這個(gè)想法。冠詞修飾名詞，本空應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，complete名詞形式為completion，不可數(shù)，故填completion。6.（2024浙江1月卷）Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.6.criticism解析：考查名詞。句意：許多超市不再進(jìn)行“買一送一”的促銷活動(dòng)，因?yàn)橛腥伺u(píng)這種活動(dòng)會(huì)造成浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)“thattheyleadtowaste”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞criticism表示“批評(píng)”作賓語(yǔ)。故填criticism。7.(2023新課標(biāo)II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe__________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.7.arrival解析：考查名詞。句意：從2017年6月開始，就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來(lái)之前，我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是冠詞，空后是介詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作介詞before的賓語(yǔ)，arrive的名詞形式是arrival，不可數(shù)名詞。故填arrival。8.（2023全國(guó)甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.8.warning解析：考查名詞。句意：然而，卡森的主題是對(duì)環(huán)境破壞的更嚴(yán)重警告。形容詞weighty后接名詞形式。根據(jù)句中不定冠詞a可知，用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填warning。9.（2022全國(guó)甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).9.protection解析：考查名詞。句意：曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾，以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意和空前的形容詞environmental可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞protection，作賓語(yǔ)，protection表示“保護(hù)”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。10.（2022浙江1月卷）Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe___________(invite).10.invitation解析：考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)答案是否定的時(shí)候，她拒絕了那個(gè)邀請(qǐng)。此處需填入名詞作動(dòng)詞decline的賓語(yǔ)，故填invitation。11.（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.11.representative解析：考查名詞。句意：一位公司代表回信告訴我，該航空公司將把每天1200個(gè)航班的塑料杯換成紙杯。該空作句子主語(yǔ)，用名詞，前面有不定冠詞修飾，用名詞單數(shù)，所以填representative。12.（2021全國(guó)乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducateabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe_____________(develop)ofthelocalareas.12.development解析：考查名詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個(gè)地區(qū)——無(wú)論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色，并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知，此處填入名詞development來(lái)做動(dòng)詞benefits的賓語(yǔ)。故填development。13.（2021浙江卷）In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir___________(marry)ceremonyin1842.13.marriage解析：考查名詞。句意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價(jià)格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞可知，此處要用名詞形式；結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的ceremony，可知此處意為“婚禮”；提示詞marry意為“婚姻”，其名詞形式為marriage，marriageceremony意為“婚禮”。故填marriage?？键c(diǎn)02考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞14.（2025全國(guó)二卷）Thesun-driedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstothe63(absent)ofsmogandplentyofblueskyafternoonswithlotsoffreshair.14.absence解析：考查名詞。句意：我住的地方，曬干的衣服聞起來(lái)特別香，這要?dú)w功于沒(méi)有煙霧，而且下午的天很藍(lán)天、空氣新鮮。本空作thanksto的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞absence“缺乏，沒(méi)有”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填absence。15.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.15.richness解析：考查名詞。句意：MarkWoodruff補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“這是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的最高成就，在絲綢之路的盡頭，中國(guó)亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過(guò)山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場(chǎng)，這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國(guó)，定義了英國(guó)園藝的豐富和榮耀?！笨仗幣cglory并列，應(yīng)用名詞形式richness，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。故填richness。16.（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational62(visible