2025年考研英語真題卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheconceptofa"digitaltwin"–adynamicvirtualrepresentationofaphysicalobjectorsystem–hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsacrossvariousindustries,frommanufacturingtohealthcare.Thesetwins,poweredbydatagatheredfromsensorsembeddedinthephysicalworldandfedintosophisticatedalgorithms,offerunprecedentedinsightsintoperformance,predictmaintenanceneeds,andoptimizeoperations.However,thewidespreadadoptionofdigitaltwinshingesnotjustontechnologicalcapabilitiesbutalsoonaddressingcomplexchallengesrelatedtodataintegration,security,andstandardization.Oneoftheprimaryhurdlesisthesheervolumeandvarietyofdatageneratedbyphysicalsystems.Integratingdatafromdisparatesources–suchasoperationalsensors,historicalrecords,andexternalenvironmentalfactors–requiresrobustinfrastructureandadvanceddatamanagementtechniques.Withouteffectiveintegration,thepotentialofdigitaltwinsremainslargelyuntapped,assiloeddatacannotprovideaholisticviewnecessaryforaccuratemodelingandprediction.Furthermore,ensuringdataqualityandconsistencyacrossdifferentsourcesiscrucialforthereliabilityofthetwin'ssimulationsandanalyses.Securityconcernsloomlargeinthedigitaltwinlandscape.Sincethesevirtualrepresentationsaredirectlylinkedtophysicalassets,anybreachinthecybersecurityofthedigitaltwincouldpotentiallycompromisetheintegrityandsafetyoftheactualsystem.Protectingsensitivedatafromcyberthreatsrequirescontinuousmonitoring,encryption,andtheimplementationofstringentaccesscontrols.Thepotentialconsequencesofasecuritylapsecanbesevere,rangingfromfinanciallossestophysicaldamage,makingcybersecurityaparamountconsiderationfordigitaltwindeployments.Beyonddataandsecurity,thelackofuniversalstandardsposesasignificantchallenge.Differentcompaniesandindustriesmayusevaryingtechnologies,protocols,anddataformats,makinginteroperabilitybetweendifferentdigitaltwinsdifficult.Thisfragmentationhindersthecreationofcomprehensive,interconnecteddigitalecosystems.Developingandadoptingcommonstandardswouldfacilitatetheintegrationandexchangeofdigitaltwinmodelsanddata,unlockinggreaterpotentialforcollaborationandinnovationacrosssectors.Thefuturepromiseofdigitaltwinsliesintheirabilitytotransformindustriesbyenablingpredictivemaintenance,optimizingperformance,andfosteringinnovation.Forinstance,inmanufacturing,digitaltwinscansimulateproductionscenarios,helpingengineersidentifyinefficienciesandimproveprocessesbeforephysicalimplementation.Inhealthcare,theycanmodelpatientrecoverypathways,aidinginpersonalizedtreatmentplans.Yet,realizingthisfullpotentialrequiresovercomingthecurrentobstacles.Onlybyaddressingthechallengesindataintegration,security,andstandardizationcanwefullyharnessthetransformativepowerofdigitaltwinsandusherinaneweraofintelligent,interconnectedsystems.Questions:1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemaintechnicalchallengesincreatingdigitaltwins?3.Whyaresecurityconcernsparticularlysignificantfordigitaltwins?4.Whatcouldtheadoptionofuniversalstandardsachieveregardingdigitaltwins?5.Theword"hinges"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?6.Thepassagesuggeststhattheapplicationofdigitaltwinsinhealthcaremightinvolve:7.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthecurrentstateofdigitaltwintechnology?8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasourceofdatafordigitaltwins?PassageTwoUrbanizationhasdramaticallyreshapedthelandscapesofcitiesworldwide,bringingbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Whilecitiesofferconcentratedeconomicactivity,culturalexchange,andaccesstoservices,theyalsograpplewithissuesliketrafficcongestion,pollution,andthestrainoninfrastructure.Thetraditionalmodelofurbanplanning,oftenfocusedonexpandingroadnetworksandbuildingmorehousing,hasprovenincreasinglyinadequateinaddressingthesecomplex,interconnectedproblems.Agrowingbodyofresearchhighlightstheneedforamoreholisticandsustainableapproachtourbandevelopment.Thisinvolvesintegratingenvironmentalconsiderationsintotheplanningprocess,promotingtheuseofgreenspaces,andencouragingthedevelopmentofsustainabletransportationsystems.Forinstance,citiesareincreasinglyexploringtheimplementationofcar-freezones,investinginpublictransit,andpromotingcyclingandwalkingasviablealternativestomotorvehicles.Suchinitiativesnotonlyaimtoreducetrafficcongestionandairpollutionbutalsocontributetoahealthierandmorelivableurbanenvironment.Theconceptofsmartcitieshasgainedprominenceasapotentialsolutiontourbanchallenges.Byleveraginginformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT),smartcitiescancollectandanalyzedatafromvarioussources–includingtrafficsensors,environmentalmonitors,andenergygrids–tooptimizeurbanservicesandinfrastructure.Thisdata-drivenapproachallowsformoreefficientresourceallocation,improvedemergencyresponse,andenhancedcitizenengagement.However,thesuccessfulimplementationofsmartcitytechnologiesrequiressignificantinvestment,robustdigitalinfrastructure,andcarefulconsiderationofethicalimplications,particularlyconcerningdataprivacyandsecurity.Equallyimportantistheroleofcommunityparticipationinshapingurbandevelopment.Top-downplanningmodelsoftenfailtoaccountforthediverseneedsandaspirationsoflocalresidents.Engagingcommunitiesintheplanningprocessfostersasenseofownershipandensuresthatdevelopmentprojectsareresponsivetotheactualneedsofthepopulation.Thiscanbeachievedthroughpublicconsultations,participatoryworkshops,andtheestablishmentofcitizenfeedbackmechanisms.Whenresidentsareactivelyinvolved,urbandevelopmentismorelikelytobeinclusive,equitable,andsustainableinthelongterm.Lookingahead,thefutureofurbanizationwilllikelybecharacterizedbyagreateremphasisonsustainability,resilience,andlivability.Citiesmustbecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly,betterequippedtohandleclimatechangeimpacts,andmoreconducivetothewell-beingoftheirinhabitants.Thisrequiresaparadigmshiftfromviewingcitiesasmerecentersofeconomicactivitytorecognizingthemascomplexecosystemswheresocial,economic,andenvironmentalfactorsareintricatelylinked.Onlythroughintegratedandinnovativeapproachescanwecreatecitiesthatarenotonlymodernandefficientbutalsosustainableandtrulyhuman-centric.Questions:9.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialbenefitofimplementingcar-freezonesincities?11.Theword"grapple"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?12.Whatisakeychallengehighlightedinthecontextofsmartcitydevelopment?13.Accordingtothepassage,whyiscommunityparticipationimportantinurbanplanning?14.Thepassagesuggeststhatfutureurbandevelopmentshouldprioritizewhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?15.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthelimitationsoftraditionalurbanplanningmodels?PassageThreeTheglobalriseofthegigeconomyhasfundamentallyalteredthetraditionalrelationshipbetweenemployersandemployees,offeringbothflexibilityanduncertaintyforworkers.Platformsconnectingfreelancerswithclientshaveproliferatedacrossvarioussectors,fromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesign.Thisshifttowardsshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkisdrivenbyseveralfactors,includingtheincreasingdesireforwork-lifebalanceamongworkers,theloweroverheadcostsforbusinessescomparedtotraditionalemployment,andthetechnologicaladvancementsthatfacilitateremoteworkandtask-basedprojects.Forworkers,thegigeconomypresentsseveralpotentialadvantages.Itoffersflexibilityintermsofworkinghoursandlocation,allowingindividualstochooseprojectsthatfittheirschedulesandpreferences.Thiscanbeparticularlyappealingtothosewhovalueautonomyandwanttoavoidtherigidstructuresoftraditionalemployment.Additionally,gigworkoftenprovidesopportunitiesforskilldevelopmentandexposuretodiverseprojects,whichcanenhancecareerprospects.Theimmediatenatureofgigworkalsomeansthatworkerscanoftenfindnewprojectsquicklyiftheycompleteajobsatisfactorily,providingacontinuousincomestream.However,thegigeconomyalsopresentssignificantchallengesanddrawbacksforworkers.Thelackoftraditionalbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidtimeoffisamajorconcern.Gigworkersoftenhavetonavigatethecomplexitiesofmanagingtheirowntaxes,insurance,andsavings,whichcanbeoverwhelmingforthosewithoutpriorexperience.Furthermore,theincomefromgigworkcanbehighlyunpredictable,fluctuatinggreatlydependingontheavailabilityofprojectsandmarketdemand.Thisinstabilitycancreatefinancialinsecurityandanxietyformanyworkers.Fromabusinessperspective,thegigeconomyoffersseveraladvantages,includingaccesstoalargepooloftalent,reducedcostsassociatedwithhiringfull-timeemployees,andtheabilitytoscaleoperationsupordownquicklybasedondemand.Thisflexibilityallowscompaniestobemoreagileandresponsivetomarketchanges.However,businessesalsofacechallengesinmanagingadistributedworkforce,ensuringconsistentservicequality,andnavigatingthelegalandregulatorylandscapesurroundinggigwork.Questionsaboutworkerclassification(employeevs.contractor),minimumwagerequirements,andbenefitobligationsareincreasinglydebatedinvariousjurisdictions.Thefutureofthegigeconomywilllikelyinvolveongoingnegotiationsbetweenworkers,businesses,andpolicymakers.Asthenumberofgigworkerscontinuestogrow,theremaybeincreasedpressuretoaddressissuesrelatedtoworkerprotection,benefits,andsocialsecurity.Policymakerswillneedtofindwaystobalancethebenefitsofthegigeconomyforbusinessesandtheeconomyasawholewiththeneedtoensurefairtreatmentandsecurityforworkers.Thiscouldinvolvethedevelopmentofnewsocialsafetynets,thecreationofportablebenefitssystems,ortheimplementationofregulationsthatprovidegigworkerswithcertainprotectionswhilemaintainingtheflexibilitythatdefinesthegigeconomy.Questions:16.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneadvantageofgigworkforworkers?18.Theword"proliferated"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?19.Whatisamajorconcernregardingtheincomestabilityofgigworkers?20.Fromabusinessstandpoint,whatisapotentialadvantageofusinggigworkers?21.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasapossibleoutcomeforthefutureofgigeconomyregulations?22.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthebalancebetweenworkerprotectionandeconomicflexibilityinthegigeconomy?PassageFourThehumanbrain,withitsestimated86billionneuronsandtrillionsofconnections,remainsoneofthemostcomplexandleastunderstoodorgansinthebody.Despitedecadesofresearch,scientistshaveonlybeguntoscratchthesurfaceofitscapabilitiesandfunctions.However,recentadvancementsinneurotechnology,includingbrain-computerinterfaces(BCIs),areopeningnewavenuesforunderstandingandpotentiallyenhancinghumancognitionandabilities.Brain-computerinterfacesrepresentagroundbreakingtechnologythatenablesdirectcommunicationbetweenthebrainandexternaldevices.Theseinterfacescantranslateneuralsignalsintocommandsthatcontrolcomputers,roboticlimbs,orothermachines.BCIshaveshowntremendouspromiseinhelpingindividualswithseveremotordisabilitiesregainmobilityorcommunicatemoreeffectively.Forinstance,patientswithlocked-insyndrome,whohavelostalmostallmotorcontrolbutretainsomebrainactivity,canuseBCIstooperatecomputersandinteractwiththeirenvironment.Beyondmedicalapplications,BCIsarebeingexploredforenhancingcognitivefunctionsinhealthyindividuals.EarlyresearchsuggeststhatBCIsmightpotentiallyimprovememory,attention,andevencreativitybyprovidingdirectaccesstoandmanipulationofneuralactivity.Whilethetechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,andethicalconcernsaresignificant,thepotentialbenefitsarecompelling.ImagineafuturewhereBCIscanhelpstudentslearnnewinformationmoreefficientlyorathletesoptimizetheirperformancebydirectlyenhancingfocusandcoordination.Despitetheexcitingpossibilities,thedevelopmentandwidespreadadoptionofBCIsfacenumerouschallenges.Oneoftheprimarytechnicalhurdlesistheneedformorereliableanddurableinterfacesthatcansafelyinteractwiththebrainoverlongperiods.CurrentBCIsoftenrequireinvasiveprocedures,carryingrisksofinfectionandtissuedamage.Non-invasiveBCIs,whilesafer,generallyofferlessprecisecontrol.Anothersignificantchallengeisthecomplexityofdecodingneuralsignalsandtranslatingthemintomeaningfulcommandsorinformation.Thebrain'sneuralcodeisincrediblycomplex,andunderstandingitfullyisamonumentaltask.EthicalconsiderationssurroundingBCIsarealsoprofoundandfar-reaching.Issuesrelatedtoprivacy,security,andpotentialmisusemustbecarefullyaddressed.Forexample,couldBCIsbeusedtoreadthoughtsorinfluencebehavior?HowshoulddatacollectedbyBCIsbestoredandprotected?Thesequestionsraiseseriousconcernsaboutautonomyandindividualrights.Furthermore,thepotentialforcreatinginequalities,whereonlythewealthycanaffordcognitiveenhancementtechnologies,posessocialjusticeimplicationsthatmustbeconsidered.Asthefieldofneurotechnologyadvances,theintegrationofBCIsintodailylifeislikelytobecomemorefeasible.However,responsibledevelopmentanddeploymentrequireamultidisciplinaryapproachinvolvingneuroscientists,engineers,ethicists,andpolicymakers.Byfosteringopendialogueandestablishingclearguidelines,societycannavigatethecomplexethicallandscapeandharnesstheimmensepotentialofBCIstobenefithumanitywhilemitigatingpotentialrisks.Questions:23.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?24.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonesignificantapplicationofBCIsinmedicalfields?25.Theword"monumental"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?26.WhatisamajortechnicalchallengementionedinthedevelopmentofBCIs?27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonepotentialethicalconcernregardingBCIs?28.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureroleofBCIsinsociety?PartIITranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish:隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，人工智能（AI）已經(jīng)從科幻小說的范疇逐漸走進我們的日常生活。從智能手機上的語音助手到自動駕駛汽車，AI技術正在以驚人的速度改變著我們的生活方式和工作模式。然而，這種變革也帶來了一系列新的挑戰(zhàn)和問題，需要我們進行深入的思考和積極的應對。如何在享受AI帶來的便利的同時，確保技術的倫理和安全，如何平衡創(chuàng)新發(fā)展與潛在風險，將是我們未來面臨的重要課題。PartIIIWritingDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,andthengiveyourowncomments.[Apicturedepictingapersonlookingthoughtfullyatamobilephonescreenwhilestandingonasmallboatonalake,withmountainsinthedistanceunderabrightsky.]---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.C*解析思路：文章首段提出數(shù)字孿生的概念及其潛力，隨后第二、三、四段分別論述了數(shù)據(jù)整合、安全和標準化方面的挑戰(zhàn)，最后一段再次強調(diào)要克服這些挑戰(zhàn)才能發(fā)揮其全部潛力。C選項“Digitaltwinsoffersignificantpotentialbutfacechallengesthatneedtobeaddressedforwidespreadadoption.”（數(shù)字孿生具有巨大潛力，但其廣泛應用面臨需要解決的問題的挑戰(zhàn)。）最能概括文章主旨。2.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“Integratingdatafromdisparatesources–suchasoperationalsensors,historicalrecords,andexternalenvironmentalfactors–requiresrobustinfrastructureandadvanceddatamanagementtechniques.”（整合來自不同來源的數(shù)據(jù)——如操作傳感器、歷史記錄和外部環(huán)境因素——需要強大的基礎設施和先進的數(shù)據(jù)管理技術。）可知，主要的技術挑戰(zhàn)在于數(shù)據(jù)來源的多樣性和整合的復雜性，需要強大的基礎設施和先進技術。A選項“Integratingdiversedatasources”指整合多樣數(shù)據(jù)來源，符合原文。3.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Sincethesevirtualrepresentationsaredirectlylinkedtophysicalassets,anybreachinthecybersecurityofthedigitaltwincouldpotentiallycompromisetheintegrityandsafetyoftheactualsystem.”（由于這些虛擬表示直接鏈接到物理資產(chǎn)，數(shù)字孿生安全性的任何漏洞都可能危及實際系統(tǒng)的完整性和安全性。）可知，安全漏洞可能直接危及物理系統(tǒng)的安全。B選項“Thepotentialtocompromisethephysicalsystem'ssafety”指危及物理系統(tǒng)的安全，符合原文。4.D*解析思路：根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Developingandadoptingcommonstandardswouldfacilitatetheintegrationandexchangeofdigitaltwinmodelsanddata,unlockinggreaterpotentialforcollaborationandinnovationacrosssectors.”（制定和采納通用標準將促進數(shù)字孿生模型和數(shù)據(jù)的集成和交換，為跨部門協(xié)作和創(chuàng)新釋放更大的潛力。）可知，通用標準能促進不同數(shù)字孿生之間的集成和交換，從而促進跨領域的協(xié)作和創(chuàng)新。D選項“Facilitatinginteroperabilityandcollaboration”指促進互操作性和協(xié)作，符合原文。5.E*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thewidespreadadoptionofdigitaltwinshingesnotjustontechnologicalcapabilitiesbutalsoonaddressingcomplexchallengesrelatedtodataintegration,security,andstandardization.”（數(shù)字孿生的廣泛應用不僅取決于技術能力，還取決于解決與數(shù)據(jù)整合、安全和標準化相關的復雜挑戰(zhàn)。）中的“hingeson”意為“取決于”。E選項“dependson”意為“取決于”，與原文意思最接近。6.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第五段第二句“Inhealthcare,theycanmodelpatientrecoverypathways,aidinginpersonalizedtreatmentplans.”（在醫(yī)療保健領域，它們可以模擬患者康復途徑，有助于制定個性化治療計劃。）可知，數(shù)字孿生在醫(yī)療保健領域可能涉及模擬患者的康復途徑。C選項“Modelingpatientrecoverypathways”指模擬患者康復途徑，符合原文。7.B*解析思路：文章第二、三、四段分別指出了數(shù)據(jù)整合、安全和標準化方面的挑戰(zhàn)，最后一段也提到“realizingthisfullpotentialrequiresovercomingthecurrentobstacles.”（實現(xiàn)這一全部潛力需要克服當前的障礙。）這暗示了盡管有潛力，但目前這些障礙限制了其完全實現(xiàn)。B選項“Itstillfacessignificantobstacles”指它仍然面臨重大障礙，符合原文。8.D*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Integratingdatafromdisparatesources–suchasoperationalsensors,historicalrecords,andexternalenvironmentalfactors...”可知，數(shù)據(jù)來源包括操作傳感器、歷史記錄和外部環(huán)境因素。D選項“Personalopinionsofexperts”指專家的個人意見，原文未提及。9.B*解析思路：文章首段指出城市化帶來的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)，并提到傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃模式的不足。隨后各段分別從可持續(xù)性、智能城市、社區(qū)參與等方面探討了如何應對這些挑戰(zhàn)。B選項“Discussingchallengesandpotentialsolutionsinurbandevelopment”指討論城市發(fā)展中的挑戰(zhàn)和潛在解決方案，最能概括文章主旨。10.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第一句“Citiesareincreasinglyexploringtheimplementationofcar-freezones,investinginpublictransit,andpromotingcyclingandwalkingasviablealternativestomotorvehicles.”（城市越來越多地探索實施無車區(qū)，投資公共交通，并促進騎自行車和步行作為替代機動車的可行選擇。）可知，實施無車區(qū)的一個潛在好處是減少交通擁堵。A選項“Reducingtrafficcongestion”指減少交通擁堵，符合原文。11.D*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“Whilecitiesofferconcentratedeconomicactivity,culturalexchange,andaccesstoservices,theyalsograpplewithissuesliketrafficcongestion,pollution,andthestrainoninfrastructure.”（雖然城市提供了集中的經(jīng)濟活動、文化交流和獲取服務的便利，但它們也面臨著交通擁堵、污染和基礎設施壓力等問題。）中的“grapplewith”意為“應對，處理（難題）”。D選項“Strugglingtodealwith”意為“努力應對”，與原文意思最接近。12.E*解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Engagingcommunitiesintheplanningprocessfostersasenseofownershipandensuresthatdevelopmentprojectsareresponsivetotheactualneedsofthepopulation.However,thesuccessfulimplementationofsmartcitytechnologiesrequiressignificantinvestment,robustdigitalinfrastructure,andcarefulconsiderationofethicalimplications,particularlyconcerningdataprivacyandsecurity.”（讓社區(qū)參與規(guī)劃過程能培養(yǎng)歸屬感，并確保發(fā)展項目能響應人口的實際需求。然而，智能城市技術的成功實施需要大量投資、強大的數(shù)字基礎設施，并仔細考慮倫理問題，特別是數(shù)據(jù)隱私和安全問題。）雖然提到了投資、數(shù)字基礎設施和倫理問題，但文章并未明確指出“Communityinvolvementisdifficulttoachieve”是智能城市發(fā)展的主要挑戰(zhàn)。原文更側(cè)重于技術、倫理和資源等挑戰(zhàn)。E選項“Technicaldifficultiesandresourceconstraints”指技術困難和資源限制，雖然可能是挑戰(zhàn)的一部分，但并非文章強調(diào)的主要挑戰(zhàn)。更準確地說，文章沒有明確指出一個單一的主要挑戰(zhàn)，而是提到了多個方面。如果必須選擇一個，那么“Complexityofdataintegration”可能是其中之一，但原文并未將其列為主要挑戰(zhàn)。因此，這道題的選項設置可能存在問題，或者需要更仔細地閱讀文章來確定哪個選項最符合原文。由于題目要求必須選擇一個，我們選擇E選項作為答案，但需要注意這只是基于原文的推斷，并非文章明確表述的主要挑戰(zhàn)。13.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第四段第一句“Engagingcommunitiesintheplanningprocessfostersasenseofownershipandensuresthatdevelopmentprojectsareresponsivetotheactualneedsofthepopulation.”（讓社區(qū)參與規(guī)劃過程能培養(yǎng)歸屬感，并確保發(fā)展項目能響應人口的實際需求。）可知，社區(qū)參與很重要，因為這樣可以確保發(fā)展項目符合居民的實際需求。C選項“Ensuringprojectsmeetactualneeds”指確保項目滿足實際需求，符合原文。14.A*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Lookingahead,thefutureofurbanizationwilllikelybecharacterizedbyagreateremphasisonsustainability,resilience,andlivability.”（展望未來，城市化的未來可能將以更加重視可持續(xù)性、彈性和宜居性為特征。）可知，未來城市發(fā)展將優(yōu)先考慮可持續(xù)性。A選項“Sustainability”指可持續(xù)性，符合原文。15.E*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“...thetraditionalmodelofurbanplanning,oftenfocusedonexpandingroadnetworksandbuildingmorehousing,hasprovenincreasinglyinadequateinaddressingthesecomplex,interconnectedproblems.”（...傳統(tǒng)的城市規(guī)劃模式，通常關注擴展道路網(wǎng)絡和建造更多住房，在解決這些復雜、相互關聯(lián)的問題方面越來越不足。）可知，傳統(tǒng)模式在應對復雜問題時顯得不足。E選項“Itlackstheabilitytoaddresscomplexinterconnectedproblems”指它缺乏解決復雜相互關聯(lián)問題的能力，符合原文。16.A*解析思路：文章首段提出零工經(jīng)濟的概念及其對雇員和雇主的影響。隨后各段分別從工人角度、企業(yè)角度以及未來展望等方面進行了論述。A選項“Thegigeconomyanditsimpactonworkersandbusinesses”指零工經(jīng)濟及其對工人和的影響，最能概括文章主旨。17.D*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“Flexibilityintermsofworkinghoursandlocationallowsindividualstochooseprojectsthatfittheirschedulesandpreferences.”（在工作時間和地點方面的靈活性使個人能夠選擇適合其日程和偏好的項目。）可知，零工工作的一個優(yōu)勢是靈活性，包括工作和地點的時間安排。D選項“Flexibilityinworkinghoursandlocation”指工作和地點的靈活性，符合原文。18.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“Platformsconnectingfreelancerswithclientshaveproliferatedacrossvarioussectors,fromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesign.”（連接自由職業(yè)者與客戶的平臺在各種行業(yè)（從交通運輸和食品配送到自由寫作和平面設計）中迅速增長。）中的“proliferated”意為“迅速增長，大量出現(xiàn)”。B選項“Expandedrapidly”指迅速擴張，符合原文。19.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第一句“Theincomefromgigworkcanbehighlyunpredictable,fluctuatinggreatlydependingontheavailabilityofprojectsandmarketdemand.”（零工的收入可能非常不穩(wěn)定，根據(jù)項目可用性和市場需求而波動很大。）可知，零工工人的收入不穩(wěn)定，波動很大。C選項“Itishighlyunpredictableandvariable”指它非常不穩(wěn)定且多變，符合原文。20.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第四段第一句“Fromabusinessperspective,thegigeconomyoffersseveraladvantages,includingaccesstoalargepooloftalent,reducedcostsassociatedwithhiringfull-timeemployees,andtheabilitytoscaleoperationsupordownquicklybasedondemand.”（從商業(yè)角度來看，零工經(jīng)濟提供了severaladvantages，包括獲得大量人才、降低招聘全職員工的成本，以及根據(jù)需求快速擴大或縮小運營規(guī)模的能力。）可知，從企業(yè)角度來看，使用零工工人的一個優(yōu)勢是降低成本。B選項“Reducingcosts”指降低成本，符合原文。21.D*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Asthefieldofneurotechnologyadvances,theintegrationofBCIsintodailylifeislikelytobecomemorefeasible.However,responsibledevelopmentanddeploymentrequireamultidisciplinaryapproachinvolvingneuroscientists,engineers,ethicists,andpolicymakers.Byfosteringopendialogueandestablishingclearguidelines,societycannavigatethecomplexethicallandscapeandharnesstheimmensepotentialofBCIstobenefithumanitywhilemitigatingpotentialrisks.”（隨著神經(jīng)技術領域的發(fā)展，BCI融入日常生活的整合可能變得更加可行。然而，負責任的發(fā)展和部署需要一個包括神經(jīng)科學家、工程師、倫理學家和政策制定者的多學科方法。通過促進公開對話和制定明確指南，社會可以在復雜的倫理環(huán)境中導航，利用BCI的巨大潛力造福人類，同時減輕潛在風險。）可知，未來可能會有關于BCI的法規(guī)出臺。D選項“TheemergenceofregulationsgoverningBCIs”指BCI監(jiān)管法規(guī)的出現(xiàn)，符合原文。22.A*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“Byfosteringopendialogueandestablishingclearguidelines,societycannavigatethecomplexethicallandscapeandharnesstheimmensepotentialofBCIstobenefithumanitywhilemitigatingpotentialrisks.”（通過促進公開對話和制定明確指南，社會可以在復雜的倫理環(huán)境中導航，利用BCI的巨大潛力造福人類，同時減輕潛在風險。）可知，作者暗示需要在確保技術倫理和安全與創(chuàng)新發(fā)展之間找到平衡。A選項“Theneedtobalanceinnovationwithethicalconsiderations”指平衡創(chuàng)新與倫理考慮的需要，符合原文。23.B*解析思路：文章首段提出大腦的復雜性和研究現(xiàn)狀，隨后各段分別介紹了BCI的應用、潛力、技術挑戰(zhàn)和倫理問題。最后一段總結BCI的未來發(fā)展和需要解決的問題。B選項“Theexplorationandpotentialapplicationsofbrain-computerinterfaces”指對腦機接口的探索及其潛在應用，最能概括文章主旨。24.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第一句“BCIshaveshowntremendouspromiseinhelpingindividualswithseveremotordisabilitiesregainmobilityorcommunicatemoreeffectively.”（BCI在幫助患有嚴重運動障礙的個體恢復行動能力或更有效地溝通方面顯示出巨大的潛力。）可知，BCI在醫(yī)療領域的一個顯著應用是幫助行動能力嚴重受損的人恢復行動能力。A選項“Helpingseverelydisabledindividualsregainmobility”指幫助嚴重殘疾的個體恢復行動能力，符合原文。25.F*解析思路：根據(jù)第四段第一句“Anothersignificanttechnicalchallengeisthecomplexi