第53頁（共53頁）2025-2026學(xué)年上學(xué)期高二英語外研社版期末必刷?？碱}之閱讀理解一．閱讀理解（共15小題）1．WhenIgrowupInkindergarten，myclasswasaskedtodrawpictures，showingwhatwewantedtobewhenwegrewup.Ourdrawingswereexpectedtodisplayourdreamoccupations.Irememberpicturesofballerinasdancing，firefightersputtingoutablaze，andastronautsleapingacrossthemoon.Mypictureshowedafigurewithbrownhairholdingaboxoforangejuicebesideacounter.Underneathwasmyhandwriting："WhenIgrowup，IwanttoworkatMarketBasketbecauseitwouldbefuntoswipe（刷）orangejuiceacrossthescanner."Outofeverything，myfive﹣year﹣oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.Whenweareyoung，questionsofwhatwewanttobewhenwegrowuparecommon.Yetwearenotexpectedtorespondwithananswerthatislikelytocometrue.However，whenwebecometeens，weareaskedtheverysamequestionstwiceasoften.Thedifferenceis，nowwearesupposedtoanswerwithconfidence.Teensareexpectedtoknowexactlywhatwewanttobeandhowwewillfavorthatgoal.However，notallofuscanbesosure.EventhoughIaminhighschool，Icannotanswerwithsupportiveideas.ButIdon'tconsiderthatabadthing.HowamIsupposedtoknowwhatIwillwanttospendmytimedoingatage40？WhenIthinkaboutthefuture，Idefinitelydon'tseemyselfworkingatMarketBasket，butinreality，ifthatwaswhatwouldmakemehappy，Iwoulddoit.So，thenexttimesomeoneasksmewhatIwanttobewhenIgrowup，Iwillsimplysay"happy".Happinessisadestinationforeveryone.Wemaywanttowalkdifferentpathsinlife，butweallwanttobehappywhereverweendup.Chooseyourpath，butdon'tworrytoomuchaboutchoosingwisely.Makeamistakeortwoandtrynewthings.Butalwaysremember，ifyou'renothappy，you'renotattheendofyourjourneyyet.（1）Whatdidtheauthorwanttobewhenhewasinkindergarten？A．Anastronaut.B．Afirefighter.C．Adancer.D．Acashier.（2）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．kindergartnersareabletofindouttheirdreamjobswithconfidenceB．kindergartnershavelimitedimaginationoftheirdreamoccupationsC．teenagersaresupposedtobeclearaboutwhattheywanttobeD．teenagerssticktothepaththeychosewhentheywereyoung（3）Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat.A．theprincipleofgrowthliesinhumanchoiceB．happinessisthemeaningofexistenceC．itisnevertoolatetocorrectmistakesD．yourfuturedependsonyourdreams（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？A．Differentstagesoflife.B．Careerguidance.C．Therealgoaloflife.D．Careerpaths.2．Inmanydevelopednations，environmentalgroupschallengetheviewthatwaterfromabottleishealthierthanthatfromatap（水龍頭）.TheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil，whichcarriedoutafour﹣yearreviewofthebottledwaterindustry，concluded"thereisnoguarantee（保證）thatjustbecausewatercomesoutofabottle，itisanycleanerorsaferthanwaterfromthetap".TheNewYorkCity﹣basedactiongroupaddedthatabout25percentofbottledwateris"reallyjusttapwaterinabottle﹣sometimestreated，sometimesnot".InGreatBritaintheCharteredInstitutionofWaterandEnvironmentalManagementrecentlypublishedareportquestioningthequalityofbottledwater."Makingbottledwaterwheretherealreadyexistsahealthyandsafesupplyofdrinkingwatercannotbeseenassustainable（可持續(xù)的）useofnaturalresources，"saidNickReeves，theinstitution'sexecutivedirector.Hesaidtheviewthatbottledwaterispurerthantapwaterisunfounded."Forexample，"hesaid，"thehighmineralcontentofsomebottledwatermakesitunsuitableforbabiesandyoungchildren."ButtheInternationalBottledWaterAssociation（IBWA）pointsoutthatbottledwaterisfullycontrolledbygovernmentagencies，suchastheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration，andisguaranteedtobesafetodrink.Meanwhile，inmanydevelopingcountries，tapwateriseitherunavailableorunsafe，makingbottledwaterabetterchoice.Evenwhenbottledwaterissafertodrink，campaignerssaythatthepackaging（包裝）isthreateningenvironmentalhealth.Worldwidesome2.7milliontonsofplasticareusedtobottlewatereachyear，andabout86percentofplasticwaterbottlesintheU.S.becomegarbage，whichdoesalotofdamagetotheenvironment，accordingtotheContainerRecyclingInstituteinWashingtonD.C.Tohelpreduceenvironmentalharmfromplastic，somecompaniesareadoptingmoreeco﹣friendlybottlingchoice.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A．Environmentalgroupsthinkthatpeopleshoulddrinkmorebottledwater.B．Bottledwateriscleanerandsafertodrinkthantapwaterbecauseitcomesfromabottle.C．Environmentalgroupsdoubtifwaterfromabottleishealthierthanthatfromatap.D．TheNaturalResourcesDefenseCounciladvisedpeopletodrinktapwater.（2）Theunderlinedword"purer"inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans"".A．moreexpensiveB．moreeco﹣friendlyC．morereliableD．morenatural（3）Accordingtothepassage，whatisthedisadvantageofbottledwater？A．Thebottlesaremadeofplastic.B．Watersafetycan'tbecontrolled.C．Itcanonlybeusedindevelopingcountries.D．Fewplasticbottlesarenotrecycled.（4）Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows？A．Thefutureofbottledwater.B．Howtomakebottledwatersafer.C．Howtomakethemostoftapwater.D．Anenvironmentallyfriendlywaytobottlewater.3．Buildingafive﹣starhotelinthemiddleofavaluablewilderness（荒野）withoutdamaging（破壞）theenvironmentmightnotbeeasy，butitisfarfromimpossible.TheKingPacificLodgeinBritishColumbia'sGreatBearRainforestshowsthatifenoughcareandattentionistaken，thetaskispossible.Unlikemanyotherhotelbuildingplans，notreeswerecutdownandnolandwaswastedtobuildit.TheLodgedoesnothavethesamelocation（位置）butsitsonafloatingboatpulledintotheseabayinMay，tillSeptember.Thosewishingtostayinoneofitsseventeenroomsmustaccessitbyboatorseaplane.EachgueststayingattheLodgeischarged3%tax（稅）ontheprotectionofthenaturalresources，butisgiventhechancetoseewhalesandbears.AndsincethesearethemainattractionsoftheareaandoftheLodge，themanagementknowswellthatinordertostayinbusinesstheymustmaketheareauntouched.In2000，theLodgemanagementsignedanagreementwiththenative（本土的）Gitga'atpeople.Togethertheyworkforthebenefitofthearea.TheLodgeknowsthatthenativetribe（部落）istheownersoftheland，soitpaysthetribefortheuseoftheirlandandevensupportsthenativeyouthandemploysthetribe'speople.They，inturn，teachthenewcomersaboutthelocalculture.TheKingPacificLodgeisoneofagrowingnumberoftourismcompaniesthatmanagetominimizetheirenvironmentaldamagetowintheapproval（批準(zhǔn)）ofthelocalgovernmentwheretheysetuptheirbusiness.Thesecompaniespaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionandarecarefultousenaturalresourcesandprotectendangeredanimals.Realizinghowdestructivetourismcanbe，theywanttoavoidthelove﹣it﹣to﹣deatheffectoftourism.（1）Fromthepassage，weknowthattheKingPacificLodge.A．followsotherhotels'buildingplansB．islesspopularamongtouristsC．isfarawayfromanimportantwildernessD．hasbeencreatedaftercarefulconsideration（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE？A．TheKingPacificLodgeisinanareawithoutanytrees.B．TheKingPacificLodgecanbemovedfromplacetoplace.C．GuestsintheKingPacificLodgecantakepartinprogramsabouttheprotectionofnature.D．GuestsintheKingPacificLodgehavetopayextramoneyfortheboattogetthere.（3）AccordingtoParagraph3，welearnthatsomeofthenativepeople.A．wanttolearnthenewcomers'cultureB．a(chǎn)renotwillingtoselltheirlandC．a(chǎn)reemployedbylocalgovernmenttoworkfortheLodgeD．mayhavethechancetoworkattheLodge（4）Accordingtothepassage，thetouristindustry.A．willalwaysdoharmtotheenvironmentB．careslittleabouttheimportanceofenvironmentallyfriendlytourismC．candolessdamagetotheenvironmentD．a(chǎn)lwayshasadisagreementwiththelocalgovernment4．Iusedtobecrazyaboutthehuntingseason．Theexcitementofwaitingforaprey（獵物）andtheprideofshowingoffthekillfascinatedme．However，everythingchangedafterthatcoldmorning．Earlyonthatdayofthelatefall，Isetoffaloneforthewoods，packingagun，abottleofhotcoffeeandthreethicksandwiches．Afterfindingthefreshdeer'stracksinthesnow，Isettleddownbehindalittlebush．Isatthereforaboutanhour．ItwasthenthatIsawhim．Adeer，abigbeautifuldeer!Therewasnocovernearertohimthan30yards．SurelyIcouldn'tmiss!IwaitedforhimtorealizeIwasthere．Iwaitedforhimtobeshockedandrunaway．Buthefooledmecompletely．Hecametowardsme!Hewascurious，Isuppose，ormaybehewasstupidhowelsecanyouexplainit？Well，thatdeerwalkedrightuptowhereIwassitting．Thenhestoppedandlookedatme!Whathappenednextishardtobelieve，butit'strue．Anditallseemedquitenatural．Justaswhenafriendlyyoungdeercomesnearyou，Ireachedupandscratched（撓）hishead．Andhelikedtobescratched．Infact，hepracticallyaskedformore．Then，Ifedhimmysandwich!Yes，Iknowwhatadeereats，butthatdeeratemysandwichWell，hefinallywenthisway，downthehillandupthedeertrail．Shoothim？Notme．Youwouldn'thaveeither，notafterthatIjustwatchedhimgo．WhenIwasabouthalfwayback，Iheardtwoshots，followedbyadullslam（撞擊）afewsecondslater．Thosetwoshotsusuallymeanakill．Ihadforgottentherewereotherhuntersthatday．Thosehunterswouldneverknowtheycouldhavescratchedhishead．（1）Whydidn'ttheauthorkillthedeer？A．Hepreferredtoshootashydeer．B．Hewasfooledbythetrickydeer．C．Hewassympatheticforthedeer．D．Hewastooshockedtoshootthedeer．（2）Whatmostprobablyhappenedtothedeerintheend？A．Otherhuntersshotthedeertodeath．B．Otherhuntersscratchedthedeer'sheadtoo．C．Thedeermanagedtoescapefrombeingshot．D．Thedeerwouldbecomefriendswiththeauthor．（3）What'sthebesttitleofthistext？A．AHuntinginLateFall．B．ALovelyDeer．C．TheCruelKilling．D．TheLastHunting．5．Likeallbigcities，Parishasatrafficproblem：lotsofcars，lotsoftrafficjamsandlotsofpollutionfromexhaustfumes（廢氣）．Sothecitybeganaprojecttoimprovethesituation.UndertheVelibproject（'Velib'comesfromvéloliberté，or'bicyclefreedom'），peoplecantakeabicycle，useitforaslongastheywant，andthenleaveitatthesameoranotherbicyclestation.Thefirsthalf﹣houronthebikeisfree，butifyoudon'treturnitafter30minutes，youhavetopay.Butit'sonly€1adayor€29ayear!Thebicyclesareheavy（25kg），andtheyareallgreyandhavebaskets.Thereareabout20，000oftheminthecity，andaround1，450bicyclestations.SotherearealotmoreVelibstationsthanthe298subwaystations!Parisisnotthefirstcitytohaveaprojectlikethis.Butnoteverybodythinksit'sagreatidea.OneParisiansaid，"Thesebicyclesareonlyforshortjourneys.Ifpeoplewanttotravelacrossthecity，theywon'tuseabicycle—they'llstillusetheircars."Acityspokesmansaid，"Thebicycleprojectwon'tsolveallourtrafficproblems，ofcourse.Butitmighthelpreduceairpollution.Traffic，togetherwithfactoryfumes，isabigproblem.Therearen'tanysimpleanswerstotrafficproblemsandpollutionincities.Butunlesswedosomethingnow，therewillbemoretrafficjamsandtemperatureswillcontinuetorise，sotheproblemsinourenvironmentwillgetworse.Thebikesmighthelppeopletoleadahealthierlife，too."（1）WhatcanwelearnabouttheVelibproject？A．Itsbikeshavenobaskets.B．Itsbikesarelightandcolorful.C．Itaimstomaketravelingeasier.D．Itownsmorestationsthanthesubway.（2）IfyouuseaVelibforhalfanhour，youshouldpay.A．forfreeB．€1C．€29D．€30（3）WhydosomepeopledisagreewiththeVelibproject？A．Thecostisratherhigh.B．It'shardtofindaVelibstation.C．It'snotsuitableforalongjourney.D．ThedistancebetweentwoVelibstationsislong.（4）What'sthecityspokesman'sattitudetowardsthebicycleproject？A．Worried.B．Positive.C．Uncaring.D．Doubtful.6．ThemostpopularoftheamusementparksinCanadaisParamountCanada'sWonderland.ThisparkfrequentlygetsthemostvisitorsofanyseasonalparkinNorthAmerica.Onereasonisitsnumbersofwildrides.Foryoungerkids，thetelevisioncharactersareveryexciting.YoucanseeFredFlinstone，SpongeBobSquarePantsorDoratheExplorer.Thereareoftenridesstarringthesecharactersthataremorepopularamongyoungerchildren.Thereareplentyoffantasticshowsforfamiliestowatchaswell.What'smore，theadmissiontotheparkincludesthenearbySplashWorks.AnotherpopularthemeparkisGalaxylandAmusementPark.Amusementpark'sfunshouldn'tbelimitedtojustthesummermonths，andGalaxylandisawareofthis.Astheworld'slargestindooramusementpark，Galaxylandpacksinit25breathtakingridesandattractions.Itisalsohometooneoftheworld'slargestindoorrollercoasters.GalaxylandremainsoneofthemostpopularthemeparksinCanadaforolderchildrenbecauseofattractionsliketheRock'N'RideDanceParty.Thispartycombinesmusic，musicvideosandunlimitedridesfrom8pmtomidnight.OneofthemostvisitedamusementparksinCanadaonthewestcoastisPlayland.Playland，unlikeotherCanadianthemeparks，hasalonghistoryinitscity.Playlandhasallthefunofacarnival，withscaryhouses，merry﹣go﹣rounds（旋轉(zhuǎn)木馬）andaferriswheel.Therearealsomodernadditionsinthepark，likeaclimbingwallforkidsandavideogameroom.Playlandisopenfromspringthroughfall，thoughonlyonweekendsandholidaysbeforeJune18andafterSeptember1st.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutParamountCanada'sWonderland？A．ItisthelargestseasonalparkinCanada.B．Itoffersmanyinterestingshowstovisitors.C．Itsridesstarmanycharacterspopularamongadults.D．IthasthebiggestnumberofvisitorsofalltheCanadianparks.（2）WhatmakesPlaylanddifferentfromotherCanadianthemeparks？A．Itslargeindoorrollercoaster.B．Itsvideogameroom.C．Itslocation.D．Itslonghistory.（3）Whatdothesethreepopularthemeparkshaveincommon？A．Theyallhaveattractionsforchildren.B．Theyallopenthroughouttheyear.C．Theyallhavepartiesatnight.D．Theyarealloutdoorparks.（4）Thetextismainlyintendedto.A．encouragepeopletotravelinCanadaB．comparedifferentthemeparksinCanadaC．introducesomepopularCanadianthemeparksD．offersometipsonvisitingthemeparksinCanada7．Backin1969，itwastheApollo11crewwhoflewtothemooninaspaceship.WhenU.S.astronautsNeilArmstrongandEdwin"Buzz"Aldrinsteppedfootonthemoon，theywerethefirst.Meanwhile，theirfellowastronautMichaelCoilinscircledthemoonintheirspaceship，namedColumbia.WhenArmstrongandAldrinweredonewiththeirwalk，theyreturnedtothecommandmodule，andbacktoEarth.ThatpartofthespaceshipisonviewattheSmithsonian'sAirandSpaceMuseuminWashington，D.C.But，ifyoucannotgettoWashington，soonyouwillbeabletoseeColumbiaonyourcomputeroryoursmartphone.Digitalscientistsarescanningtheinsideofthespaceship.Theyarecreatinganonlinemodel，inthreedimensions，or"3D".Bylookingatthesephotographs，youwillbeabletoseeouterspace，thewaytheastronautsdid.Itwillbelikesittingintheirseats.WantyourveryownColumbiaspaceship？Youwillbeabletoprinta3DcopyofColumbia.Expertssayanyonecanmakealife﹣sizedmodel.Buttheyexpectmostpeopletomakesmallermodelsofthe320×400cm（11'×13'）commandmodule.Scientistsareusingspecial3Dtechnologytoscantheinside.Theyusecamerasonlongarmstotakethephotographs.Thethousandsofphotographstakenwillbecombinedwith50laserscans.WhatwoulditbeliketositinsideColumbiaandtakealookaround？Alltheimageswillbeloadedintosoftwarethatallowsyoutolookaroundthemoduleonacomputerscreen.TheuserwillbeabletoseetheColumbiabothinsideandout.TheSmithsoniansaysthatthe3Dtechnologygivestheuserwaystoseethingstheycannotseeatthemuseum.Anditwillgiveinformationthateventhemuseumcurators（館長）havenotseenbefore."WiththeCommandModule，noonehasbeeninsidesinceitcameintothecollection，"saysAdamMetallo.Smithsonian3Dimagingspecialist."Nowtheinformationwecapturecangiveanyoneintheworldaviewofwhatitlookslikeinsidethisincrediblepieceofhistory."（1）TheauthormentionsmoonlandingoftheApollo11to.A．introducethetopicB．honourtheastronautsC．markthemilestoneeventD．drawattentiontospaceresearch（2）Accordingtothetext，people.A．a(chǎn)readvisedtomakealife﹣sizedmodelB．cancloneaspaceshipwith3DtechnologyC．willvisitacopyofColumbiainthemuseumD．canbuyacopiedColumbiaspaceshipinthemuseum（3）What'stheadvantageofacopiedspaceship？A．Itcanattractmorevisitors.B．Itcanhelplookfarintotheuniverse.C．Itmakes3Dtechnologymorepopular.D．Itprovidesmoreknowledgethanthemuseum.（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext？A．Apollo11Spacecraftlandsinyoursmartphone.B．3Dtechnology，thenewwaytoexplorespace.C．Landingonthemoon，amilestoneinspacetravel.D．Anonlinemodelshowsyouhowtolandonthemoon.8．Chinaisshowingtheworlditsgreatresolveintheglobalclimatecampaignwithconcreteandself﹣motivatedeffortsaswellasseriouscommitment.AttheopeningceremonyoftheParisclimatesummit，ChinesePresidentXiJinpingrestatedChina'splanmadeinJunetocutitscarbonemissions（排放）perunitofGDPby60﹣65percentfrom2005levelsby2030，andincreasenon﹣fossilfuelsourcesinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoabout20percent.Withalargepopulation，Chinaisfacingincreasingresourcelimits，severeenvironmentalpollutionandaworseningecosystem，anditscitizensarealsobecomingincreasinglyawareofenvironmentalproblems.Sufferingenvironmentalproblemsandseeingtheeffortsasimportanttotransformingitseconomicgrowthpattern，thecountryhasmuchatriskifclimatechangeisleftunattended.Actually，climatechangeeffortsarealreadyincludedinChina'smedium—andlong﹣termprogramofeconomicandsocialdevelopment，andecologicaleffortsaretheclearcharacteristicsinChina's13thFive﹣YearPlan（2016﹣2020）.Althoughitisandwillbeadevelopingcountryforalongtimetocome，Chinahasbeenactivelyinvolvedintheglobalcampaignagainstclimatechange，nowtoppingtheworldintermsofenergyconservationanduseofnewandrenewableenergies.However，China'sdevelopmentrightsneedtoberespected.ItisunfairtooverstressChina'sstatusasoneoftheworld'slargestgreenhousegasemittersandregarditasthemajorpartofresponsibilitiesintheglobalfightagainstclimatechange.ItisworthyofnoticethatChina'semissionsofgreenhousegasesperpersonarefarlowerthanthoseofdevelopedcountries，especiallytheUnitedStates，althoughrapideconomicexpansionanditspopulationbasehavemadeitoneofthebiggestproducersofthegases.Toshowitsgreatresolve，BeijinginSeptemberalsoannouncedtheestablishmentofanindependentSouth﹣Southcooperationfundof20billionRMBtohelpdevelopingcountriesaffectedbyglobalwarming.WhileChinaiseagerlyaccomplishingitspolicycommitments，developedcountriesshouldstopquestioningChina'scommitmenttofightingclimatechangeandpointingfingers，andstartshoulderingtheirdueresponsibilitiesinstead.（1）Chinaisself﹣motivatedtofightagainstclimatechangeinorderto.A．toptheworldB．transformitseconomicpatternC．solveitspopulationproblemD．respondtopressurefromdevelopedcountries（2）Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph7refersto.A．ChinaB．theUnitedStatesC．economicexpansionD．thepopulationbase（3）Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A．Chinawillcompletelyusenon﹣fossilfuelsby2030B．ChinawillcarryoutitsplanbystoppingitsdevelopmentC．ChineseemitmoregreenhousegasesthanAmericansonaverageD．somedevelopedcountriesarenottakingontheirdueresponsibilities（4）WhichofthefollowingisasignofChina'sself﹣motivatedfightagainstclimatechange？A．Expandingitseconomy.B．Usingnon﹣renewableenergies.C．MakingitpartofChina's13thFive﹣YearPlan.D．Donatingmoneytodevelopingcountries.9．Whenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983，twoscientists，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds，VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening？Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother？Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches，andso，ineffect，wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto"overhear"thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged，butitwasn'tatrue，intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin，over150yearsago，imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate（親密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.（1）Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack？A．Itmakesnoises.B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly.D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.（2）Whatdoestheauthormeanby"thetablesareturned"inParagraph3？A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.（3）Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.A．predictnaturaldisastersB．protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC．talktooneanotherintentionallyD．helptheirneighborswhennecessary（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？A．Thewordischangingfasterthanever.B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C．Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D．PeopleinDarwin'stimewereimaginative.10．Somecaterpillars'warningsignals（信號）mayhaveevolved（進(jìn)化）fromwalking.Ateam，writinginthejournalNatureCommunications，reportedthatthehair﹣likestructuresthelivingthingsusetomakesoundsevolvedfromlegs.Theteamstudiedcaterpillarswhichusethesestructurestocommunicatetheirownershipofleaves.Thismeansthecaterpillarsareableto"tell"strangerstogoawaywithoutriskinginjuryinfighting."Thesearereallyinterestingcaterpillars，"saidDr.JayneYackfromCarletonUniversityinOttawa，Canada，wholedtheresearch."Theymakesignalsusinghair﹣likestructureswhichareontheirbackends."Thecaterpillarsdragthesestructuresacrosstheleaftomakescraping（刺耳的）soundswhenstrangersentertheareaoftheirleaves."Whentheymakethissignal，thestrangersleave，"explainedDr.Yack."It'slikesaying'I'mhere，getoutofhere﹣Ialreadyownthisleaf'."Thescientistslookedatotherspecies（物種）withinthesamegroupofcaterpillarsandcreatedtheir"familytree".Theyusedchemicalmarkers（標(biāo)記物）toworkouttherelationshipbetweentheanimals，showingwhichinthegroupwerethemoreancientspeciesandwhichspeciesevolvedmorerecently."Thosemoreancientspeciesactuallydon'thavethesesound﹣producingstructures.Theyhavelegsthattheyusetowalktowardsstrangers，"saidDr.Yack.Thesemoreancientspecies，sheexplained，walktowardsstrangersandtrytofightagainstthem."Theycankilleachotherinthefighting，"Dr.Yackadded.Shesaidthattheevolutionofthescrapingshowhadallowedthecaterpillarstosolvetheirfightingwithoutinjury."Soourideaisthatthesesignalsactuallyavoidharmtobothsides﹣theysolvefightinginamore'friendly'way."Thestudyalsoprovidesamapofanevolutionaryprocessthatmanyotherbiologistsareresearching.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutcaterpillars'warningstructuresfromthetext？A．Theyhavethesameuseashair.B．Theyarefoundincaterpillars'heads.C．Theyareusedtofightagainststrangers.D．Theymayhaveevolvedfromcaterpillars'legs.（2）Accordingtothetext，Dr.Yack'steamdidNOT.A．drawafamilytreeofcaterpillarsB．createamaptoshowhowcaterpillarsevolveC．studyspecieswithinthesamegroupofcaterpillarsD．makecleartherelationshipbetweendifferentspeciesofcaterpillars（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inthefifthparagraphreferto？A．Theancientspecies.B．Thechemicalmarkers.C．Thesound﹣producingstructures.D．Themorerecentlyevolvedspecies.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext？A．Howcaterpillarsevolved.B．Howcaterpillarswarnstrangers.C．Communicationbetweencaterpillars.D．Caterpillars'warningsignalsevolvedfromwalking.11．Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace，butplantscannot，Whenananimalisunderattack，itcanrunawayorfightback，Plantscertainlycannotrunaway，andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample，theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines（刺）thatdiscouragegrass﹣eatinganimals.Hollyonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants，suchastheoaktree，havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassmaycontainasandymaterial；eatingsuchgrasswearsdowntheanimals'teeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar（毛蟲）bitesatobaccoleaf，theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstheroot