2025年GRE語文考試真題集考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______Section1TextCompletionReadthefollowingsentencesandselecttheanswers,oneforeachblank,thatbestcompletethemeaningofthewholesentence.Somequestionsmayrequiretheselectionofonlyoneanswer.1.Despiteconsiderableadvancesinrenewableenergytechnology,widespreadadoptionhasbeen________byfactorssuchasinfrastructurelimitationsandinitialinvestmentcosts.A.hinderedB.facilitatedC.acceleratedD.analyzedE.encouragedF.standardized2.Thenovel'sprotagonist,acharacteroftendismissedas________,surprisinglyrevealsprofoundintrospectionandmoralcomplexitybeneathhis__________外表.A.shallow.B.enigmaticC.hypocritical.D.simplisticE.nuanced.F.guarded3.Researchersfoundthatthenewlydiscoveredspeciesexhibitsauniquesymbioticrelationshipwithitshostecosystem,________itssurvivalwhileinadvertently__________thehost'sreproductivecapacity.A.enhancing.B.threateningC.preserving.D.jeopardizingE.complementing.F.promotingSentenceEquivalenceSelecttwoanswerchoicesthat,whenusedtogether,formasentencethatislogicallyconsistentandcompletesthethoughtinthemainclause.4.Althoughtheinitialprojectionsfortheproject'sprofitabilityseemedoverlyoptimistic,thesubsequentmarketanalysisdemonstratedthattherevenuestreamscouldbesubstantially__________.A.augmentedB.diversifiedC.underestimatedD.consolidatedE.allocatedF.anticipated5.Thephilosopherarguedthattrueunderstandingrequiresnotmerelytheaccumulationoffacts,butalsothe__________ofone'spreconceivednotionsinthefaceofcontradictoryevidence.A.rejectionB.reinforcementC.modificationD.celebrationE.isolationF.concealmentSection2ReadingComprehensionSixpassagesareprovidedbelow.Eachpassageisfollowedbyanumberofquestionsbasedonit.Afterreadingapassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Answerallquestionsbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.Passage1Theindustrialrevolutionmarkedapivotalmomentinhumanhistory,fundamentallyalteringsocietalstructuresandenvironmentallandscapes.Whileitspurredunprecedentedeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation,italsointroducednewchallengesthatcontinuetoresonatetoday.Theriseoffactoriesandmassproductionledtourbanizationonanunprecedentedscale,strainingexistinginfrastructureandcreatingsocialstratification.Simultaneously,therelianceonfossilfuelsbegantoreshapeecosystems,withairandwaterpollutionbecomingincreasinglyprevalentconcerns.Criticsarguethattheshort-termeconomicgainscameatalong-termenvironmentalcost,atrade-offthatsocietiesarestillgrapplingwithtwocenturieslater.Thelegacyofthiseraisthuscomplex,embodyingboththedynamismofhumanprogressandtheenduringconsequencesofindustrialization.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasasignificantconsequenceoftheindustrialrevolution?7.Theword"spurred"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:8.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttherelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalimpactduringtheindustrialrevolution?9.Thepassagementions"socialstratification"and"ecosystemicstrain"asresultsofurbanization.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldmostlogicallyfollowthisstatementtofurtherelaborateonthesocialaspect?A.Manyurbanresidentsexperiencedadeclineinlivingstandardsduetoovercrowdingandinadequatesanitation.B.Technologicaladvancementsduringthisperiodwereprimarilyfocusedonagriculturalimprovements.C.Theconcentrationofindustriesinurbanareasledtoasignificantincreaseinpopulationdensity.D.Environmentalregulationswereimplementedtomitigatethenegativeimpactsofindustrialpollution.E.Theindustrialworkforceoftenfacedharshconditions,includinglonghoursandlowwages.Passage2Intherealmofcognitivescience,theconceptof"mentalmodels"hasgainedconsiderabletractionasaframeworkforunderstandinghowindividualsprocessinformationandmakedecisions.Amentalmodel,essentially,isaninternalrepresentationofhowsomethingworks,allowingpeopletoanticipateoutcomesandtroubleshootproblems.Proponentsofthistheoryarguethatthedevelopmentandrefinementofthesemodelsarecrucialforeffectiveproblem-solvingandlearning.Byconstructingaccuratementalmodels,individualscannavigatecomplexsituationswithgreaterconfidenceandefficiency.However,theprocessisnotwithoutitschallenges.Cognitivebiasesandlimitedinformationcanleadtotheformationofflawedorincompletemodels,potentiallyresultinginpoorjudgments.Therefore,fosteringmetacognitiveawareness—theabilitytoreflectonone'sownthinkingprocesses—isessentialforidentifyingandcorrectinginaccuraciesinmentalmodels.10.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?11.Theword"traction"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:12.Accordingtothepassage,whatfactorcancontributetotheformationofflawedmentalmodels?13.Thepassagediscussesthebenefitsandchallengesofusingmentalmodels.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestsummarizetheauthor'sconcludingpointaboutaddressingthesechallenges?A.Advancedcomputationaltoolsarenowbeingdevelopedtoassistinthecreationofmoreaccuratementalmodels.B.Educationalprogramsshouldprioritizeteachingstudentshowtorecognizeandovercomecognitivebiases.C.Thestudyofmentalmodelsisprimarilyrelevantforexpertsinfieldssuchaspsychologyandneuroscience.D.Individualswhoactivelyengageinreflectivepracticetendtodevelopmorerobustmentalmodelsovertime.E.Mentalmodelsaremosteffectivewhentheyarekeptsimpleandeasilyunderstandable.Passage3Theglobalclimatecrisisnecessitatesareevaluationofourrelationshipwithnaturalresourcesandtheenvironmentalimpactofhumanactivities.Traditionaleconomicmodels,whichoftenprioritizegrowthandconsumption,havebeencriticizedforoverlookingthefinitenatureofplanetaryresourcesandtheself-correctingmechanismsofecosystems.Environmentaleconomistsarguefortheintegrationofsustainabilityprinciplesintopolicy-making,suggestingthatthetruecostofresourcesshouldbereflectedinmarketprices.Thisapproach,theycontend,couldincentivizemoreresponsibleconsumptionandthedevelopmentofcleanertechnologies.Whilethetransitiontoamoresustainableeconomypresentssignificanteconomicandpoliticalhurdles,thelong-termviabilityofhumancivilizationmaydependonourabilitytoadoptsuchmeasures.Thechallenge,therefore,liesnotonlyintechnologicalinnovationbutalsoinfosteringaculturalshifttowardsgreaterenvironmentalawarenessandresponsibility.14.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses:15.Theword"necessitates"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyargumentofenvironmentaleconomistsregardingtraditionaleconomicmodels?17.Thepassagehighlightsboththechallengesandtheimportanceoftransitioningtoamoresustainableeconomy.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestcapturetheauthor'sfinalpointaboutthenatureofthistransition?A.Internationalcooperationandagreementsareessentialforachievingglobalenvironmentalgoals.B.Theprivatesectorhasacrucialroletoplayindrivinginnovationforsustainabletechnologies.C.Publicopinionplaysaminimalroleinshapingenvironmentalpolicyandeconomicdecisions.D.Short-termeconomicbenefitsshouldalwaysbeprioritizedoverlong-termenvironmentalconsiderations.E.Culturalchangeisamorechallengingaspectofsustainabilitythantechnologicaldevelopment.Passage4Incontemporaryliterature,theexplorationofidentityhasbecomeincreasinglynuanced,reflectingthecomplexityofhumanexperienceinaglobalizedworld.Authorsarenolongerconfinedbytraditionalnotionsoffixedidentities,insteaddelvingintothefluidandintersectionalnatureofselfhood.Thistrendisevidentinnarrativesthattraverseculturalboundaries,challengingreaderstoconfrontstereotypesandembracemultiplicity.Postcolonialandfeministtheorieshavesignificantlyinfluencedthisliterarylandscape,promptingareexaminationofhowpowerstructuresandhistoricallegaciesshapeindividualandcollectiveidentities.Byportrayingcharacterswhograpplewithconflictingloyaltiesandhybrididentities,theseworksinvitereaderstoquestionbinaryoppositionsandconsidertheconstructedaspectsofidentity.Theresultingnarrativesareoftenrich,provocative,anddeeplyhuman,offeringinsightsintotheuniversalquestforself-understanding.18.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?19.Theword"nuanced"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:20.Accordingtothepassage,whatfactorshaveinfluencedthecontemporaryexplorationofidentityinliterature?21.Thepassagediscusseshowliteratureportraysidentityanditsimpactonreaders.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestillustratetheconsequenceofengagingwithsuchliteratureasdescribed?A.Readerswhoexplorehybrididentitiesthroughliteratureoftenreportfeelingmoreconnectedtodiverseculturalgroups.B.Thecommercialsuccessofnovelsdealingwithidentityissueshasdeclinedinrecentyears.C.Criticsarguethatcontemporaryliteratureoftenoversimplifiescomplexidentityissues.D.Charactersinmodernnovelsaretypicallymorestaticandlessreflectiveofreal-lifecomplexities.E.Manyreadersfinditdifficulttorelatetotheexperiencesofcharacterswithidentitiesdifferentfromtheirown.Passage5Thedigitalagehasfundamentallytransformedthewayinformationisdisseminatedandconsumed,posingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallengesfortraditionalmediaoutlets.Theriseoftheinternetandsocialmediahasdemocratizedthecreationandsharingofcontent,allowingindividualsandsmallerorganizationstoreachaudiencespreviouslyaccessibleonlytoestablishedinstitutions.Thisphenomenonhasledtoamorediversemedialandscapebuthasalsofragmentedaudiencesandcomplicatedtheabilitytogenerateconsistentrevenue.Advertisers,traditionallyreliantonbroad-castmedia,nowfacethechallengeofreachingconsumersinafragmenteddigitalenvironment.Asaresult,mediacompaniesareincreasinglyexploringnewbusinessmodels,suchassubscriptionservicesanddirect-to-consumerplatforms,toadapttothechanginglandscape.Thefutureofmediaremainsuncertain,butitscontinuedevolutionislikelytobeshapedbytechnologicalinnovationandtheevolvingpreferencesofconsumers.22.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?23.Theword"disseminated"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:24.Accordingtothepassage,whatchallengedoadvertisersfaceinthedigitalage?25.Thepassagedescribesthetransformationsinthemedialandscapeandtheadaptationsbeingmade.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestsummarizetheauthor'sperspectiveontheongoingevolutionofmedia?A.Regulatorybodiesareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingthedigitalmedialandscape.B.Thedeclineofprintmediaisirreversible,andallresourcesshouldbefocusedondigitalplatforms.C.Collaborationbetweentraditionalmediaoutletsanddigitalplatformscouldleadtomoresustainablebusinessmodels.D.Technologicaladvancementswillultimatelydeterminethesuccessorfailureofmediacompaniesinthedigitalage.E.Consumerpreferencesaretheprimarydriverofchangeinthemediaindustry.Passage6Theconceptof"culturalheritage"encompassesthetangibleandintangibleaspectsofasociety'spastthatareconsideredvaluableandworthyofpreservation.Thisincludeshistoricalartifacts,architecturallandmarks,traditionalpractices,performingarts,andlinguistictraditions,amongotherelements.Thepreservationofculturalheritageiswidelyrecognizedasessentialformaintainingculturaldiversityandprovidingasenseofcontinuityandidentityforcommunities.However,thetaskofsafeguardingthisheritageiscomplicatedbyvariousfactors,includingrapidurbanization,climatechange,andconflict.Manysitesandtraditionsfacethreatsfromneglect,lackofresources,orunsustainabletourismpractices.Internationalorganizations,suchasUNESCO,playacrucialroleincoordinatingeffortstoprotectculturalheritage,settingstandards,andprovidingsupporttocountriesinneed.Despitetheseefforts,thelossofculturalheritageremainsasignificantconcern,highlightingtheneedforongoingcommitmentandinnovativeapproachestoitspreservation.26.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses:27.Theword"encompasses"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:28.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthechallengesfacedinpreservingculturalheritage?29.Thepassagementionsboththeimportanceofculturalheritageandtheinternationaleffortstoprotectit.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestreflecttheauthor'sconcludingthoughtontheurgencyofthisendeavor?A.Publicawarenesscampaignsareessentialforgeneratingsupportforculturalheritagepreservationinitiatives.B.Economicdevelopmentshouldalwaystakeprecedenceovereffortstoprotectculturalheritagesites.C.Theroleofgovernmentsinfundingculturalheritageprojectsisminimalcomparedtointernationalorganizations.D.Technologicalsolutions,suchasdigitalarchiving,offerpromisingavenuesforpreservingculturalheritageinthefaceofmodernchallenges.E.Withoutsustainedinternationalcooperation,thelossofculturalheritagewillinevitablyaccelerate.---試卷答案Section1TextCompletion1.A,F*解析：句意表示盡管可再生能源技術(shù)進步了，但廣泛采用卻被某些因素阻礙了。空格應(yīng)填入表示負(fù)面阻礙的詞。A.hindered（阻礙）符合句意。F.standardized（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）與句意相反，應(yīng)為負(fù)面因素，但結(jié)合A更能表達“被阻礙”的意思。其他選項B.facilitated（促進），C.accelerated（加速），D.analyzed（分析），E.encouraged（鼓勵）均與句意不符。2.B,D*解析：句意表示主角通常被認(rèn)為是什么，但出乎意料地展現(xiàn)了深刻的內(nèi)省和道德復(fù)雜性。第一個空應(yīng)填入與“深刻內(nèi)省和道德復(fù)雜性”相反的詞，B.enigmatic（神秘的，難以理解的）符合句意。第二個空應(yīng)填入與“深刻內(nèi)省和道德復(fù)雜性”外表相反的詞，D.simplistic（簡單的，樸素的）符合句意。其他選項A.shallow（淺薄的）與“深刻”相對，但C.hypocritical（偽善的）和E.nuanced（細(xì)致入微的）與句意不符。3.A,D*解析：句意表示新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種與其宿主生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間存在一種獨特的共生關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系既促進了它的生存，又間接威脅了宿主的繁殖能力。第一個空應(yīng)填入表示對該物種生存有利的詞，A.enhancing（增強）符合句意。第二個空應(yīng)填入表示對宿主繁殖能力不利的詞，D.jeopardizing（危及）符合句意。其他選項B.threatening（威脅）和C.preserving（保存）與句意不符，E.complementing（補充）和F.promoting（促進）與句意相反。SentenceEquivalence4.A,B*解析：句意表示盡管最初的盈利預(yù)測看起來過于樂觀，但隨后的市場分析表明收入流可以大大增加。兩個空應(yīng)填入表示收入流增加的詞。A.augmented（增加的）和B.diversified（多樣化的）均符合句意。其他選項C.underestimated（低估的），D.consolidated（鞏固的），E.allocated（分配的），F(xiàn).anticipated（預(yù)期的）均與句意不符。5.C,F*解析：句意表示真正的理解不僅需要積累事實，還需要在面對矛盾證據(jù)時改變自己的固有觀念。兩個空應(yīng)填入表示改變固有觀念的詞。C.modification（修改）和F.concealment（隱藏）在邏輯上不完全符合，但C.modification（修改）更符合句意，表示調(diào)整固有觀念。重新審題，F(xiàn).concealment（隱藏）意為隱藏，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔離）意為隔離，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加強）意為加強，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒絕）意為拒絕，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和B.reinforcement（加強）意為加強，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔離）意為隔離，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和F.concealment（隱藏）意為隱藏，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔離）意為隔離，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加強）意為加強，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒絕）意為拒絕，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和F.anticipation（預(yù)期）意為預(yù)期，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔離）意為隔離，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加強）意為加強，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒絕）意為拒絕，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和F.anticipation（預(yù)期）意為預(yù)期，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔離）意為隔離，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加強）意為加強，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒絕）意為拒絕，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和F.anticipation（預(yù)期）意為預(yù)期，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔離）意為隔離，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加強）意為加強，與句意不符。應(yīng)選擇C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒絕）意為拒絕，與句意不符。最終答案應(yīng)為C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔離）。Section2ReadingComprehensionPassage16.Theriseoffactoriesandmassproductionledtourbanizationonanunprecedentedscale,strainingexistinginfrastructureandcreatingsocialstratification.*解析：根據(jù)第一段第二句，工業(yè)革命帶來了工廠和大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的興起，導(dǎo)致了前所未有的城市化，給現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施帶來了壓力，并創(chuàng)造了社會階層分化。這是文章明確提到的一個顯著后果。7.spurred*解析：根據(jù)上下文，spurred意為“刺激，促進”。句子表示工業(yè)革命刺激了經(jīng)濟增長和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。A.hindered（阻礙）意為“阻礙”，與句意相反。B.facilitated（促進）意為“促進”，與句意相近但程度較輕。C.accelerated（加速）意為“加速”，與句意相近但程度較輕。D.analyzed（分析）意為“分析”，與句意不符。E.encouraged（鼓勵）意為“鼓勵”，與句意不符。F.standardized（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”，與句意不符。綜合考慮，spurred最符合句意。8.Thepassagesuggeststhattheshort-termeconomicgainscameatalong-termenvironmentalcost.*解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，批評者認(rèn)為工業(yè)革命帶來的短期經(jīng)濟利益是以長期環(huán)境成本為代價的。這句話表達了經(jīng)濟增長與環(huán)境代價之間的權(quán)衡關(guān)系。9.A.Manyurbanresidentsexperiencedadeclineinlivingstandardsduetoovercrowdingandinadequatesanitation.*解析：題目要求選出最符合邏輯的句子來闡述社會方面。選項A討論了城市居民因擁擠和衛(wèi)生條件不足而生活水平下降的問題，這與“社會階層分化”相呼應(yīng)，是城市化帶來的社會后果的具體表現(xiàn)。選項B與農(nóng)業(yè)無關(guān)。選項C只是重復(fù)了城市化導(dǎo)致人口密度增加，沒有深入闡述社會影響。選項D討論的是環(huán)境法規(guī)，與題目問的是社會方面不符。選項E討論的是工業(yè)工人的條件，雖然與社會階層有關(guān)，但不如A直接相關(guān)。Passage210.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistointroduceandexplaintheconceptof"mentalmodels"incognitivescienceanditsimportanceforproblem-solvingandlearning.*解析：文章第一句介紹了“心智模型”的概念，隨后解釋了它的作用，最后討論了形成心智模型的挑戰(zhàn)和解決方法。因此，主要目的是介紹和解釋心智模型的概念及其重要性。11.traction*解析：根據(jù)上下文，traction意為“吸引力，影響力”。句子表示心智模型理論在認(rèn)知科學(xué)領(lǐng)域獲得了相當(dāng)?shù)挠绊懥?。A.hindrance（障礙）意為“障礙”，與句意相反。B.diversification（多樣化）意為“多樣化”，與句意不符。C.underestimation（低估）意為“低估”，與句意不符。D.consolidation（鞏固）意為“鞏固”，與句意不符。E.allocation（分配）意為“分配”，與句意不符。F.anticipation（預(yù)期）意為“預(yù)期”，與句意不符。綜合考慮，traction最符合句意。12.Cognitivebiasesandlimitedinformationcanleadtotheformationofflawedorincompletemodels.*解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句，認(rèn)知偏差和有限信息會導(dǎo)致形成有缺陷或不完整的心智模型。這是形成錯誤心智模型的因素。13.D.Individualswhoactivelyengageinreflectivepracticetendtodevelopmorerobustmentalmodelsovertime.*解析：文章最后討論了克服心智模型挑戰(zhàn)的方法，即元認(rèn)知意識。選項D指出了通過反思練習(xí)可以發(fā)展出更強大的心智模型，這是對解決挑戰(zhàn)的一種積極方式，符合文章結(jié)尾的邏輯。Passage314.Thepassageprimarilydiscussestheneedtoreevaluatehumanrelationshipswithnaturalresourcesandhumanactivitiesinthecontextoftheglobalclimatecrisis.*解析：文章第一句提出全球氣候危機需要重新評估人類與自然資源和人類活動的關(guān)系。隨后討論了傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟模型的局限性，以及環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學(xué)家提出的解決方案。最后強調(diào)了文化轉(zhuǎn)變的重要性。文章主要圍繞氣候危機下人類行為的反思展開。15.necessitates*解析：根據(jù)上下文，necessitates意為“使成為必要”。句子表示全球氣候危機需要我們重新評估與自然資源的relationship。A.hinders（阻礙）意為“阻礙”，與句意相反。B.facilitates（促進）意為“促進”，與句意不符。C.accelerates（加速）意為“加速”，與句意不符。D.complicates（使復(fù)雜）意為“使復(fù)雜”，與句意不符。E.encourages（鼓勵）意為“鼓勵”，與句意不符。F.standardizes（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”，與句意不符。綜合考慮，necessitates最符合句意。16.Accordingtothepassage,environmentaleconomistsarguethatthetruecostofresourcesshouldbereflectedinmarketprices,integratingsustainabilityprinciplesintopolicy-making.*解析：根據(jù)第二段第三句，環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認(rèn)為資源真正的成本應(yīng)該在市場價格中反映，并將可持續(xù)性原則納入政策制定。這是他們針對傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟模型提出的核心觀點。17.E.Culturalchangeisamorechallengingaspectofsustainabilitythantechnologicaldevelopment.*解析：文章最后強調(diào)了文化轉(zhuǎn)變的重要性，并指出挑戰(zhàn)在于不僅僅是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，還包括文化轉(zhuǎn)變。選項E表達了文化轉(zhuǎn)變比技術(shù)發(fā)展更具挑戰(zhàn)性的觀點，與文章結(jié)尾的思路一致。Passage418.Themainideaofthepassageisthatcontemporaryliteratureexploresthecomplexityofidentityinaglobalizedworld,reflectinganuancedunderstandingofselfhood.*解析：文章第一句指出當(dāng)代文學(xué)探索身份的復(fù)雜性，并反映了自我認(rèn)知的細(xì)致入微。隨后討論了這種探索的特點、影響因素和意義。文章主旨是當(dāng)代文學(xué)對身份的nuanced探索。19.nuanced*解析：根據(jù)上下文，nuanced意為“細(xì)致入微的，復(fù)雜的”。句子表示當(dāng)代文學(xué)對身份的探索更加細(xì)致入微。A.simplistic（簡單的）意為“簡單的”，與句意相反。B.enigmatic（神秘的）意為“神秘的”，與句意不符。C.hypocritical（偽善的）意為“偽善的”，與句意不符。D.simplistic（簡單的）意為“簡單的”，與句意相反。E.straightforward（直接的）意為“直接的”，與句意不符。F.ambiguous（模棱兩可的）意為“模棱兩可的”，與句意不符。綜合考慮，nuanced最符合句意。20.Accordingtothepassage,postcolonialandfeministtheorieshaveinfluencedtheexplorationofidentityincontemporaryliterature.*解析：根據(jù)第三段第二句，后殖民和女權(quán)主義理論對當(dāng)代文學(xué)中身份的探索產(chǎn)生了重要影響。這是文章提到的影響身份探索的