ResearchonenergytradebetweenChinaandUzbekistanbasedon“OnebeltOneroad”

ThisarticleaimstoanalyzethecurrentstatusofnaturalgastradecooperationbetweenUzbekistanandChinabasedonthecurrentsituationofnaturalgasresourcemarketsinUzbekistanandChina,analyzethenecessity,importance,andfeasibilityofnaturalgastradebetweenUzbekistanandChina,andanalyzetherestrictionsonnaturalgasinUzbekistanandChinaRealisticobstaclestotradecooperation.InadditiontothenewsituationofChina’s“OnebeltOneroad”developmentstrategy,itanalyzestheprospectsandpossibleproblemsandchallengesoffuturenaturalgastradecooperationbetweenUkraineandChina,andfinallyputsforwardrelevantsuggestionsforfurtherdeepeningthenaturalgastradecooperationbetweenUkraineandChina.

Content

TOC\o"1-3"\h\u

IIntroduction

IIntroduction

UzbekistanisoneofthefiveimportantlandlockedcountriesinCentralAsiaandanimportantneighborinChina'swesternborderregion.UzbekistanisoneofthefamouscountriesalongtheSilkRoadinancientChina.Ithasalonghistoryofpolitical,economicandculturalexchangeswithChina.UzbekistanalsohasabundantdomesticnaturalresourcereservesandisanimportantoilandgasexportingcountryinCentralAsia.Inrecentyears,ChinaandUzbekistanhaveconductedextensiveeconomicandtradecooperation,especiallyintermsofnaturalgascooperation.UzbekistanandChinahavestrongcomplementaritiesinnaturalgastrade.ChinaandUzbekistanareimportantimportersandexportersofnaturalgastoeachother.Inrecentyears,Chinahasbeenadvocatingthe“OnebeltOneroad”strategy,whichaimstopromoteanddevelopeconomicandtraderelationswithcountriesalongtheOnebeltOneroad,andpromoteeconomicintegrationandcommondevelopmentwiththecountriesalongthe“OnebeltOneroad”.Uzbekistan,asa“OnebeltOneroad”strategyThecountriesalongtheroute,aswellasthememberstates,havebroughtnewopportunitiesforUzbekistan'snaturalgasexporttradetoChina,andatthesametime,itmayalsobringnewchallenges.

1.1ResearchBackground

UzbekistanisanimportantneighborofChina'swesternborderareaandoneofthefamouscountriesalongtheSilkRoadinancientChina.Itspolitical,economicandculturalexchangesandcooperationwithChinahaveexistedsinceancienttimes.Uzbekistanisacountryrichinnaturalresources.InCentralAsia,Uzbekistanranksfirstintheworldinenergy,oil,coal,gold,silverandcopperproduction.Uzbekistan'smainenergyresourcesareenergyandoil.TheindustryfoundationofUzbekistan'senergyprocessingindustryisrelativelygood,anditsenergyconsumptionalsoranksthetop10intheworld.However,therearemanypracticalproblemsinUzbekistan'senergydevelopmentandapplication.Forexample,theexploitationofenergyisnotveryoptimistic,theexplorationanddevelopmenttechnologyisnotuptointernationalstandards,andthemodeoftransportationofenergyisrelativelybackward,whichlimitsthedevelopmentofUzbekistan'senergyindustry.However,duetoitsuniquegeographicallocationandtheworldwideeconomicandtradebroughtaboutbyeconomicglobalization,tradebetweenChinaandUzbekistanhasbecomemorefrequentinthiscontext.UzbekistanhasnowbecomeoneofthemostimportantstrategicpartnersofChina'senergytradecooperation.Thedevelopmentofacountrycannotbeseparatedfromthesupportofenergy.NowChinaisthesecondlargesteconomyintheworld.ThenationalenergysecuritysystemisextremelyimportantforChina.Inordertoensurethestableandhigh-speeddevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,Chinabeginstopaymoreattentiontothesecurityofenergyimportandthestabilityofsupply.Withitssuperiorstrategiclocationandabundantenergyresources,andwiththecontinuousdiscoveryofitsenergyresourcesexplorationinrecentyears,itsenergyreservescontinuetoincrease,Uzbekistan'senergyresourcesaremoreandmoreimportanttoChina,andChina'shugeconsumermarketisalsoveryimportantforUzbekistan'senergymarketdevelopment.

In2015,Chinareleasedadocumentwithstrategicdevelopmentsignificance,"visionandactiontopromotethejointconstructionoftheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21stcenturyMaritimeSilkRoad".Thedocumentformallyputforwardthedevelopmentstrategyof"onebeltandoneroad"(theabbreviationofthe"SilkRoadEconomicBelt"andthe"twenty-firstCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad"developmentstrategy).Uzbekistan,oneoftheimportantcountriesalongtheSilkRoad,isactivelyrespondingtoChina's"onebeltandoneroad"strategicinitiativeandactivelyinvolvedintheprocessofcooperationwithChina.Undertheinternationalbackgroundof"onebeltandoneroad"construction,productioncapacitycooperationasanimportantpartofeconomiccooperation,Uzbekistan'senergyexportstoChinaalsousheredinnewopportunities.AlthoughtherearecertainchallengesandobstaclestoUzbekistan'sexportenergytoChina,theseproblemscannotbecompletelyovercome.Withtheadvanceofthe"onebeltandoneway"strategy,thelevelofenergytradecooperationbetweenthetwocountrieswillfurtherimprove.Ontheonehand,wewillfurtherexpandtheeconomicdividendbroughtbyenergytradeinUrumqi,andpromotethetransformationandupgradingoftheenergyindustryinUzbekistan.Longtermdevelopmentgoals.Ontheotherhand,itwillhelpChinatosolvetheimbalanceofdomesticenergysupplyanddemandandensuretheimplementationofitsnationalenergysecuritystrategy.

1.2PurposeandSignificance

Accordingtotheworldenergystatisticsdepartment,bytheendof2012,Uzbekistan'soilreserveshavereached520milliontons.Althoughtherearenolargeoilfieldsinproductioninrecentyears,itsproductionisalsoinadecliningtrend.Inthepasttenyearsfrom2002to2012,thedeclineratehasbeenmorethan50%,butthedomesticenergyconsumptionalsoshowsadownwardtrend,withadeclinerateofabout40%.Thedomesticproductionisenoughtosupplydomesticconsumption,whichalsomakestheenergyexportpossible.Incontrast,China'senergyoutputisquitedifferentfromthatofUzbekistan.Accordingtostatistics,bytheendof2012,China'sprovenenergyreserveshavereached310millioncubicmeters.AlthoughChina'senergyoutputhasbeensteadilyincreasingyearbyyearsince2002,itsoutputin2012hasincreased228%comparedwiththattenyearsago,whiletheconsumptionis393%ofthattenyearsago.ThegrowthrateofChina'senergyconsumptionisfarfasterthanthatofitsproduction.China'senergysupplyanddemandgapisgrowingIntheforeseeablefuture,theshortageofenergysupplywillcontinue,whichwillleadtotheincreaseofdomesticlivingcostsandtheimpactonthecredibilityofthegovernment.OneoftheproblemsfacingChinaistheenvironmentalpollutioncausedbylarge-scaleindustrialization.Theburningofalargenumberoffossilenergyhasledtoseriousairpollution.Therefore,environmentaltreatmenthasbecomeanurgenttask.Therefore,wehavetofindalowpollutionenergytoreplaceit.Withtheincreasingimbalancebetweensupplyanddemandandtheneedtoprotecttheenvironment,theChinesegovernmenthastolookabroadtofindawayout.

Undersuchpracticalneeds,ChinaandUzbekistancantakewhattheyneedfromeachotherandwin-winresultsthroughenergyexporttoChina.ThegeographicalpositionofUzbekistanandChinaissuperior.ThetwocountriesareonlyseparatedbyKyrgyzstan.Theconvenienceoflandtransportationisconducivetotheenergytradeandothereconomicandtradeexchangesbetweenthetwocountries.Bothcountriesareconstantlyseekingdevelopment,andwillincreaseinternationalbusinessexchanges.Moreover,nomatterinstrategyorgeographicallocation,thecooperationbetweenChinaandUzbekistanwillbefurtherdeepened.Butatthesametime,therewillbesomeinevitablechallenges.ChinaandUzbekistanarerelativelycloseingeographicallocation,butatthesametime,theexistenceofKazakhstancannotbeignoredbetweenthem,sothetradecostwillbehigher.Inaddition,Uzbekistan'sinternalpoliticalfactorsleadtoconservativepoliciesandserioussluggishproductionefficiency.Bothcountrieshopetodeepentiesinbusinessexchanges,tohavecloserandmorefrequentexchanges,andtocreateahigherstandardoflivingforthetwopeoples.Thisneedsthejointeffortsofthetwogovernmentsandpeoples.

ThroughthestudyofUzbekistan'sexportenergytoChinaunderthebackgroundof"onebeltandoneroad"strategy,wefindthefavorablefactorsthathelpexpandtheenergycooperationtradebetweenthetwocountries,andgraspthetrendoftheenergymarketinthetwocountries,andtaketheconstructionofthewholeareaasabridgeandfulcrumforthetwocountries'futureenergytradecooperation,soastorealizethemutualneedsandmutualbenefitsofthetwocountries'economicandtradecooperation.

1.3ResearchMethods

Theauthormainlyconductsresearchandanalysisthroughthefactoranalysismethod.Thismethodisaparticulardatasimplificationtechnique.Itaimstolearnthebasicstructureofdataobservedthroughresearchingtheinternaldependencyrelationshipofnumerousvariables.Itusesseveralfactorstodenotetheoriginaldataandreflectinformation.

Ithasthefollowingproperties:(a)Thenumberoffactorsisfarlessthanthenumberoforiginalvariables.(b)Thefactorsarenotincludedintheoriginalvariables,butthecomprehensivenessofthem.(c)Thereisnolinearrelationamongfactors.(d)Factorshaveclearandstronginterpretability,soitcanmaximizetheroleofprofessionalanalysis.

1.4.MainFindings

Theauthormainlyhasfindingsasfollows:

First,theenergycompanyinUzbekistansuffersahugegapcomparedwithotherinternationalenergycompanieswithregardtocompetitiveness.

Second,thecompaniesinUzbekistanwilldevelopfasttobridgethegap.

Third,thereareprospectsofcorporationsintrade,financial,economicareasbetweenChinaandUzbekistaninthelongrun.

IIDevelopmentofUzbekistan'sEnergyIndustry

2.1TheFormationandDevelopmentofEnergyIndustry

Uzbekistanoilexplorationbeganinthe1980s,andin1920,someexplorationanddevelopmententeredintoanactiveperiodinthe1940s,withasubstantialincreaseinoilandgasproduction.By1950,Uzbekistan'stotaloilproductionhadincreasedto1.34milliontons,10timesmorethanbeforeWorldWarII.Thefirstenergyfieldwasdiscoveredin1953.In1956,alargegazlioilfieldwithenergyreservesofmorethan1trillioncubicmeterswasdiscovered.Atpresent,therearethreemajorenergyproducingareasinUzbekistan:thefirstoilfieldinUzbekistanislocatedintheAmuDarya(bukharashwa)areaatthejunctionofthewesternpartofUzbekistanandthenortheastpartofTurkmenistan,whichisthemostabundantgasresourceoilfield.Thesecondoilfieldisbuiltontheplatform,thenorthCaucasusqiuertsangarea.ThethirdoilfieldislocatedintheSurhanvakhshiarea,whichisalsoinUzbekistanAttheborderofthetwocountries,intheASARmountains.

Uptonow,41multinationalcompanieshavereachedcooperativerelationswithUzbekistaninthefieldofoilandgasfieldexplorationanddevelopment.Atpresent,Uzbekistan'senergyprocessingcanbedividedintothreeparts:first,inordertobuildusturskenergychemicalplant,UzbekistanandSouthKoreabegantocooperate,allofwhichareinternationalcompanies.Theseinternationalcompaniesjointlyestablishedanenergychemicaljointventurecompany;second,UzbekNationalPetroleumEnergyCompanyandPetronascompanyreachedanagreement,andtwocompaniesThecompanyisexpectedtobuildcomprehensiveenergyfacilitiesinshutanskienergyandchemicalbaseofkashkardalinProvince,namelyshutanskienergyandchemicalbase;third,cooperatewithzeromaxgmbhcompanyofSwitzerlandtodevelopandbuildtheprojectofbalekenergyprocessingplant.Apartfromtheabove-mentionedcompanies,UzbekistanStateOilandgasholdingcompanyandmanymultinationalcompanieshavealsocarriedoutcooperationandreachedpartnershipwithChina'soilandenergygroupcompany,SouthKorea'soilcompany,Malaysia'soilandgascompanyandRussiaLukoilcompany.

2.2EstablishmentofEnergyDevelopmentCompany

Atpresent,thereisonlyoneenergyproductionenterpriseinUzbekistan,namelyUzbekistanNationalPetroleumandgasholdingcompany.Petroleumenergyismanagedbythegovernment,whichistheheartofUzbekistan'soilandenergyindustry.UzbekistanNationalPetroleumandenergyholdingcompany(hereinafterreferredtoasUrumqicontrol)wasestablishedonDecember11,1988.ItwasbuiltinaccordancewithgovernmentDecreeNo.523.Thecompanywasregisteredinthecountry'sjudiciaryin1999andofficiallyregisteredinApril.Inaddition,thegovernmentalsoestablishedUzbekistanPetroleumEnergyConstructionInvestmentCo.,Ltd.

2.3ChangesinMarketShare

Intheearly1990s,UzbekistanattachedgreatimportancetothecooperationwiththeUnitedStatesandEuropeancountriesinthefieldofenergy,whileitwasquiteindifferenttothecooperationattitudeofthethengreatpowerRussia.However,intheearly20thcentury,duetothepoorinvestmentenvironmentandinconvenienttransportation,thewesterncountriessuccessivelyabandonedUzbekistan'sinvestment.

TheUnitedStatesinstigatedcolorrevolutioninsomecountriesafterthecollapseoftheSovietUnion.Inordertomaintainthestabilityofthestatepowerandensurethebetterdevelopmentoftheeconomy,UzbekistanbegantocarryoutenergyresourcesandnewenergycooperationwithitsneighboringRussiain2004.Inordertomakethedomesticeconomygrowrapidly,theUzbekistangovernmentcontinuestoincreasetheexploration,exploitationandexportofenergy,andcontinuestoincreasetheexistingreserves.Inordertomakemoreefficientuseofdomesticresources,Uzbekistanbegantofocusonforeigncountries,andisreadytostartexploringandexploitingdomesticoilandgasresourceswithcompaniesfromallovertheworld.Asofthisyear,onlyinthefieldofoilandenergy,thenumberofcountriesparticipatingintheexplorationanddevelopmentofoilandgasfieldsinUzbekistanhasreachedmorethan40.Amongthem,thefamousenterprisesintheworldareCNPC,alarinternational,andPetronas,includingSwisscompaniesfromEuropeandLukoilcompaniesfromRussia.Inthelongrun,Uzbekistanwillfurtherdeveloptheexplorationanddevelopmentofoldandnewoilandgasfieldsinthefutureenergydevelopmentandsalesprocess.

2.4ChangesinIndustrialPolicy

On1September1991,Uzbekistandeclareditsindependence.Inordertogetridofthebackwardeconomy,enhanceeconomicstrengthandbecomearealsovereignstate,thegovernmentofUzbekistancarriesoutacomprehensiveforeignpolicyinforeignrelations.AftertheestablishmentofUzbekistan'sstateoilandenergyholdingcompanyin1998,Uzbekistanbeganenergydiplomacywithothercountries.Fromthelate1990stothebeginningofthe21stcentury,Uzbekistanstrivesforlong-termcooperationinthefieldofenergywithdevelopedcountriesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.AftertheEuropeanandAmericancountriesgaveupinvestmentforthereasonsofpoorinvestmentenvironmentandthecolorrevolutionimplementedbytheUnitedStatestotheCIScountries,UzbekistanwasdeterminedtoinvestinRussia,anditsenergyexportwasalsomonopolizedbyRussia.In2000,PresidentKarimovofUzbekistansignedtheorderonmeasurestoattractforeigndirectinvestmentinoilandgasexplorationandexploitation,whichaimstostrengthenoilandgasexplorationandattractforeigndirectinvestment.Thedecreestatesthatforeigncompaniescanlease(25yearsofoperation,renewable)anddevelopoilandenergyfoundintheusthrtarea.ThisdecreedirectlyimprovedtheefficiencyofUzbekistan'soilandenergyoperations,acceleratedtheexplorationofoilandenergyreservesandattractedalargenumberofforeigncompanies'investment.AftertheUSsubprimecrisisbrokeoutin2008,theworldenergysituationalsochangeddramatically.UzbekistanbroketheexistingRussianmonopolymodeofenergyexportandactivelycooperatedwithforeigncompaniesinenergydevelopmentprojects.Inrecentyears,manyoilandgascompanies,includingChina,Russia,Sweden,SouthKoreaandMalaysia,havecooperatedwithUzbekistaninenergyandotherenergydevelopment.Infact,Uzbekistan'senergyexportsareboundtodiversify,butthisprocesswillbebumpy.ThedemandforenergyandthecompetitionamongthemajorcountrieswilldirectlyaffectthehealthydevelopmentofUzbekistan'senergysector.Uzbekistanneedstofindabalancepointinthisprocessinordertomaximizeitsowninterests.

IIIComprehensiveEvaluationModel

Forenergyenterprises,theevaluationmethodsoftheircorecompetitivenessmainlyincludeanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP)theory,whichwillbetreatedasweightvectorsdescribingdifferentgraylevels.Onthisbasis,thesinglevalueprocessingiscarriedouttoobtainthecomprehensiveevaluationvalueofthecorecompetitivenessoftheevaluationobject,andthenthedifferentcorecompetencelevelscanbecompared;thefuzzycomprehensiveevaluationmethodistoquantifysomedifficulttodefineanddifficulttoquantifyfactorsthroughtheapplicationofthefuzzyrelationshipsynthesisprinciple,andthentocomprehensivelyevaluate,analyzeandjudgethem;thefactoranalysismethodistoAbstractfactorsareevaluatedbyspecificindicators.Multipleindicatorsmeasuredareexpressedaslinearcombinationsofafewfactors.Dimensionreductionismainlyusedtomeasureandanalyzerecessivevariablesthroughdominantvariables.Thispaperanalyzestheinternationalcompetitivenessofenergyenterprisesbythemostextensivefactoranalysismethod.

3.1MathematicalmodelofFactorAnalysis

Thecommonfactorsinfactoranalysiscannotbedirectlyobserved,buttheyareobjectivecommoninfluencingfactors.Eachvariablecanbeexpressedasthesumoflinearfunctionofcommonfactorsandspecialfactors,asfollows:

Xi=μi+ai1F1+ai2F2+…+aimFm+εi(i=1,2,3,…p)

Where,F1F2F3,...,Fmisthecommonfactor;εIisthespecialfactorofXi,AIJisthefactorload,whichistheloadoftheithvariableonthejfactor.

EX=μ

Factoranalysisreferstoamodelthatusesafewfactorstostudythestatisticalrelationshipbetweenmultipleoriginalindicators.Amongthem,therearetindexes,X1x2,x3,,...,xt,andeachindexhasbeenstandardized.Themathematicalmodelconstructedbyfactoranalysismethodisasfollows:

x1=b11G1+b12G2+…+b1pGp+μ1x2=b21G2+b22G2+…+bpGp+μ2?xt=bt1G1+bt2G2+…+bpGp+μt

Amongthem,xi(i=1,2,...,t)istheactualevaluationindex,andGj=1,2,...,p)isthecommonfactorinvolvedinfactoranalysis.Themodelcanbeexpressedintheformofmatrix:

X=BG+μ

Where,

X=x1,x2,x3,…,xtT

G=G1,G2,G3,…,GpT

μ=μ1,μ2,μ3,…,μtT

B=b11b21?bn1b12b22?bn2……?…b1nb2n?bnn

Basicstepsoffactoranalysis:

Thefirststepistostandardizetheoriginaldatasoastoeliminatetheinfluenceofdimensionandquantityunit.

Inthesecondstep,thestandardizedindexcorrelationcoefficientmatrixBiscalculatedtodeterminewhetheritissuitableforfactoranalysis.

Inthethirdstep,therotationmethodisusedtomakethefactorvariableseasiertoexplain,andthecoordinatetransformationisusedtomakeeachoriginalvariablehaveacloserelationshipamongasfewfactorsaspossible,sothatthepracticalmeaningofthefactorsolutioniseasiertoexplain,sothatitiseasiertoexplaintheactualmeaningofthefactorsolutionandgiveeachpotentialfactorameaningfulname.

Thefourthstepistocalculatethefactorscore.

3.2EmpiricalAnalysis

InordertoanalyzethecompetitivenessofUzbekistan'senergycompanies,thispaperselectssevenrepresentativeenergycompanieswithhighdegreeofdatadisclosure,includinguzbekneftegazcompanyinUzbekistan,asshownintable5-2.ThesecompaniesarethemaincompetitivepartnersfacedbyUzbekistan'senergycompaniesintheinternationalenergyandgasmarket,withstrongcomparativeanalysissignificance.Theempiricaldataarefromtheannualreportsofenergycompaniesin2018.Someofthedataarecollatedbytheauthorthroughtheenergywebsite.Finally,SPSSstatisticalsoftwareisusedtoconductacomprehensiveevaluationandanalysisoftheinternationalcompetitivenessoftheworld'ssevenenergycompanies.

Tab1.Sevenworldfamousenergycompanies

No.

company

name

1

PetroChina

2

ExxonMobil

3

Shell

4

BritishPetroleum

5

Total

6

Chevron

7

Uzbekneftegaz

Thispaperfocusesoneightindicatorstocarryoutthecompetitivepriceofenergycompanies.

Byanalyzingdata,theresultsshowthatthereisastrongcorrelationbetweentheselectedindicators,andthecorrelationcoefficientbetweenmostindicatorsisgreaterthan0.3,whichcandescribemostoftheinformationrepresentedbytheseindicatorswithafewcommonfactors.Therefore,factoranalysiscanbeusedinthisstudy.

Twocommonfactorswitheigenvaluesgreaterthan1areextractedbyprincipalcomponentextraction,sothateachcommonfactorcanreflectthechangeofatleastoneoftheoriginalindexes.Thecumulativevariancecontributionrateofthesetwocommonfactorsis62.909%,whichcanbasicallyreflectmostoftheinformationintheoriginalindicators.

Tab.2characteristicvalues

Component

Initialeigenvalue

Rotatesquaresumload

Total

Variancecontributionrate

Cumulativevariancecontributionrate

Total

Variancecontributionrate

Cumulativevariancecontributionrate

1

4.387

40.112

40.112

3.915

34.525

34.525

2

1.895

19.252

59.364

2.652

28.384

62.909

3

1.403

12.663

72.027

4

0.937

10.875

82.902

5

0.742

8.919

91.821

6

0.379

8.179

100

Tab.3rotatingcomponentmatrix

Index

Indexcode

Component

1

2

Servicemarketingcapability

S1

0.795

0.256

Riskcontrolcapability

S2

0.562

-0.315

Annualoperatingincome

S3

0.805

0.214

Proportionofinternationaloilandgas

S4

0.193

0.527

Crudeoiloutput

S5

0.392

0.954

Coretechnologycompetitiveness

S6

-0.163

0.418

Inordertomakethecommonfactorsmoreinterpretable,themaximumvariancemethodisusedforfactorrotationtoobtainthefactorloadmatrix,asshownintable3.Inthefactorloadmatrix,thefirstpublicfactorhasahigherloadinthreeindicators:servicemarketingability,riskcontrolabilityandannualoperatingrevenue.Theseindicatorsarebasicallyindicatorsthatreflecttheoverallsizeofthecompanyandaredifficulttoimitate,sothefactorisnamedscalefactor.Scalefactorisalsothemostimportantindicatortoreflectthecompetitivenessofenergycompanies.Thesecondfactorhasalargeloadontheinternationalenergyandgasshare,crudeenergyproductionandcoretechnologycompetitiveness,whicharecloselyrelatedtothecompany'ssubsequentdevelopment,soitisnamedasthesustainabledevelopmentfactor,whichisalsoanimportantfactorintheevaluationofenergycompetitiveness.Afterextractingtwocompetitivenessfactors,accordingtothefactorscorematrix,thescoresofeachcompanyondifferentfactorsandthecomprehensivescoresofeachcompanyareshownintab.4.

Thecalculationformulaofcomprehensivescoreis:F=（34.525×F1+28.384×F2）/62.909

Thecoefficientbeforeeachfactoristhevariancecontributionrateofthefactor,andthedenominatoristhecumulativevariancecontributionrateofthetwofactors.

Tab.4Factorscoresandcomprehensivescoresofeachenergycompany

Ranking

companyname

Scalefactor

Sustainabledevelopmentfactors

Compositescore

1

PetroChina

0.804

0.421

0.631

2

ExxonMobil

1.685

0.772

1.273

3

Shell

0.778

0.312

0.568

4

BritishPetroleum

0.632

0.301

0.482

5

Total

0.432

0.101

0.282

6

Chevron

1.209

0.405

0.686

7

Uzbekneftegaz

0.398

-0.286

0.089

Tab.5Comprehensiveranking

No.

company

name

1

PetroChinaExxonMobil

2

Chevron

3

PetroChina

4

Shell

5

BritishPetroleum

6

Total

7

Uzbekneftegaz

Thefollowingconclusionsaredrawnfromthedata.

First,withregardofScalefactor,Uzbekneftegazenergycompanyhasscoreof0.398.Itisthelowestscoreamongthesevencompanies,andthegapishugesincetheaveragescoreis0.848,0.45higherthanUzbekneftegaz.AndExxonMobil’sscoreis1.685,almost4timesofUzbekneftegaz.

Second,withregardofSustainabledevelopment,Uzbekneftegazperformsbadstill.Itisstillthelowestscoreamongthesevencompanies,andthegapishugesincetheaveragescoreis0.289,0.575higherthanUzbekneftegaz.Uzbekneftegazsuffersanegativescoreandallothersarepositive.

Thirdly,externalfactorsmighthavehadnegativeimpactonthat:

Inparticularasharpincreaseordecreaseinthemarketdemand;competitors,theoilpricechnages(incertaincases),politicsituationinthecountries;economiccrisisorembargoesandsanctionsagainstpartnerscountries;implementinglimitationsonbusinessduetoclimatechangeandetc.

Overall,Uzbekneftegazenergycompanyhasdeficienciesinsustainabledevelopmentabilityandscalelevel,andthereisabiggapcomparedwithotherinternationalenergycompanies.

However,inrecentyears,afterinternationaloperationanddevelopment,uzbekneftegazenergycompany'sinternationallevelhasbeensignificantlyenhanced.Therefore,inthestrategicdirectionoffuturedevelopment,uzbekneftegazenergycompanyshouldbeunswervingAdheretotheinternationalstrategy,intermsoftechnicallevel,increaseinvestmentandabsorbtheexperienceofotherinternationalcompanies,reducethecostofenterprises,improvetheproductionefficiencyofenterprises,ultimatelyincreasetheincomeofenterprises,improveinternationalinfluenceandcompetitiveness.

IVCountermeasuresforCooperationinEnergyDevelopmentbetweenUzbekistanandChina

4.1StrengthenPoliticalMutualTrustandDeepenInternationalCooperation

InordertopromotetheenergydevelopmentcooperationbetweenUzbekistanandChina,wemuststartwiththepoliticalcooperationbetweenthetwocountries.Atpresent,theglobalpoliticalandeconomicpatternhaschangedimperceptibly.Comparedwiththetraditionalsecu