2025年高職應(yīng)用化工技術(shù)（應(yīng)用化工工藝）試題及答案

（考試時(shí)間：90分鐘滿分100分）班級(jí)______姓名______第一部分：選擇題（總共10題，每題3分，每題只有一個(gè)正確答案，請(qǐng)將正確答案填在括號(hào)內(nèi)）1.化工生產(chǎn)中常用的“三酸兩堿”不包括以下哪種物質(zhì)（）A.硫酸B.鹽酸C.硝酸D.磷酸2.以下哪種反應(yīng)類型在化工工藝中最為常見(jiàn)（）A.加成反應(yīng)B.取代反應(yīng)C.氧化還原反應(yīng)D.聚合反應(yīng)3.化工生產(chǎn)中控制反應(yīng)溫度的主要目的是（）A.提高反應(yīng)速率B.降低能耗C.防止副反應(yīng)發(fā)生D.以上都是4.精餾塔的作用是（）A.分離液體混合物B.分離氣體混合物C.吸收氣體D.解吸氣體5.以下哪種物質(zhì)是常用的化工催化劑（）A.氯化鈉B.氧化鋁C.碳酸鈣D.氫氧化鈉6.化工生產(chǎn)中廢水處理的第一步通常是（）A.中和B.沉淀C.過(guò)濾D.曝氣7.合成氨工藝中，原料氣的主要成分不包括（）A.氮?dú)釨.氫氣C.一氧化碳D.氧氣8.以下哪種設(shè)備不屬于化工傳熱設(shè)備（）A.換熱器B.蒸發(fā)器C.反應(yīng)釜D.冷凝器9.化工工藝流程圖中，管道的標(biāo)注不包括以下哪項(xiàng)（）A.管道編號(hào)B.管徑C.管道材質(zhì)D.管道顏色10.化工生產(chǎn)中，安全生產(chǎn)的基本原則不包括（）A.預(yù)防為主B.綜合治理C.質(zhì)量第一D.安全第一第二部分：多項(xiàng)選擇題（總共5題，每題4分，每題有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上正確答案，請(qǐng)將正確答案填在括號(hào)內(nèi)，少選、多選均不得分）1.化工工藝中常用的分離方法有（）A.蒸餾B.萃取C.吸附D.離子交換2.化工生產(chǎn)中常用的加熱方式有（）A.蒸汽加熱B.電加熱C.熱水加熱D.熱油加熱3.以下哪些物質(zhì)屬于危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品（）A.濃硫酸B.天然氣C.乙醇D.氯化鈉4.化工工藝設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容包括（）A.工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)B.設(shè)備選型C.管道布置D.車間布置5.在化工生產(chǎn)中，提高產(chǎn)品收率的方法有（）A.優(yōu)化反應(yīng)條件B.改進(jìn)分離工藝C.增加原料投入D.減少副反應(yīng)第三部分：判斷題（總共10題，每題2分，請(qǐng)?jiān)诶ㄌ?hào)內(nèi)打“√”或“×”）1.化工生產(chǎn)中，所有的化學(xué)反應(yīng)都是放熱反應(yīng)。（）2.精餾塔的塔頂溫度一定高于塔底溫度。（）3.催化劑只能加快反應(yīng)速率，不能改變反應(yīng)的平衡狀態(tài)。（）4.化工生產(chǎn)中產(chǎn)生的廢氣都可以直接排放到大氣中。（）5.合成氨工藝中，氫氣和氮?dú)獾谋壤龑?duì)反應(yīng)結(jié)果沒(méi)有影響。（）6.化工工藝流程圖中，設(shè)備的標(biāo)注必須包括設(shè)備名稱、型號(hào)和規(guī)格。（）7.化工生產(chǎn)中，操作人員必須嚴(yán)格遵守操作規(guī)程，不得擅自更改工藝參數(shù)。（）8.廢水處理中，中和法只能用于處理酸性廢水。（）9.化工工藝設(shè)計(jì)中，不需要考慮環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題。（）10.在化工生產(chǎn)中，提高反應(yīng)壓力可以提高反應(yīng)速率，但也可能增加設(shè)備成本。（）第四部分：簡(jiǎn)答題（總共3題，每題10分）1.簡(jiǎn)述化工工藝的定義及其重要性。你的作答：-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------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